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黑巧克力或可降低糖尿病风险
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黑巧克力或可降低糖尿病风险
如果你一直认为，为了保持健康，必须剥夺自己吃美味食物的权利，那么今天发表在《英国医学杂志》上的一项新研究提供了令人振奋的消息。 
双语精读
Could Dark Chocolate Reduce Your Risk of Diabetes?
黑巧克力能降低患糖尿病的风险吗？
If you've long assumed that you must deprive yourself of delicious foods in order to be healthy, a new study published today in The BMJ offers encouraging news: Eating dark chocolate has been associated with a reduced risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
如果你一直认为，为了保持健康，必须剥夺自己吃美味食物的权利，那么今天发表在《英国医学杂志》上的一项新研究提供了令人振奋的消息：吃黑巧克力与患2型糖尿病的风险降低有关。
The research did not prove that the chocolate itself was responsible for this health benefit; it could be something else about the people who ate dark chocolate that made them less likely to develop diabetes.
研究没有证明这种健康益处来自巧克力本身，可能是吃黑巧克力的人的其他因素使他们患糖尿病的可能性降低。
And dark chocolate should not be considered a "magic bullet" for preventing diabetes, said Dr. Qi Sun, an associate professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and the lead investigator on the study.
哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院营养与流行病学副教授孙琦（音译）博士是这项研究的主要研究员，他说黑巧克力也不应被视为预防糖尿病的“灵丹妙药”。
But the findings do build on a larger body of research demonstrating links between dark chocolate consumption and reduced risks of certain health conditions like high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance.
但这些发现确实建立在大量研究的基础上，这些研究表明黑巧克力的摄入与降低某些健康状况的风险之间存在联系，如高血压、心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗。
The results, Dr. Sun added, suggest that a little dark chocolate can be part of a healthy diet. What did the study find?
孙博士补充说，这些结果表明，少量黑巧克力可以成为健康饮食的一部分。这项研究发现了什么？
In the mid-1980s and early 1990s, researchers began studying three groups of predominantly white health professionals. Every four years, the more than 190,000 participants completed detailed diet questionnaires, which asked how often they consumed chocolate.
在20世纪80年代中期和90年代初期，研究人员开始研究三组主要由白人健康专业人士组成的人群。每隔四年，超过19万名参与者填写详细的饮食问卷，询问他们食用巧克力的频率。
Beginning in 2006 and 2007, depending on the group, the researchers tweaked the questionnaires to ask how often participants ate dark chocolate and milk chocolate. They followed the participants' health for up to 34 years. During that time, nearly 19,000 participants developed Type 2 diabetes.
从2006年和2007年开始，根据不同的组别，研究人员对问卷进行了调整，询问参与者吃黑巧克力和牛奶巧克力的频率。他们对参与者的健康状况进行了长达34年的跟踪调查。在那段时间里，将近19000名参与者患上了2型糖尿病。
After adjusting for other aspects of their lifestyles, such as exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking and the overall healthfulness of their diets, as well as their age and family history of diabetes, the researchers found that people who consumed at least five servings of any type of chocolate per week had a 10 percent lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared with those who rarely or never ate chocolate.
在对他们生活方式的其他方面进行调整后，例如运动、饮酒、吸烟、饮食的整体健康程度，以及他们的年龄和糖尿病家族史，研究人员发现，与很少或从未吃过巧克力的人相比，每周至少食用五份任何类型巧克力的人患2型糖尿病的风险降低了10%。
But when they drilled down into the data from the nearly 112,000 people who provided details on the types of chocolate they consumed, the researchers found an even more striking result: Those who consumed at least five servings of dark chocolate per week had a 21 percent lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes than those who consumed dark chocolate less than once per month.
但是当研究人员深入研究了近11.2万名参与者提供的关于所食用巧克力类型细节的数据时，他们发现了一个更惊人的结果：那些每周至少食用五份黑巧克力的人患2型糖尿病的风险比每月食用黑巧克力少于一次的人低21%。
The participants who consumed milk chocolate, this subsequent analysis also revealed, were not protected from Type 2 diabetes. In fact, the researchers noted, they were more likely to gain weight during the study.
