理想的退休年龄是多少岁(下)

一项研究甚至发现，无论退休前的健康状况如何，推迟退休与死亡风险的降低有关。

双语精读

For people working in knowledge-based jobs, a retirement age in the 70s is reasonable from a cognitive perspective, too, said Lisa Renzi-Hammond, director of the Institute of Gerontology at the University of Georgia.

佐治亚大学老年学研究所所长丽莎·伦齐-哈蒙德说，对于从事脑力工作的人来说，从认知的角度来看，70多岁的退休年龄也是合理的。

"Our cognitive faculties we're able to maintain, usually, pretty well into our 70s," she said. "If retirement age is set based on the capabilities or competence of employees, there's absolutely no reason to have a retirement age in the 60s."

"我们的认知能力通常到70多岁都还能维持在比较好的状态，"她说，"如果退休年龄是根据员工的能力范围和工作能力而设定的，那么绝对没有理由将退休年龄定在60岁。"

Parts of the brain -- most notably the prefrontal cortex, which is critical for executive functioning, attention and working memory -- do start to lose volume as early as around age 45, but other areas are able to compensate, Dr. Renzi-Hammond said.

伦齐-哈蒙德博士说，大脑的某些部分--最明显的是前额叶皮质，这个部分对执行功能、注意力和工作记忆至关重要--确实从45岁左右就开始体积减小，但大脑的其他区域能够进行弥补。

And other aspects of cognition, such as crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge that can be applied to new situations) and social cognition (behaving appropriately in interpersonal interactions), continue to improve for decades.

而认知的其他方面，如晶体智力(逐渐积累且可应用于新情况的知识)和社会认知(在人际互动中表现得体)，会在接下来的几十年里继续进步。

Many of these cognitive processes are maintained and strengthened by staying in the work force. Consequently, some people decline mentally and physically when they stop working.

许多认知过程都是通过留在工作岗位而得到保持和加强的。因此，当一些人停止工作时，他们的精神和身体都会衰退。

One study even found that delaying retirement was associated with a decreased risk of death, regardless of health before retirement. Experts speculate that the losses of job-related physical activity and social interactions that come with leaving work are largely to blame for post-retirement declines.

一项研究甚至发现，无论退休前的健康状况如何，推迟退休与死亡风险的降低有关。专家推测，停止工作后，与工作相关的体力活动和社交活动的缺失是退休后身心衰退的主要原因。

National health and disability averages don't tell the full story, though. While some people stay sharp and continue to work into their 80s, other jobs are more physically demanding and take a toll on people's health.

然而，全国的健康水平和残疾平均水平并不能说明问题的全部。有些人一直头脑敏锐，能工作到80多岁，但还有些工作对体力的要求更高，会对人们的健康造成损害。

"There are people who do manual labor where at age 65, they really cannot continue to do this very challenging work," Dr. Cohen said. "Their need to retire needs to be respected."

"有些从事体力劳动的人在65岁的时候就真的没办法继续做这种很有挑战性的工作了，"科恩博士说，"他们的退休需求需要得到尊重。"

For these types of work, retirement can actually improve health outcomes, Dr. Renzi-Hammond said. "If you're leaving a job that is physically bad for you, where you are getting terrible sleep and you're constantly stressed out, then retirement is great for your health."

伦齐-哈蒙德博士说，对于这些类型的工作，退休实际上可以改善健康状况。"如果你的工作对你的身体不好、让你的睡眠质量很差、一直感到压力很大，那么退休对你的健康是有好处的。"

Life span and health-span are also not consistent across race and gender, both because of the type of work certain demographics are more likely to take part in, and the toll chronic stress from discrimination takes on the body.

不同种族和性别的人的全部寿命和健康年限也不一致，因为不同人口群体倾向于从事的工作不同，也因为歧视带来的长期压力对身体造成损害。

In his research, Dr. Wettstein found that, at age 50, Black men have a working life expectancy of approximately 17 years, while white women could continue working for 24 years. "There is an equity concern there, both on the life expectancy side, and also on the working-life expectancy side," Dr. Wettstein said.

韦特斯坦博士在研究中发现，50岁的黑人男性还有约17年的预期工作年限，而白人女性则可以再继续工作24年。"这里存在着一个公平问题，无论是在预期寿命方面，还是在预期工作年限方面。"韦特斯坦博士说。

"We know that Black Americans, particularly, develop illness at earlier ages, live with more disabilities, die younger," said Dr. Lisa Cooper, director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity. "So not allowing them to retire until they're older means they're just not going to benefit from Social Security as much."

