美国部分大学将学费削减一半(下)

即使是最老练的消费者也很难区分营销策略和真正的学费减免。通常，二者兼而有之。

双语精读

There is no definitive list of colleges that have pared back tuition.

目前还没有已经削减学费的大学的最终名单。

And it can be hard for even the most sophisticated consumer to distinguish between a marketing ploy and a real tuition reduction. Often, it is a combination.

即使是最老练的消费者也很难区分营销策略和真正的学费减免。通常，二者兼而有之。

In the last two years, several private schools have announced a tuition reset, including Lasell University in Newton, Massachusetts, Washington & Jefferson in Washington, Pennsylvania, and Roanoke College in Salem, Virginia.

在过去两年里，几所私立学校已经宣布重新设置学费，其中包括马萨诸塞州牛顿市的拉瑟尔大学、宾夕法尼亚州华盛顿的华盛顿杰斐逊学院和弗吉尼亚州塞勒姆的罗阿诺克学院。

Last year, Houghton University in Houghton, N.Y., declared itself the best-priced Christian college in the nation with its tuition cut. Fairleigh Dickinson, which has two campuses in New Jersey, announced a tuition cut of about 25 percent, effective last year.

去年，位于纽约州霍顿市的霍顿学院宣称在削减学费后，自己是全美学费最合理的基督教大学。在新泽西州有两个校区的菲尔莱狄更斯大学宣布，学费将降低约25%，从去年生效。

Its president, Christopher A. Capuano, explained in an opinion essay in The Star-Ledger that the university was reacting in part to a decline in enrollment during the pandemic and to concerns over student loan debt. But marketing also played a role.

校长克里斯托弗·A. 卡普阿诺在《明星纪事报》的一篇评论文章中解释说，该大学此举的部分原因是疫情期间招生人数下降和对学生贷款债务的担忧。但市场营销也起到了一定作用。

"Unfortunately, many students don't realize that the tuition they pay will likely be far lower than the published rate when researching the price of college and are deterred from even applying," he wrote.

他写道："不幸的是，在研究大学学费时，许多学生没有意识到他们支付的学费可能会远远低于公布的数字，从而甚至不敢申请。"

Public universities are also getting into the act.

公立大学也加入了这一行动。

Vermont State University set its in-state tuition at $9,999, an average drop of 15 percent for colleges in the system, and it cut prices for out-of-state students by 33 percent.

佛蒙特大学将本州的学费定为9999美元，系统内大学的学费平均下降了15%，而州外学生的学费则降低了33%。

Many state university systems have frozen tuition, including in New York, Virginia, Nebraska, Wisconsin, South Carolina and Tennessee. Purdue University has held tuition and fees flat since 2012.

许多州立大学系统已经冻结了学费，包括纽约州、弗吉尼亚州、内布拉斯加州、威斯康星州、南卡罗来纳州和田纳西州。普渡大学自2012年以来一直维持学杂费不变。

At private colleges, most students do not pay the list price.

在私立大学，大多数学生不支付价目表上的费用。

In a study from the National Association of College and University Business Officers, 359 private nonprofit colleges and universities reported that a vast majority -- 82.5 percent -- of undergraduates received grant aid in the 2021-22 school year.

在全国学院和大学商务办公室协会的一项研究中，359所私立非营利性学院和大学报告称，绝大多数(82.5%)的本科生在2021--22学年获得了助学金。

On average, the awards were the highest ever, covering 60.7 percent of published tuition and fees.

平均而言，这些奖学金是有史以来最高的，足够支付所公布的学杂费的60.7%。

At Colby-Sawyer, the discounts reduced the average tuition to about $12,700 from$ 46,364, according to the college. With room, board and fees, the total list price of attending has now dropped to about $36,000, from$ 63,500, according to the college.

根据科尔比-索耶学院的数据，折扣使该校的平均学费从46364美元降至约12700美元。包括食宿和各项费用在内，该校的总费用已经从6.35万美元降至3.6万美元左右。

"We're bringing the published tuition much closer to reality," said Dan Parish, the head of college advancement at Colby-Sawyer.