后续分析也显示，食用牛奶巧克力的参与者并没有降低2型糖尿病的患病风险。事实上，研究人员指出，这些参与者在研究期间更有可能体重增加。
词汇预习
- consumption [高考]
美[kənˈsʌmpʃn] | 英[kənˈsʌmpʃn]
n. 消费；消耗；肺痨 - rarely [高考]
美[ˈrerli] | 英[ˈreəli]
adv. 很少；难得 - overall [高考]
美[ˌoʊvərˈɔːl , ˈoʊvərɔːl] | 英[ˌəʊvərˈɔːl , ˈəʊvərɔːl]
adj. 全部的；总体的；全面考虑的
adv. 总的来说；总共
n. 罩衫；工作服 - resistance [高考]
美[rɪˈzɪstəns] | 英[rɪˈzɪstəns]
n. 抵抗；抵触；反对；阻力
n. [电]阻抗 - bullet [高考]
美[ˈbʊlɪt] | 英[ˈbʊlɪt]
n. 子弹；弹丸 - data [高考]
美[ˈdeɪtə] | 英[ˈdeɪtə]
n. 数据；资料 - per [高考]
美[pər] | 英[pə(r)]
prep. 每；每一；经过；按照 - associate [高考]
美[əˈsoʊsieɪt , əˈsəʊʃieɪt] | 英[əˈsəʊsieɪt , əˈsəʊʃieɪt]
v. 联想，联系；公开支持；交往，（尤指）混在一起
n. 同事；伙伴；合伙人；准学士；副职，副手；准会员；联想
adj. 副的，准的，非正式的；联合的，有关连的 - alcohol [高考]
美[ˈælkəhɔːl] | 英[ˈælkəhɒl]
n. 酒精；酒；乙醇 - analysis [高考]
美[əˈnæləsɪs] | 英[əˈnæləsɪs]
n. 分析；解析 - nutrition [高考]
美[nuˈtrɪʃn] | 英[njuˈtrɪʃn]
n. 营养 - in order [高考]
美[ɪn 'ɔːrdər] | 英[ɪn 'ɔːdə]
整齐；秩序井然；按顺序 - lower [高考]
美[ˈloʊər] | 英[ˈləʊə(r)]
adj. 低的；下级的；下层的
v. 降低；减弱；跌落 - subsequent [高考]
美[ˈsʌbsɪkwənt] | 英[ˈsʌbsɪkwənt]
adj. 随后的；后来的 - diabetes [高考]
美[ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz] | 英[ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz]
n. 糖尿病 - deprive [四级]
美[dɪˈpraɪv] | 英[dɪˈpraɪv]
vt. 剥夺；失去；免职 - investigator [四级]
美[ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtər] | 英[ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪtə(r)]
n. 调查者；研究者；审查者 - mid [四级]
美[mɪd] | 英[mɪd]
adj. 中间的； [语]央元音的
prep. 在 ... 的中间
abbr. 移动互联网设备 (=Mobile Internet Device) - up to [四级]
美[ʌp tu] | 英[ʌp tu]
胜任；直到；多达；该由 ... 决定 - responsible for [四级]
美[rɪˈspɑnsəbəl fɔr] | 英[riˈspɔnsəbl fɔ:]
负责 是 ... 的原因 - striking [四级]
美[ˈstraɪkɪŋ] | 英[ˈstraɪkɪŋ]
adj. 显著的; 引人注目的; 容貌出众的; 妩媚动人的
v. 打( strike的现在分词); 击; 敲响; 报时 - detailed [四级]
美[dɪˈteld,ˈdiˌteld] | 英[ˈdi:teɪld]
adj. 详细的 - provided [专四]
美[prəˈvaɪdɪd] | 英[prəˈvaɪdɪd]
conj. 假如；若是
adj. 预备好的；提供的 - predominantly [考研]
美[prɪˈdɑːmɪnəntli] | 英[prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli]
adv. 主要地；占优势地；压倒性地 - insulin [托福]
美[ˈɪnsəlɪn] | 英[ˈɪnsjəlɪn]
n. 胰岛素 - noted [托福]
美[ˈnoʊtɪd] | 英[ˈnəʊtɪd]
adj. 著名的；有声望的 - less than [雅思]
美[les ðən] | 英[les ðən]
不到； 少于 - developing [雅思]
美[dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ] | 英[dɪˈveləpɪŋ]
adj. 发展中的
重点讲解
Could Dark Chocolate Reduce Your Risk of Diabetes?
黑巧克力能降低患糖尿病的风险吗？
deprive sb of sth 剥夺某人的某物
【例】The accident deprived him of his sight.
