为什么人们爱听悲伤的音乐(下)

我们爱听悲伤的音乐，不是出于对悲伤的直接欣赏，而是出于对彼此之间联系的欣赏。

双语精读

In the second part of the experiment, involving 450 new subjects, the researchers gave each participant 72 descriptions of emotional songs, which expressed feelings including "contempt," "narcissism," "inspiration" and "lustfulness."

实验的第二部分有450名新受试者，研究人员给每位受试者描述了72首深情歌曲，这些歌曲表达了"轻蔑""自恋""鼓舞"和"爱欲"等情感。

For comparison, they also gave participants prompts that described a conversational interaction in which someone expressed their feelings. (For example: "An acquaintance is talking to you about their week and expresses feelings of wistfulness.")

为了进行比较，研究人员还给受试者提供了一些描述对话互动的提示语，在对话互动中，某人表达了自己的感受。（例如："一位熟人正在和你聊他过去一周的事，并表达了怀念的感觉。"）

On the whole, the emotions that subjects felt were deeply rooted to "what music is all about" were also those that made people feel more connected to one another in conversation: love, joy, loneliness, sadness, ecstasy, calmness, sorrow.

总体而言，受试者认为深深植根于"音乐本质"的那些情感，也是在交谈中让人感觉自己与他人联系更紧密的情感：爱、欢乐、孤独、悲伤、狂喜、平静、悲痛。

Mario Attie-Picker, a philosopher at Loyola University Chicago who helped lead the research, found the results compelling.

芝加哥洛约拉大学的哲学家马里奥·阿蒂-皮克帮助领导了这项研究，他认为结果很有说服力。

After considering the data, he proposed a relatively simple idea: Maybe we listen to music not for an emotional reaction -- many subjects reported that sad music, albeit artistic, was not particularly enjoyable -- but for the sense of connection to others.

在考虑了这些数据后，他提出了一个相对简单的说法：也许我们听音乐不是为了产生某种情感--许多受试者报告说，悲伤的音乐虽然很有艺术性，但并不让人感到很愉快--而是为了体会到与他人建立联系的感觉。

Applied to the paradox of sad music: Our love of the music is not a direct appreciation of sadness, it's an appreciation of connection. Dr. Knobe and Dr. Venkatesan were quickly on board.

把这个说法应用于悲伤音乐悖论：我们爱听悲伤的音乐，不是出于对悲伤的直接欣赏，而是出于对彼此之间联系的欣赏。诺布博士和文卡蒂森博士立即表示同意。

"I'm a believer already," Dr. Eerola said when he was alerted to the study. In his own research, he has found that particularly empathetic people are more likely to be moved by unfamiliar sad music.

"我已经很相信这种说法了，"当埃罗拉博士被告知这项研究时，他说。在他自己的研究中，他发现特别有共情能力的人更有可能被没听过的悲伤音乐打动。

"They're willing to engage in this kind of fictional sadness that the music is bringing them," he said. These people also display more significant hormonal changes in response to sad music.

"他们愿意参与到音乐带来的这种虚构的悲伤之中。"他说。这些人在听到悲伤的音乐时，也会表现出更显著的荷尔蒙变化。

But sad music is layered -- it's an onion -- and this explanation prompts more questions. With whom are we connecting? The artist? Our past selves? An imaginary person?

但悲伤的音乐有多重层次--它像一个洋葱--这种解释又引发了更多的问题。我们在与谁建立联系？那个艺术家？过去的自己？一个想象中的人？

And how can sad music be "all about" anything? Doesn't the power of art derive, in part, from its ability to transcend summary, to expand experience?

怎么可以说悲伤的音乐"本质上"就是某种东西呢？艺术的部分力量不就是源于它超越总结、拓展体验的能力吗？

One by one, the researchers acknowledged the complexity of their subject, and the limitations of existing work. And then Dr. Attie-Picker offered a less philosophical argument for their results: "It just feels right," he said.

一个又一个的研究人员承认了这一课题的复杂性，以及现有研究的局限性。然后阿蒂-皮克博士为这些结果提出了一个不那么有哲理的观点："（悲伤的音乐）听起来就是感觉很对。"他说。

