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印度医生疲惫不堪, 还要担心自身安全(Worked to the Bone, India’s Doctors Fear for Their Safety, Too)
- Authors
疲惫的医生们在拥挤的、没有上锁的值班室里休息，两个人挤在一张单人床上补觉。懊恼的病人家属愤怒地质疑医生的诊断。
双语精读
Worked to the Bone, India's Doctors Fear for Their Safety, Too
印度医生累到骨头散架，还要担心自身安全
Exhausted doctors resting in crowded on-call rooms with no locks, two to a single bed. Frustrated relatives of patients angrily challenging a physician's diagnosis.
疲惫的医生们在拥挤的、没有上锁的值班室里休息，两个人挤在一张单人床上补觉。懊恼的病人家属愤怒地质疑医生的诊断。
Too few security guards to keep the peace. These are everyday realities in Indian government hospitals.
保安太少，无法维持秩序。这些是印度公立医院的日常。
Young doctors describe multiday shifts and harrowing working conditions in rooms and wards often lacking in safety and hygiene, where learning is frequently interrupted by the crushing load of urgent cases.
年轻医生们描述了一连上好几天班以及令人痛苦的工作环境，房间和病房往往缺乏安全和卫生保障，学习也经常被紧急病例带来的沉重工作负荷所打断。
Their plight has come to light in recent weeks after the rape and murder in Kolkata of a 31-year-old junior doctor who had been resting after a grueling 36-hour shift.
最近几周，印度医生们的困境因为加尔各答的一起案子而为人所知，一名31岁的初级医生在上了令人精疲力尽的36小时班后，在休息时被强奸且杀害。
State-run hospitals are the main providers of health care for those at the bottom of the economic ladder in India. The public network consists of primary health care centers as well as top research and training institutes.
公立医院是给印度的经济底层人群提供医疗保健的主要机构。公立医疗网络由初级医疗保健中心和顶级研究培训院校组成。
Although there are thousands of private hospitals that typically have better facilities, they tend to be expensive and do not necessarily employ the best doctors. Many young doctors who want to specialize in a certain field of medicine join government-backed medical colleges and teaching hospitals.
虽然有成千上万的通常拥有更好设施的私立医院，但私立医院往往价格昂贵，而且不一定雇用最好的医生。许多想专攻某一医学领域的年轻医生会加入政府支持的医学院和教学医院。
However, highly trained doctors tend to cluster around cities and in states that have more medical colleges and teaching hospitals, which leaves large areas of rural and small-town India without easy access to health services, especially for complex diseases like cancer, studies have found.
然而，研究发现，训练有素的医生往往集中在拥有更多医学院和教学医院的各大城市和邦，这使得印度广大农村和小镇地区难以获得医疗服务，尤其是对于癌症等复杂疾病。
City hospitals are left with many more patients than they are equipped to handle.
城市医院里的病人太多，超出了所配备医生们的处理能力。
The combination of overwhelmed doctors and irate patients can create a tinderbox. The sheer number of patients makes it incredibly tough, said Dr. Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay, a cardiologist.
不堪重负的医生和愤怒的患者结合在一起，可能会让情况变成一触即发的火药桶。心脏病专家杜巴吉欧提·班迪奥帕迪亚医生说，患者的数量之多使工作变得异常艰难。
"People from villages and slums come to the hospital, so in a day in an O.P.D. we used to see 400 patients, which is not possible for two to three people," he said, referring to the outpatient department.
“来自村庄和贫民窟的人们都来医院看病，所以在OPD我们一天要看400个病人，两三个人是看不过来的。”他说，OPD指的是门诊部。
Once during his residency, Dr. Bandyopadhyay administered CPR to an 80-year-old man in an emergency room after his pulse stopped but was unable to save him.
在他当住院医期间，班迪奥帕迪亚医生在急诊室为一名脉搏停止跳动的80岁男子进行心肺复苏术，但未能挽救他的生命。
The patient's relatives then started accusing him of killing the man by pumping his chest for half an hour. "All of a sudden, 50-plus people gathered and started shouting and verbally abusing us," he said. "There was no one to protect us."