"我们正在让公布的学费更接近现实。"科尔比-索耶学院的大学进修主管丹·帕里什说。

词汇预习

effective [高考]
美[ɪˈfektɪv] | 英[ɪˈfektɪv]
adj. 有效的；生效的；实际的
reduction [高考]
美[rɪˈdʌkʃn] | 英[rɪˈdʌkʃn]
n. 减少；降低；减价；(化学)还原反应；(数学)约分
combination [高考]
美[ˌkɑːmbɪˈneɪʃn] | 英[ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn]
n. 结合；结合到一起的事物或人；数码组合，字码组合
grant [高考]
美[ɡrænt] | 英[ɡrɑːnt]
v. 授予，给予；承认 n. 补助金，（政府、机构的）拨款；[正式]给予，授予；合法转让
loan [高考]
美[loʊn] | 英[ləʊn]
n. 贷款；借出 v. 借；供应货款
advancement [高考]
美[ədˈvænsmənt] | 英[ədˈvɑːnsmənt]
n. 前进；进步；晋升
tuition [高考]
美[tuˈɪʃn] | 英[tjuˈɪʃn]
n. 学费；教诲；教学
rate [高考]
美[reɪt] | 英[reɪt]
n. 比率；速度；价格；费用；等级 v. 认为；估价；定等级；值得；怒斥；责骂
decline [高考]
美[dɪˈklaɪn] | 英[dɪˈklaɪn]
v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜 n. 减少，衰退
majority [高考]
美[məˈdʒɔːrəti] | 英[məˈdʒɒrəti]
n. 大多数；大部分；多数票；（获胜的）票数
distinguish [高考]
美[dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ] | 英[dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]
vt. 区别；辨认；使显著
vast [高考]
美[væst] | 英[vɑːst]
adj. 广阔的；巨大的；大量的；巨额的 n. 浩瀚；广阔无垠的空间 n. (Vast)人名；(法)瓦斯特
debt [高考]
美[det] | 英[det]
n. 债务；恩情；负债状态；义务；罪
in part [高考]
美[ɪn pɑːrt] | 英[ɪn pɑːt]
部分地
lower [高考]
美[ˈloʊər] | 英[ˈləʊə(r)]
adj. 低的；下级的；下层的 v. 降低；减弱；跌落
sophisticated [高考]
美[səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd] | 英[səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd]
adj. 老练的；精密的；复杂的；久经世故的
enrollment [四级]
美[ɛnˈroʊlmənt] | 英[ɪnˈrəʊlmənt]
n. 登记；注册；入伍；入会
decline in [四级]
美 | 英
在……方面的减少；下降
marketing [四级]
美[ˈmɑːrkɪtɪŋ] | 英[ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ]
n. 市场营销；行销
nonprofit [六级]
美[nɑnˈprɑfɪt] | 英[ˌnɒn'prɒfɪt]
adj. 非赢利的 n. 非赢利组织
according [专四]
美[ə'kɔrdɪŋ] | 英[ə'kɔːdɪŋ]
adj. 相符的；相应的；一致的 v. 给予；符合，一致；正式协议（accord的现在分词）
definitive [专八]
美[dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv] | 英[dɪˈfɪnətɪv]
adj. 权威性的；明确的；确定的；决定性的 n. 限定词
covering [托福]
美[ˈkʌvərɪŋ] | 英[ˈkʌvərɪŋ]
n. 覆盖物 adj. 掩护的；掩盖的
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上

重点讲解

There is no definitive list of colleges that have pared back tuition.

目前还没有已经削减学费的大学的最终名单。

definitive adj.

1. 最后的；不可更改的

【例】a definitive answer/verdict/victory 最终答复/判决/胜利

【近义词】definite adj. 肯定的；确定的；不会改变的

【例】Is it definite that he is leaving?

他肯定要离开吗？

2. 最完整可靠的；权威性的

【例】the definitive biography of Einstein 最完整可靠的爱因斯坦传记

pare back 逐步减小（数量或体积）；使缩小

【例】The training budget has been pared back to a minimum.

培训预算已被削减到最低限度。

【拓展】scale sth back/down 减少（数量）；缩小（规模）

And it can be hard for even the most sophisticated consumer to distinguish between a marketing ploy and a real tuition reduction. Often, it is a combination.

即使是最老练的消费者也很难区分营销策略和真正的学费减免。通常，二者兼而有之。

ploy n. （用于取胜的）计谋；策略；手段

【例】a delaying/propaganda/bargaining ploy 缓兵之计/宣传策略/讨价还价的手段

在过去两年里，几所私立学校已经宣布重新设置学费，其中包括马萨诸塞州牛顿市的拉瑟尔大学、宾夕法尼亚州华盛顿的华盛顿杰斐逊学院和弗吉尼亚州塞勒姆的罗阿诺克学院。

ploy n. （用于取胜的）计谋；策略；手段

【例】a delaying/propaganda/bargaining ploy 缓兵之计/宣传策略/讨价还价的手段

去年，位于纽约州霍顿市的霍顿学院宣称在削减学费后，自己是全美学费最合理的基督教大学。在新泽西州有两个校区的菲尔莱狄更斯大学宣布，学费将降低约25%，从去年生效。

effective adj.