车祸剥夺了他的视力/车祸使他失明。
【拓展】deprived adj. 贫困的；被剥夺的
【例】economically deprived 经济困难的
socially deprived 被社会抛弃的
【拓展】deprivation n. 剥夺；丧失
【例】sleep deprivation 睡眠缺乏
If you’ve long assumed that you must deprive yourself of delicious foods in order to be healthy, a new study published today in The BMJ offers encouraging news: Eating dark chocolate has been associated with a reduced risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
如果你一直认为，为了保持健康，必须剥夺自己吃美味食物的权利，那么今天发表在《英国医学杂志》上的一项新研究提供了令人振奋的消息：吃黑巧克力与患2型糖尿病的风险降低有关。
deprive sb of sth 剥夺某人的某物
【例】The accident deprived him of his sight.
车祸剥夺了他的视力/车祸使他失明。
【拓展】deprived adj. 贫困的；被剥夺的
【例】economically deprived 经济困难的
socially deprived 被社会抛弃的
【拓展】deprivation n. 剥夺；丧失
【例】sleep deprivation 睡眠缺乏
The research did not prove that the chocolate itself was responsible for this health benefit; it could be something else about the people who ate dark chocolate that made them less likely to develop diabetes.
研究没有证明这种健康益处来自巧克力本身，可能是吃黑巧克力的人的其他因素使他们患糖尿病的可能性降低。
be responsible for
1. 对某事负责
【例】Parents are responsible for their children.
父母要对孩子负责。
2. 造成某事；是某事的原因
【例】Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
肺癌致死的病例中，约90%是吸烟所致。
【近义词】cause v. 造成；导致
magic bullet 神奇药丸；灵丹妙药
【例】There is no magic bullet that could quickly kill off Europe's ailments.
没有什么灵丹妙药能快速消灭欧洲的顽疾。
【近义词】elixir n. 长生不老药；灵药
silver bullet 银子弹；神奇武器
And dark chocolate should not be considered a “magic bullet” for preventing diabetes, said Dr. Qi Sun, an associate professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and the lead investigator on the study.
哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院营养与流行病学副教授孙琦（音译）博士是这项研究的主要研究员，他说黑巧克力也不应被视为预防糖尿病的“灵丹妙药”。
be responsible for
1. 对某事负责
【例】Parents are responsible for their children.
父母要对孩子负责。
2. 造成某事；是某事的原因
【例】Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.
肺癌致死的病例中，约90%是吸烟所致。
【近义词】cause v. 造成；导致
magic bullet 神奇药丸；灵丹妙药
【例】There is no magic bullet that could quickly kill off Europe's ailments.
没有什么灵丹妙药能快速消灭欧洲的顽疾。
【近义词】elixir n. 长生不老药；灵药
silver bullet 银子弹；神奇武器
But the findings do build on a larger body of research demonstrating links between dark chocolate consumption and reduced risks of certain health conditions like high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance.
但这些发现确实建立在大量研究的基础上，这些研究表明黑巧克力的摄入与降低某些健康状况的风险之间存在联系，如高血压、心血管疾病、胰岛素抵抗。
build on sth 在……基础上发展
【例】This study builds on earlier work.
这项研究是在以往工作的基础上进行的。
【拓展】build v. 建立；增强
【例】to build a brand 打造一个品牌
to build your confidence 增强你的自信心
to build your vocabulary 扩充你的词汇量
The results, Dr. Sun added, suggest that a little dark chocolate can be part of a healthy diet. What did the study find?
孙博士补充说，这些结果表明，少量黑巧克力可以成为健康饮食的一部分。这项研究发现了什么？
build on sth 在……基础上发展
【例】This study builds on earlier work.
这项研究是在以往工作的基础上进行的。
【拓展】build v. 建立；增强
【例】to build a brand 打造一个品牌
to build your confidence 增强你的自信心
to build your vocabulary 扩充你的词汇量
In the mid-1980s and early 1990s, researchers began studying three groups of predominantly white health professionals. Every four years, the more than 190,000 participants completed detailed diet questionnaires, which asked how often they consumed chocolate.
在20世纪80年代中期和90年代初期，研究人员开始研究三组主要由白人健康专业人士组成的人群。每隔四年，超过19万名参与者填写详细的饮食问卷，询问他们食用巧克力的频率。
predominantly adv. 主导地；绝大多数地
【例】She works in a predominantly male environment.
她在一个男性居多的环境里工作。
【近义词】mainly adv. 主要；大多
【拓展】predominant adj. 主导的；显著的
dominant adj. 主导的；占支配地位的
tweak v. 拧；稍微调整
【例】I think you'll have to tweak these figures a little.