病人的家属随后开始指责他按压了病人胸部半小时而杀死了病人。“突然之间，50多个人围起来，开始吼叫和辱骂我们，”班迪奥帕迪亚医生说，“但是没有任何人能保护我们。”
词汇预习
economic [高考]
美[ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪk] | 英[ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk]
adj. 经济的，经济学的；有利可图的；节约的
frequently [高考]
美[ˈfriːkwəntli] | 英[ˈfriːkwəntli]
adv. 频繁地；经常地
shift [高考]
美[ʃɪft] | 英[ʃɪft]
v. 移动；改变；换挡；字型转换 n. 轮班；变化；移动；计谋；轮班职工
combination [高考]
美[ˌkɑːmbɪˈneɪʃn] | 英[ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn]
n. 结合；结合到一起的事物或人；数码组合，字码组合
typically [高考]
美[ˈtɪpɪkli] | 英[ˈtɪpɪkli]
adv. 典型地；代表性地；通常，一般；不出所料地
specialize [高考]
美[ˈspeʃəlaɪz] | 英[ˈspeʃəlaɪz]
v. 专攻
handle [高考]
美[ˈhændl] | 英[ˈhændl]
v. 处理；对待；操作；触；买卖 n. 把手；柄
complex [高考]
美[kəmˈpleks , ˈkɑːmpleks] | 英[ˈkɒmpleks]
adj. 复杂的；合成的；复合的 n. 综合体；复合体；[医]综合症状；[心]情结
access [高考]
美[ˈækses] | 英[ˈækses]
n.入口，通道；获得的机会，使用权；（对计算机存储器的）访问，存取；（情感）爆发，发作；探视权 v. 接近，进入；获取，访问（计算机信息） adj.[美]（电视节目或时间等）对外公开的
tough [高考]
美[tʌf] | 英[tʌf]
adj. 强硬的；棘手的，难办的；艰苦的；严厉的；牢固的，强壮的；坚强的，坚韧的 adv. 以强硬的态度；强硬地，顽强地 n. 暴徒; 恶棍
security [高考]
美[sɪˈkjʊrəti] | 英[sɪˈkjʊərəti]
n. 安全；保证；证券；债券；抵押；防护措施
employ [高考]
美[ɪmˈplɔɪ] | 英[ɪmˈplɔɪ]
v. 雇佣；使用
emergency [高考]
美[iˈmɜːrdʒənsi] | 英[iˈmɜːdʒənsi]
n. 突发事件；紧急状态 adj. 应急的；紧急的；备用的
urgent [高考]
美[ˈɜːrdʒənt] | 英[ˈɜːdʒənt]
adj. 紧急的；急迫的；坚持要求的
plus [高考]
美[plʌs] | 英[plʌs]
prep. 加；加上 adj. 正的；超过的 n. 正数；加号；优势 conj. 并且
load [高考]
美[loʊd] | 英[ləʊd]
n. 负荷；重担；装载量 v. 装载；给(枪)装子弹；[计算机] 装入
physician [高考]
美[fɪˈzɪʃn] | 英[fɪˈzɪʃn]
n. 内科医生
pulse [高考]
美[pʌls] | 英[pʌls]
n. [电子] 脉冲；脉搏 v. 使跳动，跳动，脉跳
access to [高考]
美[ˈæksɛs tu] | 英[ˈækses tu:]
接近，有权使用；进入，通向…的路口
outpatient [高考]
美[ˈaʊtpeɪʃnt] | 英[ˈaʊtpeɪʃnt]
n. 门诊病人
rape [高考]
美[reɪp] | 英[reɪp]
n. 强奸；蹂躏；破坏 v. 强奸；掠夺；蹂躏
sheer [高考]
美[ʃɪr] | 英[ʃɪə(r)]
adj. 极轻薄的；陡峭的；全然的 adv. 垂直地 v. 避开；转向 n. 偏航；透明薄织物
challenging [高考]
美[ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] | 英[ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ]
adj. 挑战性的；有吸引力的
where [高考]
美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]
adv. 在哪里；在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方
necessarily [四级]
美[ˌnesəˈserəli] | 英[ˌnesəˈserəli]
adv. 必然地；必定地；必需地
incredibly [四级]
美[ɪnˈkredəbli] | 英[ɪnˈkredəbli]
adv. 极其；难以置信地
diagnosis [四级]
美[ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪs] | 英[ˌdaɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs]