"我们知道，尤其是美国黑人，患病年龄更早，残疾程度更高，寿命更短。"约翰·霍普金斯大学健康公平研究中心主任丽莎·库珀说，"因此，不允许他们提前退休意味着他们不会从社会保障中获得太多好处。"

This is also true for people from lower income brackets and those who work in physically intense jobs, she added. As a result, Dr. Cooper said, "Raising the retirement age needs to be done with all of these issues in mind, because it's not going to affect everyone the same."

她补充说，低收入阶层和从事高强度体力工作的人也是如此。库珀博士说，因此"提高退休年龄需要考虑到所有这些问题，因为这对每个人会产生不同的影响"。

The initial intent for Social Security when it was established in 1935 was simply to sustain people once they could no longer physically work. But another way to think of federally funded retirement is that it should reward people with a few years of leisure.

1935年建立社会保障制度时，其初衷只是为了在人们没有体力继续工作时，能维持他们的生活。但对由联邦政府资助的退休政策的另一种看法是，政府应该奖励人们几年闲暇时间。

"One of the areas that we don't talk enough about is: What do people deserve?" Dr. Cohen said. "Is a few wonderful years when you're still healthy -- that you can do things and travel and so on -- is that a national goal?" In France, and likely elsewhere too, many would say yes.

"我们没有充分讨论的一个领域是：人们应该得到什么？"科恩博士说。"在你还健康的时候，还能有几年好时光去做些事情、去旅游等等，这应该是国家的目标吗？"在法国，也可能在其他地方，许多人会说"是的"。

