害怕关税导致涨价, 美国人开始抢购

查琳和菲尔·威林厄姆一直在考虑更换厨房里用了20年的电器，但由于突然之间未来电器价格可能上涨，他们决定现在就是换新的最佳时机。

双语精读

Americans Wrestle With How Tariffs Will Affect Their Shopping

美国人努力应对关税对购物的影响

Charlene and Phil Willingham had been thinking for a while about replacing the 20-year-old appliances in their kitchen, but with the sudden prospect of rising costs, they decided that this was the moment.

查琳和菲尔·威林厄姆一直在考虑更换厨房里用了20年的电器，但由于突然之间未来电器价格可能上涨，他们决定现在就是换新的最佳时机。

The Willinghams, both retired, turned up at a store in the suburbs of Chicago on Friday with a long shopping list: stove, refrigerator, microwave oven and dishwasher.

退休的威林厄姆夫妇在周五带着一份长长的购物清单出现在芝加哥郊区的一家商店：灶台、冰箱、微波炉、洗碗机。

"We were going to take our time to get new appliances, but now because of these tariffs, I want to get them before any price increases take place," Ms. Willingham, 64, said while shopping at the Abt Electronics store in Glenview, Ill.

“我们原本打算慢慢挑选新家电，但现在因为关税，我想在价格上涨前赶紧买好。”64岁的威林厄姆女士说，她正在伊利诺伊州格伦维尤的Abt电器商店购物。

In grocery stores, car dealerships, malls and big discount chains around the country, interviews with more than two dozen Americans this weekend showed that many were racing to figure out how to get ahead of the new tariffs plan, quickly making calculated purchases, big and small.

本周末，在全国各地的杂货店、汽车经销店、购物中心、大型折扣连锁店中，本报对超过二十位美国人的采访显示，许多人正急于研究如何在新关税计划实施前抢占先机，并迅速进行或大或小的各种精打细算的采购。

"The panic is enough to make me want to buy," Shali Santos, 28, said, after stocking up on essentials in bulk - water, soap, mouthwash - at a Costco Wholesale store in Marina del Rey, a waterfront community in Los Angeles County, and noticing that many people around her seemed to be stocking up more than usual on similar staples.

“这种恐慌足以让我想去买东西。”28岁的莎莉·桑托斯说，她在洛杉矶县的海滨社区玛丽安德尔湾的开市客批发店囤积了大量必需品（水、肥皂、漱口水），她注意到周围许多人似乎比平时囤积了更多类似的日常用品。

Others said their shopping habits were unchanged by the tariffs announcement, largely because they had patience and trust in the president's long game, and figured that any short-term pain, including potential cost increases, would work itself out. "I'm confident it will recover," Gregg Harris, 61, said as he shopped for food at a Walmart in Nashville.

其他人表示，关税宣布并未改变他们的购物习惯，主要是因为他们对总统的长远策略抱有耐心和信任，并认为包括潜在成本上涨在内的任何短期阵痛都会自行化解。“我相信物价会恢复的。”61岁的格雷格·哈里斯在纳什维尔一家沃尔玛超市购买食物时说。

Nearly all, though, expressed lingering uncertainty about exactly how these tariffs - at least a 10 percent government surcharge on nearly all goods imported into the United States as well as higher rates on goods from many countries - would play out in their daily lives.

然而，几乎所有人都对这些关税将如何影响他们的日常生活表现出挥之不去的疑虑，这些关税包括对几乎所有进口到美国的商品征收至少10%的政府附加费，以及对来自许多国家的商品征收更高税率。

How and when might prices be affected by President Trump's moves? What items might be most hard hit? Even if they knew the answers to such questions, some asked, could they really afford purchasing big-ticket items right now to avoid higher costs later?

特朗普总统的举措将如何以及何时影响价格？哪些商品可能受到最严重的打击？即便他们知道这些问题的答案，一些人也提出疑问：眼下他们真的能买得起大物件，以避免日后更高的价格吗？

The announcements of the tariffs quickly tanked global markets, dealing a blow to investment portfolios, and economists say many of the costs associated with the tariffs will be passed on to consumers. Supporters said the tariffs would ultimately bring jobs back in the United States, while opponents said they would upend the economy.