n. 诊断，判断
come to [四级]
美[kʌm tu] | 英[kʌm tu]
v. 总计；苏醒；到达；突然想起
not necessarily [四级]
美[nɑt ˌnɛsɪˈsɛrəli] | 英[nɔt ˈnesisərili]
adv. 未必；不一定
crowded [四级]
美[ˈkraʊdɪd] | 英[ˈkraʊdɪd]
adj.水泄不通的;拥挤的;肩摩踵接
small-town [六级]
美[ˈsmɔlˌtaʊn] | 英[ˈsmɔ:lˈtaun]
adj. 偏狭的；小都市的；土里土气的
hygiene [六级]
美[ˈhaɪdʒiːn] | 英[ˈhaɪdʒiːn]
n. 卫生；卫生学
cluster [六级]
美[ˈklʌstər] | 英[ˈklʌstə(r)]
n. 群；簇；丛；串 v. 群集；丛生；使成群
facilities [专四]
美[fə'sɪlɪtɪz] | 英[fə'sɪlɪtɪz]
n. 设施；设备；工具
learning [专八]
美[ˈlɜːrnɪŋ] | 英[ˈlɜːnɪŋ]
n. 学问；学识；学习
plight [专八]
美[plaɪt] | 英[plaɪt]
n. 困境；苦境 n. 誓约 vt. 宣誓；订婚
harrowing [专八]
美[ˈhæroʊɪŋ] | 英[ˈhærəʊɪŋ]
adj. 悲惨的，令人伤心的 v. 耙地，使耙松( harrow的现在分词)
verbally [考研]
美[ˈvɜrbəli] | 英[ˈvɜ:bəli]
adv. 口头地；词句地；逐字地
residency [托福]
美[ˈrɛzɪdənsi, -ˌdɛn-] | 英[ˈrezɪdənsi]
n. 居住；住所；管辖区
crushing [雅思]
美[ ˈkrʌʃɪŋ] | 英[ˈkrʌʃɪŋ]
adj. 压倒的；决定性的；支离破碎的；毁灭性的
重点讲解
Worked to the Bone, India’s Doctors Fear for Their Safety, Too
印度医生累到骨头散架，还要担心自身安全
diagnosis n. 诊断；医生的判断
【例】diagnosis of lung cancer 肺癌的诊断
【拓展】diagnose v. 诊断
【例】He has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer.
他最近被诊断出患有肺癌。
Exhausted doctors resting in crowded on-call rooms with no locks, two to a single bed. Frustrated relatives of patients angrily challenging a physician’s diagnosis.
疲惫的医生们在拥挤的、没有上锁的值班室里休息，两个人挤在一张单人床上补觉。懊恼的病人家属愤怒地质疑医生的诊断。
diagnosis n. 诊断；医生的判断
【例】diagnosis of lung cancer 肺癌的诊断
【拓展】diagnose v. 诊断
【例】He has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer.
他最近被诊断出患有肺癌。
Too few security guards to keep the peace. These are everyday realities in Indian government hospitals.
保安太少，无法维持秩序。这些是印度公立医院的日常。
diagnosis n. 诊断；医生的判断
【例】diagnosis of lung cancer 肺癌的诊断
【拓展】diagnose v. 诊断
【例】He has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer.
他最近被诊断出患有肺癌。
Young doctors describe multiday shifts and harrowing working conditions in rooms and wards often lacking in safety and hygiene, where learning is frequently interrupted by the crushing load of urgent cases.
年轻医生们描述了一连上好几天班以及令人痛苦的工作环境，房间和病房往往缺乏安全和卫生保障，学习也经常被紧急病例带来的沉重工作负荷所打断。
be lacking in sth 缺乏某物
【例】She is lacking in confidence.
她缺乏自信心。
【近义词】lack sth 缺乏某物
hygiene n. 卫生
【例】food hygiene 食品卫生
personal hygiene 个人卫生
Please maintain/practice good hygiene.