词汇预习

particularly [高考]
美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]
adv. 特别；尤其；详细地
critical [高考]
美[ˈkrɪtɪkl] | 英[ˈkrɪtɪkl]
adj. 批评的；挑剔的；决定性的；危险的 adj. 临界的
maintain [高考]
美[meɪnˈteɪn] | 英[meɪnˈteɪn]
vt. 维持；维修；保养；坚持；断言
executive [高考]
美[ɪɡˈzekjətɪv] | 英[ɪɡˈzekjətɪv]
adj. 行政的；决策的；经营的；[计算机]执行指令 n. 行政主管；行政部门；决策者
constantly [高考]
美[ˈkɑːnstəntli] | 英[ˈkɒnstəntli]
adv. 不断地；经常地
physically [高考]
美[ˈfɪzɪkli] | 英[ˈfɪzɪkli]
adv. 身体上地；实际上
largely [高考]
美[ˈlɑːrdʒli] | 英[ˈlɑːdʒli]
adv. 大部分；主要地
elsewhere [高考]
美[ˌelsˈwer] | 英[ˌelsˈweə(r)]
adv. 别处
volume [高考]
美[ˈvɑːljəm] | 英[ˈvɒljuːm]
n. 卷；体积；册；音量；容量
mentally [高考]
美[ˈmentəli] | 英[ˈmentəli]
adv. 精神上；智力上；心理上
absolutely [高考]
美[ˈæbsəluːtli] | 英[ˈæbsəluːtli]
adv. 完全地；绝对地；[语]独立地 int. （表示赞同）完全正确，一点没错
retirement [高考]
美[rɪˈtaɪərmənt] | 英[rɪˈtaɪəmənt]
n. 退休；隐匿处
cognitive [高考]
美[ˈkɑːɡnətɪv] | 英[ˈkɒɡnətɪv]
adj. 认识的；认知的；有认识力的
leisure [高考]
美[ˈliːʒər] | 英[ˈleʒə(r)]
n. 闲暇；休闲
perspective [高考]
美[pərˈspektɪv] | 英[pəˈspektɪv]
n. 视角，观点；远景；景观；透视法 adj.(按照)透视画法的；透视的
manual [高考]
美[ˈmænjuəl] | 英[ˈmænjuəl]
adj. 手工的；体力的 n. 指南；手册；键盘
sustain [高考]
美[səˈsteɪn] | 英[səˈsteɪn]
vt. 支持；承受；维持；认可；经受
decline [高考]
美[dɪˈklaɪn] | 英[dɪˈklaɪn]
v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜 n. 减少，衰退
deserve [高考]
美[dɪˈzɜːrv] | 英[dɪˈzɜːv]
vt. 应受；值得
regardless [高考]
美[rɪˈɡɑːrdləs] | 英[rɪˈɡɑːdləs]
adj. 不顾的；不注意的 adv. 不顾
intelligence [高考]
美[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] | 英[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]
n. 智力；智慧；才智；（尤指关于敌国的）情报
disability [高考]
美[ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti] | 英[ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti]
n. 无力；无能；残疾；不利条件
initial [高考]
美[ɪˈnɪʃl] | 英[ɪˈnɪʃl]
n. (词)首字母 adj. 开始的；最初的；字首的 vt. 签姓名的首字母于
approximately [高考]
美[əˈprɑːksɪmətli] | 英[əˈprɒksɪmətli]
adv. 大约；近似地
compensate [高考]
美[ˈkɑːmpenseɪt] | 英[ˈkɒmpenseɪt]
v. 补偿；赔偿；付报酬
competence [高考]
美[ˈkɑːmpɪtəns] | 英[ˈkɒmpɪtəns]
n. 能力；胜任；管辖权
consistent [高考]
美[kənˈsɪstənt] | 英[kənˈsɪstənt]
adj. 始终如一的；持续的；一致的
discrimination [高考]
美[dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn] | 英[dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn]
n. 歧视；鉴赏力；辨别
regardless of [高考]
美[rɪˈɡɑːrdləs əv] | 英[rɪˈɡɑːdləs əv]
不管；不顾
benefit from [高考]
美[ˈbɛnəfɪt frʌm] | 英[ˈbenifit frɔm]
得益于；从 ... 得到好处
say yes [高考]
美[se jɛs] | 英[sei jes]
vt. 同意(承认；允诺)
means [高考]
美[miːnz] | 英[miːnz]
n. 方法；手段；收入；财产 v. 意思是，意味（动词mean的第三人称单数）
lower [高考]
美[ˈloʊər] | 英[ˈləʊə(r)]
adj. 低的；下级的；下层的 v. 降低；减弱；跌落
gender [高考]
美[ˈdʒendər] | 英[ˈdʒendə(r)]
n. 性别；性（阳性、阴性和中性）
intense [高考]
美[ɪnˈtens] | 英[ɪnˈtens]
adj. 强大的；紧张的；强烈的；激烈的；深刻的
expectancy [高考]
美[ɪkˈspektənsi] | 英[ɪkˈspektənsi]
n. 期待；预期
span [高考]
美[spæn] | 英[spæn]
n. 时期；跨度；间距 vt. 延续；横跨；贯穿；遍及；弥补
toll [高考]
美[toʊl] | 英[təʊl]
n.（道路、桥梁等的）通行费；（事故、灾难、战争等的）伤亡人数；损坏，破坏；（缓慢的）钟声；[美]长途电话费 v.（缓慢地）敲（钟），鸣（钟）；鸣钟告知；收取（桥梁或道路的）通行费
challenging [高考]
美[ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] | 英[ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ]
adj. 挑战性的；有吸引力的
where [高考]
美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]
adv. 在哪里；在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
interpersonal [四级]
美[ˌɪntərˈpɜːrsənl] | 英[ˌɪntəˈpɜːsənl]
adj. 人与人之间的；人际关系的
chronic [四级]
美[ˈkrɑːnɪk] | 英[ˈkrɒnɪk]
adj. 长期的；慢性的；惯常的
appropriately [四级]
美[əˈprəʊpriətli] | 英[əˈprəʊpriətli]
adv. 适当地
cognition [四级]
美[kɑːɡˈnɪʃn] | 英[kɒɡˈnɪʃn]
n. 认识；认识力；认知
demanding [四级]
美[dɪˈmændɪŋ] | 英[dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ]
adj. 要求多的；吃力的
speculate [四级]
美[ˈspekjuleɪt] | 英[ˈspekjuleɪt]
vt. 推测 vi. 投机；深思
notably [六级]
美[ˈnoʊtəbli] | 英[ˈnəʊtəbli]
adv. 显著地；值得注意地；特别地
equity [六级]
美[ˈekwəti] | 英[ˈekwəti]
n. 公平；公正 n. 衡平法；权益；产权；(无固定利息的)股票
intent [六级]
美[ɪnˈtent] | 英[ɪnˈtent]
adj. 热切的；专心的；决心的 n. 意图；目的；意向；含义
based on [六级]
美[best ɑn] | 英[beɪst ɔn]
以 ... 为基础；基于
cortex [考研]
美[ˈkɔːrteks] | 英[ˈkɔːteks]
n. 外皮；（大脑）皮层
federally [考研]
美[ ˈfedərəli] | 英[ˈfedərəli]
adv. 同盟地；联邦地；联邦政府地
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上

重点讲解

佐治亚大学老年学研究所所长丽莎·伦齐-哈蒙德说，对于从事脑力工作的人来说，从认知的角度来看，70多岁的退休年龄也是合理的。

faculty n.