词汇预习

participant [高考]
美[pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt] | 英[pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt]
n. 参与者
particularly [高考]
美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]
adv. 特别；尤其；详细地
emotional [高考]
美[ɪˈmoʊʃənl] | 英[ɪˈməʊʃənl]
adj. 感情的；情绪的
response [高考]
美[rɪˈspɑːns] | 英[rɪˈspɒns]
n. 反应；回答；响应；答复
inspiration [高考]
美[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn] | 英[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn]
n. 灵感；鼓舞人心(的东西)；吸气
significant [高考]
美[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt] | 英[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]
adj. 重要的；有意义的；意味深长的；显著的
relatively [高考]
美[ˈrelətɪvli] | 英[ˈrelətɪvli]
adv. 相对地；比较地
reaction [高考]
美[riˈækʃn] | 英[riˈækʃn]
n. 反应；生理反应；反应能力；复旧；反动；化学反应
comparison [高考]
美[kəmˈpærɪsn] | 英[kəmˈpærɪsn]
n. 比较；比喻
artistic [高考]
美[ɑːrˈtɪstɪk] | 英[ɑːˈtɪstɪk]
adj. 艺术的
engage [高考]
美[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] | 英[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ]
v. 答应，预定，使忙碌，雇佣，订婚，啮合；吸引住（注意力、兴趣）
interaction [高考]
美[ˌɪntəˈrækʃən] | 英[ˌɪntərˈækʃən]
n. 相互作用；相互影响；互动交流
philosopher [高考]
美[fəˈlɑːsəfər] | 英[fəˈlɒsəfə(r)]
n. 哲学家；思想家；达观者
conversational [高考]
美[ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənl] | 英[ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃənl]
adj. 会话的；对话的；健谈的
complexity [高考]
美[kəmˈpleksəti] | 英[kəmˈpleksəti]
n. 复杂；复杂性；复杂的事物
imaginary [高考]
美[ɪˈmædʒɪneri] | 英[ɪˈmædʒɪnəri]
adj. 想象的；虚构的
empathetic [高考]
美[empə'θetɪk] | 英[empə'θetɪk]
adj. 移情作用的；感情移入的
data [高考]
美[ˈdeɪtə] | 英[ˈdeɪtə]
n. 数据；资料
explanation [高考]
美[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn] | 英[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn]
n. 解释；说明
expand [高考]
美[ɪkˈspænd] | 英[ɪkˈspænd]
v. 使 ... 膨胀；详述；扩张；增加；张开
sorrow [高考]
美[ˈsɑːroʊ] | 英[ˈsɒrəʊ]
n. 悲伤；悲痛；懊悔；伤心事 vi. 悲伤；惋惜；悔恨
appreciation [高考]
美[əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn] | 英[əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn]
n. 欣赏；感激；鉴识；评价；增值
summary [高考]
美[ˈsʌməri] | 英[ˈsʌməri]
n. 摘要；总结 adj. 简略的；概要的；即决的
acquaintance [高考]
美[əˈkweɪntəns] | 英[əˈkweɪntəns]
n. 熟人；相识；了解
in part [高考]
美[ɪn pɑːrt] | 英[ɪn pɑːt]
部分地
on board [高考]
美[ɑːn bɔːrd] | 英[ɒn bɔːd]
在船（车或飞机）上
engage in [高考]
美[ɪn'gedʒ ɪn] | 英[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ in]
从事；参加
in response [高考]
美[ɪn rɪˈspɑns] | 英[in riˈspɔns]
作为回答
derive [四级]
美[dɪˈraɪv] | 英[dɪˈraɪv]
v. 获取；得自；起源
contempt [四级]
美[kənˈtempt] | 英[kənˈtempt]
n. 轻视；轻蔑
loneliness [四级]
美[ˈloʊnlinəs] | 英[ˈləʊnlinəs]
n. 孤独；寂寞
philosophical [四级]
美[ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪkl] | 英[ˌfɪləˈsɒfɪkl]
adj. 哲学的；达观的
calmness [四级]
美['kɑmnəs] | 英['kɑ:mnəs]
n. 平静；镇静；冷静
paradox [四级]
美[ˈpærədɑːks] | 英[ˈpærədɒks]
n. 悖论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的话
but for [四级]
美[bʌt fɔːr] | 英[bʌt fɔː]
要不是，倘没有
existing [四级]
美[ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ] | 英[ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ]
adj. 现存的；现有的
considering [四级]
美[kənˈsɪdərɪŋ] | 英[kənˈsɪdərɪŋ]
prep. 鉴于；考虑到 conj. 就 ... 而言
fictional [六级]
美[ ˈfɪkʃənl] | 英[ˈfɪkʃənl]
adj. 虚构的；小说的
transcend [六级]
美[trænˈsend] | 英[trænˈsend]
v. 超越；胜过
kind of [六级]
美[kaɪnd ʌv] | 英[kaind ɔv]
adv. 有点儿
compelling [专四]
美[kəmˈpelɪŋ] | 英[kəmˈpelɪŋ]
adj. 引人注目的；紧迫的；令人信服的
felt [专八]
美[fɛlt] | 英[felt]
n. 毛毡；毡制品 vt. 制毡；使粘结 vi. 毡合
ecstasy [专八]
美[ˈekstəsi] | 英[ˈekstəsi]
n. 狂喜；入迷 n. 摇头丸
hormonal [托福]
美[hɔ'moʊnl] | 英[hɔ:'məʊnl]
adj. 荷尔蒙的；激素的

重点讲解

In the second part of the experiment, involving 450 new subjects, the researchers gave each participant 72 descriptions of emotional songs, which expressed feelings including "contempt," "narcissism," "inspiration" and "lustfulness."