加征关税的消息迅速导致全球市场暴跌，对投资组合造成打击，经济学家表示，与关税相关的诸多成本将转嫁给消费者。支持者表示，关税最终将把就业机会带回美国，而反对者则认为这会扰乱经济。

词汇预习

• economy [高考]
  美[ɪˈkɑːnəmi] | 英[ɪˈkɒnəmi]
  n. 经济；节约
  adj. 经济的；廉价的
• largely [高考]
  美[ˈlɑːrdʒli] | 英[ˈlɑːdʒli]
  adv. 大部分；主要地
• investment [高考]
  美[ɪnˈvestmənt] | 英[ɪnˈvestmənt]
  n. 投资；投资额；投入
• oven [高考]
  美[ˈʌvn] | 英[ˈʌvn]
  n. 烤箱；烤炉
• uncertainty [高考]
  美[ʌnˈsɜːrtnti] | 英[ʌnˈsɜːtnti]
  n. 不确定；不可靠；易变
• announcement [高考]
  美[əˈnaʊnsmənt] | 英[əˈnaʊnsmənt]
  n. 通告；宣布；声明
• ultimately [高考]
  美[ˈʌltɪmətli] | 英[ˈʌltɪmətli]
  adv. 最后；最终
• figure [高考]
  美[ˈfɪɡjər] | 英[ˈfɪɡə(r)]
  n. 图形；人物；身材；体形
  v. 认为；是重要部分；是…的部分；计算（数量或成本）
• potential [高考]
  美[pəˈtenʃl] | 英[pəˈtenʃl]
  adj. 潜在的；可能的
  n. 潜力；潜能
  n. 电位；电势
• recover [高考]
  美[rɪˈkʌvər] | 英[rɪˈkʌvə(r)]
  v. 恢复；复原；重获
• Ms. [高考]
  美[mɪz] | 英[mɪz]
  n. 女士，小姐
• grocery [高考]
  美[ˈɡroʊsəri] | 英[ˈɡrəʊsəri]
  n. 杂货店
  adj. 杂货的
• discount [高考]
  美[ˈdɪskaʊnt , dɪsˈkaʊnt] | 英[ˈdɪskaʊnt , dɪsˈkaʊnt]
  n. 折扣；贴现率
  vt. 打折扣；贴现；不全信；不重视
  vi. 贴现；减息贷款
• panic [高考]
  美[ˈpænɪk] | 英[ˈpænɪk]
  n. 惊慌；恐慌
  v. 使…惊慌；感到恐慌
  adj. 恐慌的；惊慌的
• stove [高考]
  美[stoʊv] | 英[stəʊv]
  n. 炉子；窑；【主英】温室
• figure out [高考]
  美[ˈfɪɡjər aʊt] | 英[ˈfɪɡə(r) aʊt]
  vt. 算出；想出；解决；理解；断定
• thinking [高考]
  美[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] | 英[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
  n. 思考；思想
  adj. 好思考的；有理性的
• prospect [高考]
  美[ˈprɑːspekt] | 英[ˈprɒspekt , prəˈspekt]
  n. 希望；前景；景色
  v. 勘探；寻找
• would [高考]
  美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
  aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
• bulk [四级]
  美[bʌlk] | 英[bʌlk]
  n. 体积；容积；大块；大部分；大批
  adj. 散装的；大量的
  vt. 使膨胀；使成堆
  vi. 膨胀；显得重要
• short-term [四级]
  美[ˌʃɔːrt ˈtɜːrm] | 英[ˌʃɔːt ˈtɜːm]
  adj. 短期的
• unchanged [四级]
  美[ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd] | 英[ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd]
  adj. 无变化的
• get ahead [四级]
  美[ɡɛt əˈhɛd] | 英[ɡet əˈhed]
  取得进步
• trust in [四级]
  美[trʌst ɪn] | 英[trʌst in]
  相信，信任
• in bulk [四级]
  美[ɪn bʌlk] | 英[in bʌlk]
  大量； 整批散装
• dishwasher [六级]
  美[ˈdɪʃwɔːʃər] | 英[ˈdɪʃwɒʃə(r)]
  n. 洗碟机；洗碗工
• play out [六级]
  美[pleɪ aʊt] | 英[plei aut]
  n. 发生；演到终场；放出；精疲力尽
• decided [专四]
  美[dɪˈsaɪdɪd] | 英[dɪˈsaɪdɪd]
  adj. 确定的；坚决的
• stocking [专八]
  美[ˈstɑːkɪŋ] | 英[ˈstɒkɪŋ]
  n. 长袜，（女用）长筒袜
• waterfront [专八]
  美[ˈwɔtərfrʌnt] | 英[ˈwɔ:təfrʌnt]
  n. 水边地；滨水区
• surcharge [专八]
  美[ˈsɜrtʃɑrdʒ] | 英[ˈsɜ:tʃɑ:dʒ]
  n. 额外费；装载过多；改值印记
  vt. 索高价；使超载；盖改值印记
• upend [考研]
  美[ʌpˈɛnd] | 英[ʌpˈend]
  v. 竖立；颠倒；颠覆；倒立
• racing [托福]
  美[ ˈreɪsɪŋ] | 英[ˈreɪsɪŋ]
  n. 竞赛；赛马
  adj. 竞赛用的；赛马用的

重点讲解

Americans Wrestle With How Tariffs Will Affect Their Shopping

美国人努力应对关税对购物的影响

wrestle with sth  摔跤；努力应对

【例】She had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem. 