请讲卫生。
【拓展】hygienic adj. 卫生的
Their plight has come to light in recent weeks after the rape and murder in Kolkata of a 31-year-old junior doctor who had been resting after a grueling 36-hour shift.
最近几周，印度医生们的困境因为加尔各答的一起案子而为人所知，一名31岁的初级医生在上了令人精疲力尽的36小时班后，在休息时被强奸且杀害。
plight n. 苦难；困境
【例】the plight of the earthquake victims
地震灾民所受的苦难
【近义词】hardship n. 艰难的处境
grueling adj. 使人筋疲力尽的
【例】He recalls the grueling high school life in preparation for gaokao, the college entrance examination.
他想起了为了准备高考的令人疲惫不堪的高中生活。
【近义词】punishing adj. 艰难繁重的；令人疲惫不堪的
【辨析】gruesome adj. 恐怖的；血腥的
consist of 由……构成
【例】The group consists of ten students.
这个小组由10名学生组成。
【拓展】constitute v. 构成
【例】Ten students constitute the group.
10名学生组成了一个小组。
【近义词】make up/be made up of 构成/由……构成
State-run hospitals are the main providers of health care for those at the bottom of the economic ladder in India. The public network consists of primary health care centers as well as top research and training institutes.
公立医院是给印度的经济底层人群提供医疗保健的主要机构。公立医疗网络由初级医疗保健中心和顶级研究培训院校组成。
plight n. 苦难；困境
【例】the plight of the earthquake victims
地震灾民所受的苦难
【近义词】hardship n. 艰难的处境
grueling adj. 使人筋疲力尽的
【例】He recalls the grueling high school life in preparation for gaokao, the college entrance examination.
他想起了为了准备高考的令人疲惫不堪的高中生活。
【近义词】punishing adj. 艰难繁重的；令人疲惫不堪的
【辨析】gruesome adj. 恐怖的；血腥的
consist of 由……构成
【例】The group consists of ten students.
这个小组由10名学生组成。
【拓展】constitute v. 构成
【例】Ten students constitute the group.
10名学生组成了一个小组。
【近义词】make up/be made up of 构成/由……构成
Although there are thousands of private hospitals that typically have better facilities, they tend to be expensive and do not necessarily employ the best doctors. Many young doctors who want to specialize in a certain field of medicine join government-backed medical colleges and teaching hospitals.
虽然有成千上万的通常拥有更好设施的私立医院，但私立医院往往价格昂贵，而且不一定雇用最好的医生。许多想专攻某一医学领域的年轻医生会加入政府支持的医学院和教学医院。
back v. 支持
【例】Doctors backed the plan to restrict fast food in campus.
医生们支持限制快餐进校园的计划。
【搭配】back sth up 证实；支持
【例】He backed up his opinions with examples.
他用例子证实自己的观点。
cluster n. & v.
1. 作名词：簇；团
【例】a cluster of flowers 一丛花
2. 作动词：聚集
【例】The children clustered around their mother.
孩子们围在母亲身边。
However, highly trained doctors tend to cluster around cities and in states that have more medical colleges and teaching hospitals, which leaves large areas of rural and small-town India without easy access to health services, especially for complex diseases like cancer, studies have found.
然而，研究发现，训练有素的医生往往集中在拥有更多医学院和教学医院的各大城市和邦，这使得印度广大农村和小镇地区难以获得医疗服务，尤其是对于癌症等复杂疾病。
back v. 支持
【例】Doctors backed the plan to restrict fast food in campus.
医生们支持限制快餐进校园的计划。
【搭配】back sth up 证实；支持
【例】He backed up his opinions with examples.
他用例子证实自己的观点。
cluster n. & v.
1. 作名词：簇；团
【例】a cluster of flowers 一丛花
2. 作动词：聚集
【例】The children clustered around their mother.
孩子们围在母亲身边。
City hospitals are left with many more patients than they are equipped to handle.
城市医院里的病人太多，超出了所配备医生们的处理能力。
equip v. 配备
【例】The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。
【搭配】equip sb with sth 给某人配备某物
be well/poorly equipped 装备齐全/简陋
【拓展】equipment n. 装备
tinderbox n. 引火盒；一触即发的局势
【例】The whole region was a tinderbox.