实验的第二部分有450名新受试者，研究人员给每位受试者描述了72首深情歌曲，这些歌曲表达了"轻蔑""自恋""鼓舞"和"爱欲"等情感。

contempt n. 轻蔑；蔑视

【例】How could she have loved a man who so clearly held her in contempt?

她怎么能爱上一个对她不屑一顾的人呢？

【拓展】contemptuous adj. 蔑视的；轻蔑的

为了进行比较，研究人员还给受试者提供了一些描述对话互动的提示语，在对话互动中，某人表达了自己的感受。（例如："一位熟人正在和你聊他过去一周的事，并表达了怀念的感觉。"）

wistful adj. （对过往或不可能之事的）伤感，怀恋

【例】I thought about those days in Spain and grew wistful.

我想起在西班牙度过的那些日子，不禁感到有些伤感。

【近义词】nostalgic adj. 怀旧的

On the whole, the emotions that subjects felt were deeply rooted to "what music is all about" were also those that made people feel more connected to one another in conversation: love, joy, loneliness, sadness, ecstasy, calmness, sorrow.

总体而言，受试者认为深深植根于"音乐本质"的那些情感，也是在交谈中让人感觉自己与他人联系更紧密的情感：爱、欢乐、孤独、悲伤、狂喜、平静、悲痛。

root n. & v.

1. 作名词：根；根茎

【例】take root/pull sth up by the roots 生根，深入人心/连根拔起

2. 作动词：生根；扎根

【例】root out/up corruption 根除腐败现象

Mario Attie-Picker, a philosopher at Loyola University Chicago who helped lead the research, found the results compelling.

芝加哥洛约拉大学的哲学家马里奥·阿蒂-皮克帮助领导了这项研究，他认为结果很有说服力。

compelling adj.

1. 引人入胜的；非常吸引人的

【例】The film was so compelling I could scarcely take my eyes off the screen for a second.

电影太吸引人了，我连一秒钟都不想把眼睛从荧幕上移开。

2. 非常强烈的；不可抗拒的

【例】a compelling desire/advice 强烈的渴望/无法拒绝的建议

【近义词】irresistible adj. 无法抗拒的

3. 有说服力的

【例】a compelling reason/argument/evidence 令人信服的理由/有力的论点/有说服力的证据

【拓展】compel v. 强迫；使必须

在考虑了这些数据后，他提出了一个相对简单的说法：也许我们听音乐不是为了产生某种情感--许多受试者报告说，悲伤的音乐虽然很有艺术性，但并不让人感到很愉快--而是为了体会到与他人建立联系的感觉。

compelling adj.

1. 引人入胜的；非常吸引人的

【例】The film was so compelling I could scarcely take my eyes off the screen for a second.

电影太吸引人了，我连一秒钟都不想把眼睛从荧幕上移开。

2. 非常强烈的；不可抗拒的

【例】a compelling desire/advice 强烈的渴望/无法拒绝的建议

【近义词】irresistible adj. 无法抗拒的

3. 有说服力的

【例】a compelling reason/argument/evidence 令人信服的理由/有力的论点/有说服力的证据

【拓展】compel v. 强迫；使必须

Applied to the paradox of sad music: Our love of the music is not a direct appreciation of sadness, it's an appreciation of connection. Dr. Knobe and Dr. Venkatesan were quickly on board.

把这个说法应用于悲伤音乐悖论：我们爱听悲伤的音乐，不是出于对悲伤的直接欣赏，而是出于对彼此之间联系的欣赏。诺布博士和文卡蒂森博士立即表示同意。

on board

1. 在船上（飞机上，火车上等）

【例】When everybody was on board, the ship sailed.

等所有的人都上了船, 船启航了。

2. 使加入；拉某人上船；获得支持

【例】Let's bring Rob on board for the Saudi deal -- he's the expert.

要做沙特阿拉伯这单生意，我们把罗伯也拉进来吧，他是这方面的专家。

We must get more sponsors on board.

我们必须获得更多赞助商的支持。

【拓展】across the board 全体；整体；全面

【例】The company offered pay rise across the board.