她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。

【近义词】deal with  处理；应对

battle with/grapple with  斗争；奋力应对

appliance  n. 电器

【例】electrical appliances 电器

domestic/household appliances 家用电器

【拓展】kitchenware  n. 厨具（统称）

Charlene and Phil Willingham had been thinking for a while about replacing the 20-year-old appliances in their kitchen, but with the sudden prospect of rising costs, they decided that this was the moment.

查琳和菲尔·威林厄姆一直在考虑更换厨房里用了20年的电器，但由于突然之间未来电器价格可能上涨，他们决定现在就是换新的最佳时机。

wrestle with sth  摔跤；努力应对

【例】She had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem. 

她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。

【近义词】deal with  处理；应对

battle with/grapple with  斗争；奋力应对

appliance  n. 电器

【例】electrical appliances 电器

domestic/household appliances 家用电器

【拓展】kitchenware  n. 厨具（统称）

The Willinghams, both retired, turned up at a store in the suburbs of Chicago on Friday with a long shopping list: stove, refrigerator, microwave oven and dishwasher.

退休的威林厄姆夫妇在周五带着一份长长的购物清单出现在芝加哥郊区的一家商店：灶台、冰箱、微波炉、洗碗机。

take your time to do sth  慢慢来；不急

【例】There's no rush -- take your time. 

别着急，慢慢来。

You are really taking your time, but time is running out.

你还真是不急不忙啊，快没时间了。

【反义词】be in a rush  很匆忙

race to do sth  急着做某事

“We were going to take our time to get new appliances, but now because of these tariffs, I want to get them before any price increases take place,” Ms. Willingham, 64, said while shopping at the Abt Electronics store in Glenview, Ill.

“我们原本打算慢慢挑选新家电，但现在因为关税，我想在价格上涨前赶紧买好。”64岁的威林厄姆女士说，她正在伊利诺伊州格伦维尤的Abt电器商店购物。

take your time to do sth  慢慢来；不急

【例】There's no rush -- take your time. 

别着急，慢慢来。

You are really taking your time, but time is running out.

你还真是不急不忙啊，快没时间了。

【反义词】be in a rush  很匆忙

race to do sth  急着做某事

In grocery stores, car dealerships, malls and big discount chains around the country, interviews with more than two dozen Americans this weekend showed that many were racing to figure out how to get ahead of the new tariffs plan, quickly making calculated purchases, big and small.

本周末，在全国各地的杂货店、汽车经销店、购物中心、大型折扣连锁店中，本报对超过二十位美国人的采访显示，许多人正急于研究如何在新关税计划实施前抢占先机，并迅速进行或大或小的各种精打细算的采购。

get ahead of  领先；抢在......前面

【例】An early start will get us ahead of the others. 

早一些出发将使我们走在其他人前面。

He took up jogging to get ahead of advancing years. 

他开始慢跑，以延缓衰老。

【近义词】have a head start over sb  比某人占先机

【例】Having collected the necessary ingredients gave her a head start over other cooks.

她已经拿好了所需食材，这让她比其他厨师有了先发优势。

calculated  adj. 精心计算的；故意的

【例】Her latest play is calculated to shock. 

她最新推出的剧本故意要耸人听闻。

He took a calculated risk.

他故意兵行险招。

“The panic is enough to make me want to buy,” Shali Santos, 28, said, after stocking up on essentials in bulk — water, soap, mouthwash — at a Costco Wholesale store in Marina del Rey, a waterfront community in Los Angeles County, and noticing that many people around her seemed to be stocking up more than usual on similar staples.

“这种恐慌足以让我想去买东西。”28岁的莎莉·桑托斯说，她在洛杉矶县的海滨社区玛丽安德尔湾的开市客批发店囤积了大量必需品（水、肥皂、漱口水），她注意到周围许多人似乎比平时囤积了更多类似的日常用品。

stock up on sth  备足某物

【例】People are stocking up on food before the rainstorm arrives.

在暴雨到来之前，人们正在备足食物。

【搭配】be stocked up with sth  备足了某物

【例】The fridge is stocked up with food.