1. （集合名词）全体教师

【例】the Law School faculty 法学院全体教师

2. 官能；身体或心理能力

【例】faculty of hearing/mental faculties 听觉能力/思维能力

【近义词】capacity n. 天生的能力

capability n. 能力；才能

【例】beyond the capability of an average twelve-year-old 超过了普通12岁儿童的能力

【近义词】ability n. 能力

competence n. 能力；胜任

【例】professional competence/competence for a task 专业能力/对工作的胜任

【拓展】incompetence n. 不称职；不胜任

"Our cognitive faculties we're able to maintain, usually, pretty well into our 70s," she said. "If retirement age is set based on the capabilities or competence of employees, there's absolutely no reason to have a retirement age in the 60s."

"我们的认知能力通常到70多岁都还能维持在比较好的状态，"她说，"如果退休年龄是根据员工的能力范围和工作能力而设定的，那么绝对没有理由将退休年龄定在60岁。"

faculty n.

1. （集合名词）全体教师

【例】the Law School faculty 法学院全体教师

2. 官能；身体或心理能力

【例】faculty of hearing/mental faculties 听觉能力/思维能力

【近义词】capacity n. 天生的能力

capability n. 能力；才能

【例】beyond the capability of an average twelve-year-old 超过了普通12岁儿童的能力

【近义词】ability n. 能力

competence n. 能力；胜任

【例】professional competence/competence for a task 专业能力/对工作的胜任

【拓展】incompetence n. 不称职；不胜任

Parts of the brain -- most notably the prefrontal cortex, which is critical for executive functioning, attention and working memory -- do start to lose volume as early as around age 45, but other areas are able to compensate, Dr. Renzi-Hammond said.

伦齐-哈蒙德博士说，大脑的某些部分--最明显的是前额叶皮质，这个部分对执行功能、注意力和工作记忆至关重要--确实从45岁左右就开始体积减小，但大脑的其他区域能够进行弥补。

executive adj. 执行的；实施的；行政的

【例】chief executive officer/the executive authority 首席执行官/行政当局

【拓展】execute v. 执行；实施

【例】execute a plan/command 实施计划/执行命令

appropriately adv. 合适的；恰当的；合时宜的

【例】She didn't think we were appropriately dressed for a wedding.

她认为我们的穿着不适合参加婚礼。

【近义词】suitably adv. 合适地；适宜地

【例】suitably qualified candidates 十分符合条件的人选

And other aspects of cognition, such as crystallized intelligence (accumulated knowledge that can be applied to new situations) and social cognition (behaving appropriately in interpersonal interactions), continue to improve for decades.

而认知的其他方面，如晶体智力(逐渐积累且可应用于新情况的知识)和社会认知(在人际互动中表现得体)，会在接下来的几十年里继续进步。

executive adj. 执行的；实施的；行政的

【例】chief executive officer/the executive authority 首席执行官/行政当局

【拓展】execute v. 执行；实施

【例】execute a plan/command 实施计划/执行命令

appropriately adv. 合适的；恰当的；合时宜的

【例】She didn't think we were appropriately dressed for a wedding.

她认为我们的穿着不适合参加婚礼。

【近义词】suitably adv. 合适地；适宜地

【例】suitably qualified candidates 十分符合条件的人选

Many**** of**** these cognitive processes are maintained**** and strengthened**** by**** staying in**** the work**** force.**** Consequently****,**** some**** people**** decline mentally**** and physically**** when**** they**** stop**** working.****

许多认知过程都是通过留在工作岗位而得到保持和加强的。因此，当一些人停止工作时，他们的精神和身体都会衰退。

One study even**** found that**** delaying**** retirement**** was associated**** with**** a decreased risk**** of**** death,**** regardless**** of**** health**** before**** retirement****.**** Experts speculate that**** the losses**** of**** job-related physical**** activity**** and social**** interactions**** that**** come**** with**** leaving work**** are largely to**** blame for post****-retirement**** declines****.****

一项研究甚至发现，无论退休前的健康状况如何，推迟退休与死亡风险的降低有关。专家推测，停止工作后，与工作相关的体力活动和社交活动的缺失是退休后身心衰退的主要原因。

National health and disability averages don't tell the full story, though. While some people stay sharp and continue to work into their 80s, other jobs are more physically demanding and take a toll on people's health.