1. 产生预期效果的；有效的

【例】an effective medicine/translation/use of light 有效的药物/翻译/灯光运用

2. 实际上；事实上

【例】He has now taken effective control of the country.

他目前已实际上控制了这个国家。

3. 生效的；起作用的

【例】The new speed limit on this road becomes effective from 1 June.

这条路的新限速规定自6月1日起生效。

【拓展】come into effect/take effect 生效；开始实施

Its president, Christopher A. Capuano, explained in an opinion essay in The Star-Ledger that the university was reacting in part to a decline in enrollment during the pandemic and to concerns over student loan debt. But marketing also played a role.

校长克里斯托弗·A. 卡普阿诺在《明星纪事报》的一篇评论文章中解释说，该大学此举的部分原因是疫情期间招生人数下降和对学生贷款债务的担忧。但市场营销也起到了一定作用。

enrollment n. 入学，注册，登记（人数）

【例】School enrollments are currently falling.

目前学校的注册人数在减少。

【拓展】enroll v. 招生；注册；登记

【例】The center will soon be ready to enroll candidates for the new program.

中心将很快为新课程的招生做好准备。

【近义词】register v. 登记；注册

【搭配】to register for/enroll in 3 courses 注册选读3门课程

deter v. 制止；威慑；使不敢

【例】The huge waves deterred him from going swimming.

巨浪吓得他不敢去游泳。

【搭配】deter sb from doing 使某人不敢做某事

【拓展】deterrent n./adj. 威慑因素/威慑的

【例】Hopefully his punishment will act as a deterrent to others.

对他的惩罚但愿能起到杀一儆百的作用。

"Unfortunately, many students don't realize that the tuition they pay will likely be far lower than the published rate when researching the price of college and are deterred from even applying," he wrote.

他写道："不幸的是，在研究大学学费时，许多学生没有意识到他们支付的学费可能会远远低于公布的数字，从而甚至不敢申请。"

enrollment n. 入学，注册，登记（人数）

【例】School enrollments are currently falling.

目前学校的注册人数在减少。

【拓展】enroll v. 招生；注册；登记

【例】The center will soon be ready to enroll candidates for the new program.

中心将很快为新课程的招生做好准备。

【近义词】register v. 登记；注册

【搭配】to register for/enroll in 3 courses 注册选读3门课程

deter v. 制止；威慑；使不敢

【例】The huge waves deterred him from going swimming.

巨浪吓得他不敢去游泳。

【搭配】deter sb from doing 使某人不敢做某事

【拓展】deterrent n./adj. 威慑因素/威慑的

【例】Hopefully his punishment will act as a deterrent to others.

对他的惩罚但愿能起到杀一儆百的作用。

Public universities are also getting into the act.

公立大学也加入了这一行动。

get into/in on the act （为了得到好处）加入，参与

【例】Other publishers wanted to get in on the act and publish their own line of children's books.

其他出版商也想加入进来，出版自己的童书系列。

【拓展】和act相关的其他词组：

1. get your act together 集中精力；打起精神

（英文释义：to organize yourself and your activities in a more effective way in order to achieve sth）

【例】He needs to get his act together if he's going to pass.

要是他想合格，就必须集中精力。

2. a hard act to follow 令人望尘莫及的人或事

（英文释义：a person who is so good or successful at sth that it will be difficult for anyone else to be as good or successful）

【例】It remains his best-known book, and must have been a hard act to follow.

这一直是他最出名的著作，而且之后的书很难超越它。

Vermont State University set its in-state tuition at $9,999, an average drop of 15 percent for colleges in the system, and it cut prices for out-of-state students by 33 percent.

佛蒙特大学将本州的学费定为9999美元，系统内大学的学费平均下降了15%，而州外学生的学费则降低了33%。

get into/in on the act （为了得到好处）加入，参与

【例】Other publishers wanted to get in on the act and publish their own line of children's books.

其他出版商也想加入进来，出版自己的童书系列。

【拓展】和act相关的其他词组：

1. get your act together 集中精力；打起精神

（英文释义：to organize yourself and your activities in a more effective way in order to achieve sth）

【例】He needs to get his act together if he's going to pass.

要是他想合格，就必须集中精力。

2. a hard act to follow 令人望尘莫及的人或事

（英文释义：a person who is so good or successful at sth that it will be difficult for anyone else to be as good or successful）

【例】It remains his best-known book, and must have been a hard act to follow.

这一直是他最出名的著作，而且之后的书很难超越它。

Many state university systems have frozen tuition, including in New York, Virginia, Nebraska, Wisconsin, South Carolina and Tennessee. Purdue University has held tuition and fees flat since 2012.