冰箱里备足了食物。

【拓展】stock  n. 库存；存货

Others said their shopping habits were unchanged by the tariffs announcement, largely because they had patience and trust in the president’s long game, and figured that any short-term pain, including potential cost increases, would work itself out. “I’m confident it will recover,” Gregg Harris, 61, said as he shopped for food at a Walmart in Nashville.

其他人表示，关税宣布并未改变他们的购物习惯，主要是因为他们对总统的长远策略抱有耐心和信任，并认为包括潜在成本上涨在内的任何短期阵痛都会自行化解。“我相信物价会恢复的。”61岁的格雷格·哈里斯在纳什维尔一家沃尔玛超市购买食物时说。

work itself out  事情自己解决

【例】Don’t worry. It will work itself out.

别担心，问题会自己化解的/船到桥头自然直。

【拓展】Cross the bridge when you come to it. 

到了那一步再说。

Nearly all, though, expressed lingering uncertainty about exactly how these tariffs — at least a 10 percent government surcharge on nearly all goods imported into the United States as well as higher rates on goods from many countries — would play out in their daily lives.

然而，几乎所有人都对这些关税将如何影响他们的日常生活表现出挥之不去的疑虑，这些关税包括对几乎所有进口到美国的商品征收至少10%的政府附加费，以及对来自许多国家的商品征收更高税率。

surcharge  n. 额外费用；附加费

【例】The bakery is adding a surcharge of 50 cents to every item due to rising egg prices.

因为鸡蛋价格上涨，这家面包店对每件商品加收50美分。

【近义词】extra  n. 额外的东西

【拓展】surplus  n. 过剩量；剩余量

surpass  v. 超过

How and when might prices be affected by President Trump’s moves? What items might be most hard hit? Even if they knew the answers to such questions, some asked, could they really afford purchasing big-ticket items right now to avoid higher costs later?

特朗普总统的举措将如何以及何时影响价格？哪些商品可能受到最严重的打击？即便他们知道这些问题的答案，一些人也提出疑问：眼下他们真的能买得起大物件，以避免日后更高的价格吗？

big-ticket  adj. 花钱多的

【例】Automobile is still a big-ticket item. 

汽车仍然是昂贵的东西。

【近义词】expensive  adj. 昂贵的

deal a blow to sth  对某物造成打击

【例】Extreme weather conditions have dealt a serious blow to agriculture.

极端天气沉重打击了农业。

【近义词】hit sth hard  沉重打击某物

strike a blow against sth  对某物造成打击

The announcements of the tariffs quickly tanked global markets, dealing a blow to investment portfolios, and economists say many of the costs associated with the tariffs will be passed on to consumers. Supporters said the tariffs would ultimately bring jobs back in the United States, while opponents said they would upend the economy.

加征关税的消息迅速导致全球市场暴跌，对投资组合造成打击，经济学家表示，与关税相关的诸多成本将转嫁给消费者。支持者表示，关税最终将把就业机会带回美国，而反对者则认为这会扰乱经济。

big-ticket  adj. 花钱多的

【例】Automobile is still a big-ticket item. 

汽车仍然是昂贵的东西。

【近义词】expensive  adj. 昂贵的

deal a blow to sth  对某物造成打击

【例】Extreme weather conditions have dealt a serious blow to agriculture.

极端天气沉重打击了农业。

【近义词】hit sth hard  沉重打击某物

strike a blow against sth  对某物造成打击

课后练习

• Why did the Willinghams decide to make purchases now?

  A. Because their old appliances had broken down.
  B. Because the tariffs might lead to price increases.
  C. Because they suddenly had a large amount of money.
  D. Because the store was offering discounts on appliances.

• Some people's shopping habits are unaffected by the tariff announcement because ____.

  A. they have high incomes and don’t care about the prices
  B. they don't believe that the tariffs will have any impact
  C. they believe the price increases will be temporary
  D. they don’t need to purchase any big-ticket items

• What is the shared sentiment of the people interviewed?

  A. They are all confident that the tariffs will bring positive effects.
  B. They all believe that the tariffs will have limited impacts on their lives.
  C. They all express uncertainty about the effects of tariffs on their daily lives.
  D. They are all angry about the tariffs and firmly oppose the president's moves.

• What is supporters' argument for the tariffs?

  A. The tariffs will help improve the quality of imported goods.
  B. The tariffs will ultimately bring jobs back to the United States.
  C. The tariffs will lead to a decrease in the prices of domestic goods.
  D. The tariffs will make it easier for American companies to export products.