然而，全国的健康水平和残疾平均水平并不能说明问题的全部。有些人一直头脑敏锐，能工作到80多岁，但还有些工作对体力的要求更高，会对人们的健康造成损害。

sharp adj.

1. 敏锐的；灵敏的

【例】a girl of sharp intelligence 聪颖的女孩

2. 清晰的

【例】a sharp image 清晰的图像

take a toll on... 对……造成重大损失

【例】The recession is taking a toll on the housing market.

经济衰退使住房市场遭受重大损失。

manual adj. 体力的；用手操作的

【例】manual worker/operation 体力劳动者/手动操作

Is your car manual or automatic? 你的车是手动档还是自动档？

【辨析】menial adj. 不需要技巧的；枯燥且报酬低的

【例】menial work like cleaning the floor 擦地板这种低级工作

"There are people who do manual labor where at age 65, they really cannot continue to do this very challenging work," Dr. Cohen said. "Their need to retire needs to be respected."

"有些从事体力劳动的人在65岁的时候就真的没办法继续做这种很有挑战性的工作了，"科恩博士说，"他们的退休需求需要得到尊重。"

sharp adj.

1. 敏锐的；灵敏的

【例】a girl of sharp intelligence 聪颖的女孩

2. 清晰的

【例】a sharp image 清晰的图像

take a toll on... 对……造成重大损失

【例】The recession is taking a toll on the housing market.

经济衰退使住房市场遭受重大损失。

manual adj. 体力的；用手操作的

【例】manual worker/operation 体力劳动者/手动操作

Is your car manual or automatic? 你的车是手动档还是自动档？

【辨析】menial adj. 不需要技巧的；枯燥且报酬低的

【例】menial work like cleaning the floor 擦地板这种低级工作

伦齐-哈蒙德博士说，对于这些类型的工作，退休实际上可以改善健康状况。"如果你的工作对你的身体不好、让你的睡眠质量很差、一直感到压力很大，那么退休对你的健康是有好处的。"

consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的

【例】She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children.

她对待孩子的方式反复无常。

【搭配】be consistent with... 与……一致

【例】His story was consistent with the facts.

他的报道与事实相符。

Life span and health-span are also not consistent across race and gender, both because of the type of work certain demographics are more likely to take part in, and the toll chronic stress from discrimination takes on the body.

不同种族和性别的人的全部寿命和健康年限也不一致，因为不同人口群体倾向于从事的工作不同，也因为歧视带来的长期压力对身体造成损害。

consistent adj. 一致的；始终如一的

【例】She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children.

她对待孩子的方式反复无常。

【搭配】be consistent with... 与……一致

【例】His story was consistent with the facts.

他的报道与事实相符。

In his research, Dr. Wettstein found that, at age 50, Black men have a working life expectancy of approximately 17 years, while white women could continue working for 24 years. "There is an equity concern there, both on the life expectancy side, and also on the working-life expectancy side," Dr. Wettstein said.

韦特斯坦博士在研究中发现，50岁的黑人男性还有约17年的预期工作年限，而白人女性则可以再继续工作24年。"这里存在着一个公平问题，无论是在预期寿命方面，还是在预期工作年限方面。"韦特斯坦博士说。

equity n. 公平；公正

【例】a society based on equity and social justice 基于公平和正义的社会

【近义词】fairness n. 公平

【辨析】equality n. 平等

【例】the principle of equality before the law 法律面前人人平等的原则

develop v. 患（病）；出现（问题）

【例】Her son developed asthma when he was two.

她的儿子两岁时患了哮喘。

The ship developed engine trouble.

轮船的发动机出了故障。

"We know that Black Americans, particularly, develop illness at earlier ages, live with more disabilities, die younger," said Dr. Lisa Cooper, director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity. "So not allowing them to retire until they're older means they're just not going to benefit from Social Security as much."

"我们知道，尤其是美国黑人，患病年龄更早，残疾程度更高，寿命更短。"约翰·霍普金斯大学健康公平研究中心主任丽莎·库珀说，"因此，不允许他们提前退休意味着他们不会从社会保障中获得太多好处。"

equity n. 公平；公正

【例】a society based on equity and social justice 基于公平和正义的社会

【近义词】fairness n. 公平

【辨析】equality n. 平等

【例】the principle of equality before the law 法律面前人人平等的原则

develop v. 患（病）；出现（问题）

【例】Her son developed asthma when he was two.