许多州立大学系统已经冻结了学费，包括纽约州、弗吉尼亚州、内布拉斯加州、威斯康星州、南卡罗来纳州和田纳西州。普渡大学自2012年以来一直维持学杂费不变。

freeze v.

1. （因害怕等）不动，停住；惊呆

【例】I froze with terror as the door slowly opened.

门慢慢开启时我吓呆了。

2. 使固定不动

【例】Salaries have been frozen for the current year.

今年的工资已冻结。

flat adj.

1. 无涨落的；固定的

【例】a flat fare of ten cents a ride 每次乘车一美分的固定车费

2. 不景气的；萧条的

【例】The housing market has been flat for the past year.

房屋市场过去一年处于低迷状态。

At private colleges, most students do not pay the list price.

在私立大学，大多数学生不支付价目表上的费用。

grant n. & v.

1. 作名词：拨款；补助金

【例】student/research grants 助学金/研究经费

【近义词】appropriation n. 拨款；专款

2. 作动词：（正式地或法律上）同意；允许

【例】The bank finally granted me a £500 loan.

银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。

cover v. 足以支付

【例】cover the expenses/costs 支付费用/赚回成本

在全国学院和大学商务办公室协会的一项研究中，359所私立非营利性学院和大学报告称，绝大多数(82.5%)的本科生在2021--22学年获得了助学金。

grant n. & v.

1. 作名词：拨款；补助金

【例】student/research grants 助学金/研究经费

【近义词】appropriation n. 拨款；专款

2. 作动词：（正式地或法律上）同意；允许

【例】The bank finally granted me a £500 loan.

银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。

cover v. 足以支付

【例】cover the expenses/costs 支付费用/赚回成本

On average, the awards were the highest ever, covering 60.7 percent of published tuition and fees.

平均而言，这些奖学金是有史以来最高的，足够支付所公布的学杂费的60.7%。

grant n. & v.

1. 作名词：拨款；补助金

【例】student/research grants 助学金/研究经费

【近义词】appropriation n. 拨款；专款

2. 作动词：（正式地或法律上）同意；允许

【例】The bank finally granted me a £500 loan.

银行终于同意给我贷款500英镑。

cover v. 足以支付

【例】cover the expenses/costs 支付费用/赚回成本

At Colby-Sawyer, the discounts reduced the average tuition to about $12,700 from$ 46,364, according to the college. With room, board and fees, the total list price of attending has now dropped to about $36,000, from$ 63,500, according to the college.

根据科尔比-索耶学院的数据，折扣使该校的平均学费从46364美元降至约12700美元。包括食宿和各项费用在内，该校的总费用已经从6.35万美元降至3.6万美元左右。

board n. & v.

1. 作名词：（旅馆、招待所等提供的）伙食

【例】board and lodging/full board 食宿/三餐伙食

【拓展】accommodations n. 食宿

【例】$950 for a week-long trip including accommodations 包括吃住在内的950 美元的一周旅行费用

【搭配】boarders and day pupils/students 寄宿生和走读生

2. 作动词：付费（在某人家里）食宿

【例】During his stay in England he boarded with a family in Bath.

他在英国的时候，寄宿在巴斯的一户人家里。

"We're bringing the published tuition much closer to reality," said Dan Parish, the head of college advancement at Colby-Sawyer.

"我们正在让公布的学费更接近现实。"科尔比-索耶学院的大学进修主管丹·帕里什说。

board n. & v.

1. 作名词：（旅馆、招待所等提供的）伙食

【例】board and lodging/full board 食宿/三餐伙食

【拓展】accommodations n. 食宿

【例】$950 for a week-long trip including accommodations 包括吃住在内的950 美元的一周旅行费用

【搭配】boarders and day pupils/students 寄宿生和走读生

2. 作动词：付费（在某人家里）食宿

【例】During his stay in England he boarded with a family in Bath.

他在英国的时候，寄宿在巴斯的一户人家里。

课后练习

According to the text, the tuition reset is ____.
A. uncommon among colleges
B. a dubious marketing strategy
C. favorable to outstanding students
D. an act of mixed purposes
According to Christopher A. Capuano, the tuition cut ____.
A. was aimed to increase its enrollments
B. resulted from the insufficient student loan
C. would attract media coverage of the school
D. was based on extensive research on colleges
Which of the following is true about public universities?
A. The tuition fees were the same for in- and out-of-state students.
B. Some public universities were preventing tuition from increasing.
C. Public universities were exploring new standards of tuition fees.
D. The decline in enrollment led to a persistent shortage of funding.
The study from the National Association of College and University Business Officers shows that in private colleges ____.
A. most students pay a small share of the published prices
B. a large amount of funds come from government grants
C. merit awards are higher in schools with high list prices
D. the published tuition fees can reflect the actual payment