公司给全体员工涨了工资。

"I'm a believer already," Dr. Eerola said when he was alerted to the study. In his own research, he has found that particularly empathetic people are more likely to be moved by unfamiliar sad music.

"我已经很相信这种说法了，"当埃罗拉博士被告知这项研究时，他说。在他自己的研究中，他发现特别有共情能力的人更有可能被没听过的悲伤音乐打动。

alert v.

1. 报警；使警觉

【例】Alerted by a noise downstairs, he sat up and turned on the light.

楼下的响声使他警觉，他坐起来打开灯。

2. 使意识到；通知

【例】His visit alerted us that something had happened.

他的来访使我们感到出了什么事。

【搭配】alert sb to sth 使某人意识到某事；警示某人发生了某事

fictional adj. 虚构的

【例】a fictional character 一个虚构的人物

【反义词】real-life adj. 真实的；实际发生的

"They're willing to engage in this kind of fictional sadness that the music is bringing them," he said. These people also display more significant hormonal changes in response to sad music.

"他们愿意参与到音乐带来的这种虚构的悲伤之中。"他说。这些人在听到悲伤的音乐时，也会表现出更显著的荷尔蒙变化。

alert v.

1. 报警；使警觉

【例】Alerted by a noise downstairs, he sat up and turned on the light.

楼下的响声使他警觉，他坐起来打开灯。

2. 使意识到；通知

【例】His visit alerted us that something had happened.

他的来访使我们感到出了什么事。

【搭配】alert sb to sth 使某人意识到某事；警示某人发生了某事

fictional adj. 虚构的

【例】a fictional character 一个虚构的人物

【反义词】real-life adj. 真实的；实际发生的

But sad music is layered -- it's an onion -- and this explanation prompts more questions. With whom are we connecting? The artist? Our past selves? An imaginary person?

但悲伤的音乐有多重层次--它像一个洋葱--这种解释又引发了更多的问题。我们在与谁建立联系？那个艺术家？过去的自己？一个想象中的人？

derive from

1. 起源于；来自

【例】The river derives its name from an Indian chief.

那条河的名字来自一个印第安酋长的名字。

2. 从……中获得

【例】He derived great pleasure from painting.

他从绘画中得到极大的乐趣。

transcend v. 超越；超出界限之上

【例】Her songs transcended language barriers and brought everyone together.

她的歌曲超越了语言的界限，让所有人团结在一起。

【辨析】exceed v. 超过（数量，法律限制等）

And how can sad music be "all about" anything? Doesn't the power of art derive, in part, from its ability to transcend summary, to expand experience?

怎么可以说悲伤的音乐"本质上"就是某种东西呢？艺术的部分力量不就是源于它超越总结、拓展体验的能力吗？

derive from

1. 起源于；来自

【例】The river derives its name from an Indian chief.

那条河的名字来自一个印第安酋长的名字。

2. 从……中获得

【例】He derived great pleasure from painting.

他从绘画中得到极大的乐趣。

transcend v. 超越；超出界限之上

【例】Her songs transcended language barriers and brought everyone together.

她的歌曲超越了语言的界限，让所有人团结在一起。

【辨析】exceed v. 超过（数量，法律限制等）

One by**** one,**** the researchers acknowledged**** the complexity**** of**** their subject,**** and the limitations of**** existing**** work****.**** And then**** Dr****.**** Attie-Picker**** offered a less**** philosophical argument**** for their results:**** "It just**** feels right," he**** said****.****

一个又一个的研究人员承认了这一课题的复杂性，以及现有研究的局限性。然后阿蒂-皮克博士为这些结果提出了一个不那么有哲理的观点："（悲伤的音乐）听起来就是感觉很对。"他说。

课后练习

The second part of Dr. Knobe’s experiment shows that ____.
A. people dislike the songs that convey negative emotions
B. people have stronger feelings of music after talking with others
C. people prefer the songs that are liked by other people
D. people seek interpersonal bonds when they listen to music
According to Mario Attie-Picker, the attraction of sad music lies in ____.
A. the pleasure of beautiful melody
B. the release of emotions
C. the shared feelings between people
D. the relief of sadness
According to Dr. Eerola, ____.
A. the appreciation of sad music may indicate empathy
B. unfamiliar music is more moving than familiar ones
C. it requires some imagination to appreciate sad music
D. people’s response to music is affected by hormones
Which of the following is true about the studies of sad music?
A. They fail to reach any valid conclusion.
B. There is much scope for further exploration.
C. They prove that music defies scientific analysis.
D. They solve the puzzle by taking a philosophical approach.