她的儿子两岁时患了哮喘。

The ship developed engine trouble.

轮船的发动机出了故障。

This is also true for people from lower income brackets and those who work in physically intense jobs, she added. As a result, Dr. Cooper said, "Raising the retirement age needs to be done with all of these issues in mind, because it's not going to affect everyone the same."

她补充说，低收入阶层和从事高强度体力工作的人也是如此。库珀博士说，因此"提高退休年龄需要考虑到所有这些问题，因为这对每个人会产生不同的影响"。

bracket n. & v.

1. 作名词：括号；范围

【例】out of the price bracket/the 30—35 age bracket

超出价格范围/30~35岁年龄组

【近义词】range n. 范围

2. 作动词：把……归入同一类；把……同等考虑

【例】He's often bracketed with the romantic poets of this period although this does not reflect the range of his work.

他通常和这一时期的浪漫派诗人归为一类，虽然这种分类没能反映他作品的多样性。

【搭配】bracket A with B/bracket A and B together 把A和B归入同一类

sustain v.

1. 维持（生命、生存）

【例】sustain life/a family 维持生命/养家

2. 使保持；使持续

【例】to sustain public interest/sustained economic growth 保持公众的兴趣/持续的经济增长

【近义词】maintain v. 维持；保持

The initial intent for Social Security when it was established in 1935 was simply to sustain people once they could no longer physically work. But another way to think of federally funded retirement is that it should reward people with a few years of leisure.

1935年建立社会保障制度时，其初衷只是为了在人们没有体力继续工作时，能维持他们的生活。但对由联邦政府资助的退休政策的另一种看法是，政府应该奖励人们几年闲暇时间。

bracket n. & v.

1. 作名词：括号；范围

【例】out of the price bracket/the 30—35 age bracket

超出价格范围/30~35岁年龄组

【近义词】range n. 范围

2. 作动词：把……归入同一类；把……同等考虑

【例】He's often bracketed with the romantic poets of this period although this does not reflect the range of his work.

他通常和这一时期的浪漫派诗人归为一类，虽然这种分类没能反映他作品的多样性。

【搭配】bracket A with B/bracket A and B together 把A和B归入同一类

sustain v.

1. 维持（生命、生存）

【例】sustain life/a family 维持生命/养家

2. 使保持；使持续

【例】to sustain public interest/sustained economic growth 保持公众的兴趣/持续的经济增长

【近义词】maintain v. 维持；保持

"我们没有充分讨论的一个领域是：人们应该得到什么？"科恩博士说。"在你还健康的时候，还能有几年好时光去做些事情、去旅游等等，这应该是国家的目标吗？"在法国，也可能在其他地方，许多人会说"是的"。

bracket n. & v.

1. 作名词：括号；范围

【例】out of the price bracket/the 30—35 age bracket

超出价格范围/30~35岁年龄组

【近义词】range n. 范围

2. 作动词：把……归入同一类；把……同等考虑

【例】He's often bracketed with the romantic poets of this period although this does not reflect the range of his work.

他通常和这一时期的浪漫派诗人归为一类，虽然这种分类没能反映他作品的多样性。

【搭配】bracket A with B/bracket A and B together 把A和B归入同一类

sustain v.

1. 维持（生命、生存）

【例】sustain life/a family 维持生命/养家

2. 使保持；使持续

【例】to sustain public interest/sustained economic growth 保持公众的兴趣/持续的经济增长

【近义词】maintain v. 维持；保持

课后练习

According to Renzi-Hammond, when people get old, ____.
A. they become incompetent for work
B. their mental faculties will weaken
C. they may suffer from brain disorders
D. their cognitive functions may strengthen
One of the reasons for post-retirement decline is that ____.
A. the previous work has exhausted people’s energy
B. people use their brains much less after retirement
C. people lack a sense of purpose after leaving work
D. the decrease of income leads to insufficient health care
Which of the following is true about retirement age for different people?
A. Manual workers need better health care to retire at the age of 70.
B. Retiring early is beneficial to health for the majority of people.
C. It is unreasonable to set the same retirement age for everyone.
D. Lower-income workers is entitled to more retirement benefits.
The alternative approach to retirement proposed by Dr. Cohen is that ____.
A. retirement benefits need to cover the cost of living
B. people don’t have to spend all their healthy years on work
C. policymakers should learn from other countries’ experience
D. the voice of people should be given more attention