整个地区像火药桶一样一点就着。
【近义词】charged adj. 充满紧张气氛的；一触即发的
The combination of overwhelmed doctors and irate patients can create a tinderbox. The sheer number of patients makes it incredibly tough, said Dr. Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay, a cardiologist.
不堪重负的医生和愤怒的患者结合在一起，可能会让情况变成一触即发的火药桶。心脏病专家杜巴吉欧提·班迪奥帕迪亚医生说，患者的数量之多使工作变得异常艰难。
equip v. 配备
【例】The course is designed to equip students for a career in nursing.
此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。
【搭配】equip sb with sth 给某人配备某物
be well/poorly equipped 装备齐全/简陋
【拓展】equipment n. 装备
tinderbox n. 引火盒；一触即发的局势
【例】The whole region was a tinderbox.
整个地区像火药桶一样一点就着。
【近义词】charged adj. 充满紧张气氛的；一触即发的
“People from villages and slums come to the hospital, so in a day in an O.P.D. we used to see 400 patients, which is not possible for two to three people,” he said, referring to the outpatient department.
“来自村庄和贫民窟的人们都来医院看病，所以在OPD我们一天要看400个病人，两三个人是看不过来的。”他说，OPD指的是门诊部。
outpatient n. 门诊病人
【例】an outpatient clinic 门诊部
【反义词】inpatient n. 住院病人
【拓展】emergency room 急诊室
registration n. 挂号
dispensary n. 药房；取药处
payment counter 缴费窗口
administer v.
1. 管理
【例】to administer a school 管理一所学校
【拓展】administration n. 行政管理
2. 施用
【例】to administer medication 帮助病人服药
Once during his residency, Dr. Bandyopadhyay administered CPR to an 80-year-old man in an emergency room after his pulse stopped but was unable to save him.
在他当住院医期间，班迪奥帕迪亚医生在急诊室为一名脉搏停止跳动的80岁男子进行心肺复苏术，但未能挽救他的生命。
outpatient n. 门诊病人
【例】an outpatient clinic 门诊部
【反义词】inpatient n. 住院病人
【拓展】emergency room 急诊室
registration n. 挂号
dispensary n. 药房；取药处
payment counter 缴费窗口
administer v.
1. 管理
【例】to administer a school 管理一所学校
【拓展】administration n. 行政管理
2. 施用
【例】to administer medication 帮助病人服药
The patient’s relatives then started accusing him of killing the man by pumping his chest for half an hour. “All of a sudden, 50-plus people gathered and started shouting and verbally abusing us,” he said. “There was no one to protect us.”
病人的家属随后开始指责他按压了病人胸部半小时而杀死了病人。“突然之间，50多个人围起来，开始吼叫和辱骂我们，”班迪奥帕迪亚医生说，“但是没有任何人能保护我们。”
abuse v. 虐待；辱骂
【例】to physically abuse the prisoner
身体上虐待囚犯
【拓展】abusive adj. 施加伤害的
课后练习
What are some of the challenges faced by Indian doctors?
A. Low salary and strict regulations.
B. Heavy workload and unsafe work places.
C. Complex diseases and a lack of equipment.
D. Complaints from patients and insufficient funding.
What is the main role of state-run hospitals in India?
A. Providing care primarily to the wealthy population.
B. Offering specialized treatments not available elsewhere.
C. Focusing on research and training rather than patient care.
D. Providing healthcare for economically disadvantaged people.
What is one of the consequences regarding the distribution of highly trained doctors in India?
A. Misdiagnoses in rural and small-town medical facilities.
B. Insufficient funding for government-backed medical colleges.
C. Lack of interest among young doctors in specializing in certain fields.
D. Scarce medical resources in rural areas and overcrowding in city hospitals.
What does the incident encountered by Dr. Bandyopadhyay illustrate?
A. The importance of dealing with emergent cases promptly.
B. The vulnerable position of doctors in the face of angry patients.
C. The need for more medical training for doctors in rural areas.
D. The necessity of showing compassion to patients’ relatives.