我觉得你得稍微改一下这些数字。
【近义词】adjust/change v. 调整；改变
Beginning in 2006 and 2007, depending on the group, the researchers tweaked the questionnaires to ask how often participants ate dark chocolate and milk chocolate. They followed the participants’ health for up to 34 years. During that time, nearly 19,000 participants developed Type 2 diabetes.
从2006年和2007年开始，根据不同的组别，研究人员对问卷进行了调整，询问参与者吃黑巧克力和牛奶巧克力的频率。他们对参与者的健康状况进行了长达34年的跟踪调查。在那段时间里，将近19000名参与者患上了2型糖尿病。
predominantly adv. 主导地；绝大多数地
【例】She works in a predominantly male environment.
她在一个男性居多的环境里工作。
【近义词】mainly adv. 主要；大多
【拓展】predominant adj. 主导的；显著的
dominant adj. 主导的；占支配地位的
tweak v. 拧；稍微调整
【例】I think you'll have to tweak these figures a little.
我觉得你得稍微改一下这些数字。
【近义词】adjust/change v. 调整；改变
After adjusting for other aspects of their lifestyles, such as exercise, alcohol consumption, smoking and the overall healthfulness of their diets, as well as their age and family history of diabetes, the researchers found that people who consumed at least five servings of any type of chocolate per week had a 10 percent lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared with those who rarely or never ate chocolate.
在对他们生活方式的其他方面进行调整后，例如运动、饮酒、吸烟、饮食的整体健康程度，以及他们的年龄和糖尿病家族史，研究人员发现，与很少或从未吃过巧克力的人相比，每周至少食用五份任何类型巧克力的人患2型糖尿病的风险降低了10%。
serving n. 一人份；一客
【例】a serving of salad 一份沙拉
【近义词】portion n. 一份（食物）
【拓展】serve v. 上菜
But when they drilled down into the data from the nearly 112,000 people who provided details on the types of chocolate they consumed, the researchers found an even more striking result: Those who consumed at least five servings of dark chocolate per week had a 21 percent lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes than those who consumed dark chocolate less than once per month.
但是当研究人员深入研究了近11.2万名参与者提供的关于所食用巧克力类型细节的数据时，他们发现了一个更惊人的结果：那些每周至少食用五份黑巧克力的人患2型糖尿病的风险比每月食用黑巧克力少于一次的人低21%。
drill down into 向下钻取；查看更细节的信息
【例】We will drill down into the details later.
我们稍后再来具体看细节。
【近义词】zoom in 镜头拉近；看细节
【反义词】zoom out 镜头拉远；看整体
striking adj. 惊人的；引人注目的；显著的
【例】a striking success 惊人的成功
a striking change 显著的变化
【近义词】notable/prominent adj. 显著的；值得注意的
The participants who consumed milk chocolate, this subsequent analysis also revealed, were not protected from Type 2 diabetes. In fact, the researchers noted, they were more likely to gain weight during the study.
后续分析也显示，食用牛奶巧克力的参与者并没有降低2型糖尿病的患病风险。事实上，研究人员指出，这些参与者在研究期间更有可能体重增加。
subsequent adj. 随后的；后来的
【例】Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.
后来发生的事证实了我们的疑虑。
【近义词】later adj. 后来的；以后的
【反义词】previous/earlier adj. 之前的
课后练习
Why is the news brought by the new study encouraging?
A. Because it proves that most delicious foods are actually healthy.
B. Because it reveals that eating dark chocolate will help cure diabetes.
C. Because it shows that dark chocolate may be linked to a lower risk of diabetes.
D. Because it indicates that dark chocolate is a "magic bullet" for preventing diabetes.What kind of adjustment did the researchers make to the questionnaires?
A. They specified the types of chocolate consumed.
B. They started to ask about the participants' lifestyles.
C. They changed the format of the questionnaires for different groups.
D. They added questions about the frequency of chocolate consumption.One of the findings of the research is that ____.
A. people who ate any type of chocolate had a lower risk of diabetes
B. people who ate dark chocolate had a higher risk than those who ate milk chocolate
C. eating dark chocolate frequently was linked to a lower risk of diabetes than eating it rarely
D. the age and family history of diabetes had no impact on the development of Type 2 diabetesWhat can be learned about milk chocolate?
A. Consuming milk chocolate can protect people from Type 2 diabetes.
B. Participants who ate milk chocolate were more likely to lose weight.
C. The effect of eating milk chocolate is unclear according to the study.
D. Consuming milk chocolate offers less health benefit than eating dark chocolate.
