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为什么美国人购买枪支(中)
- Authors
研究自杀的安斯蒂斯博士说，那些计划购买枪支的人也更有可能怀有自杀的想法。
双语精读
Buyers were also more fearful of uncertainty. They tended to strongly agree with statements such as "Unforeseen events upset me greatly" and "I don't like not knowing what comes next."
购买枪支的人也更害怕不确定性。他们倾向于强烈认同这些说法，如"不可预见的事让我非常不安"，以及"我不喜欢不知道接下来会发生什么。"
They were particularly frightened by Covid, according to the study, which was conducted in June and July 2020. They were more likely to be essential workers.
根据这项在2020年6月和7月进行的研究，这些人也特别害怕新冠病毒。他们更有可能是必要工作人员。
Dr. Anestis, who studies suicide, said those planning to purchase a gun were also more likely to harbor suicidal thoughts. More than half of all gun deaths in the United States are suicides. In 2021, for example, there were 48,830 gun deaths; 26,328 were suicides.
研究自杀的安斯蒂斯博士说，那些计划购买枪支的人也更有可能怀有自杀的想法。在美国，超过一半的枪击死亡是自杀。例如，在2021年，有48 830人死于枪击，其中26 328人是自杀。
"Firearm owners are no more likely to have suicidal thoughts than nonowners," Dr. Anestis said. "But if you look at who purchased a firearm during the surge, and if it was their first firearm, they were much more likely than others to have had suicidal thoughts in the last month, year or lifetime overall."
"枪支拥有者并不比没有枪支的人更有可能有自杀的想法，"安斯蒂斯博士说。"但是，如果你看看谁在售枪数量激增期间购买了枪支，而且如果这是他们的第一支枪的话，那么他们比其他人更有可能在过去的一个月、一年或一生中有过自杀的想法。"
The number of suicides did not increase during the pandemic, but the presence of a gun in the home increases the risk for as long as the family owns the gun.
在大流行期间，自杀人数并没有增加，但只要家庭拥有枪支，家里存在枪支就会增加自杀的风险。
And while research shows that some people buy a gun while they are planning a suicide, most people who used a gun to kill themselves already owned the firearm -- for 10 years, on average.
虽然研究表明，一些人在计划自杀时会购买枪支，但大多数用枪自杀的人已经拥有了枪支，拥有枪支的时间平均为10年。
Families with teenagers who kept one firearm loaded and unlocked were more likely to buy another firearm during the pandemic, other researchers have found. It's possible the families were keeping guns easily accessible because they feared for their safety, and that this concern motivated the purchase of an additional firearm.
其他研究人员发现，有青少年的家庭如果有一支装了子弹且没有上锁的枪，那么这种家庭就更有可能在疫情期间再购买一支枪。有可能是这些家庭将枪支放在容易拿到的地方是因为担心自己的安全，而这种担忧又促使他们购买了另外一支枪。
But these households are particularly vulnerable to gun injuries, said Rebeccah Sokol, a behavioral scientist at the University of Michigan and a co-author of the study. "Teens have some of the highest rates of firearm fatal and nonfatal injuries," she added.
但这项研究的合著者、密歇根大学的行为科学家丽贝卡·索科尔说，这些家庭尤其容易遭受枪伤。"青少年因枪支而受致命伤和非致命伤的概率最高。"她补充说。
Experiments have shown that human touch can be remarkably soothing.
实验表明，人与人之间的身体接触可以起到显著的安抚作用。
In one study in 2006, for example, neuroscientists found that when married women were subjected to mild electric shocks as part of an experiment, reaching out to take their husband's hand provided an immediate sense of relief.
例如，在2006年的一项研究中，神经科学家发现，当已婚女性在实验中受到轻微电击时，伸手握住丈夫的手会立即带来一种安慰的感觉。
Nick Buttrick, a psychologist at University of Wisconsin-Madison, wanted to know whether firearms provided similar comfort to gun owners, serving as a sort of psychological security blanket.
威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的心理学家尼克·布特里克想知道，枪支是否也给持枪者带来了类似的安慰，充当了一种心理上的安全毯。
"The real question I wanted to answer was, What do people get out of having a gun?" he said. "Why would somebody want to take this really dangerous thing and bring it into their lives?"
"我真正想回答的问题是，人们从持枪中得到了什么？"他说，"为什么有人想要把这个非常危险的东西带进他们的生活呢？"
词汇预习
particularly [高考]
美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]
adv. 特别；尤其；详细地
additional [高考]
美[əˈdɪʃənl] | 英[əˈdɪʃənl]
adj. 附加的；额外的
essential [高考]
美[ɪˈsenʃl] | 英[ɪˈsenʃl]
adj. 本质的；必要的；重要的 n. 要素；必需品
immediate [高考]
美[ɪˈmiːdiət] | 英[ɪˈmiːdiət]
adj. 直接的；最接近的；立即的；目前的
psychologist [高考]
美[saɪˈkɑːlədʒɪst] | 英[saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst]
n.心理学研究者，心理学家
psychological [高考]
美[ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl] | 英[ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl]
adj. 心理(学)的
presence [高考]
美[ˈprezns] | 英[ˈprezns]
n. 出席；存在；到场；【生】存在度
fearful [高考]
美[ˈfɪrfl] | 英[ˈfɪəfl]
adj. 担心的；可怕的；[口]非常的
overall [高考]
美[ˌoʊvərˈɔːl , ˈoʊvərɔːl] | 英[ˌəʊvərˈɔːl , ˈəʊvərɔːl]
adj. 全部的；总体的；全面考虑的 adv. 总的来说；总共 n. 罩衫；工作服
uncertainty [高考]
美[ʌnˈsɜːrtnti] | 英[ʌnˈsɜːtnti]
n. 不确定；不可靠；易变
behavioral [高考]
美[bɪ'heɪvjərəl] | 英[bɪ'heɪvjərəl]
adj. 行为的
vulnerable [高考]
美[ˈvʌlnərəbl] | 英[ˈvʌlnərəbl]
adj. 易受伤害的；有弱点的；脆弱的
fatal [高考]
美[ˈfeɪtl] | 英[ˈfeɪtl]
adj. 致命的；灾难性的；毁灭性的；导致失败的
purchase [高考]
美[ˈpɜːrtʃəs] | 英[ˈpɜːtʃəs]
vt. 购买 n. 购买；购买的物品
security [高考]
美[sɪˈkjʊrəti] | 英[sɪˈkjʊərəti]
n. 安全；保证；证券；债券；抵押；防护措施
relief [高考]
美[rɪˈliːf] | 英[rɪˈliːf]
n. 减轻；解除；轻松；浮雕；救济(品)；安慰；替代 adj. 提供救济的；文本的
accessible [高考]
美[əkˈsesəbl] | 英[əkˈsesəbl]
adj. 可得到的；易接近的；可进入的；易受影响的；易理解的
blanket [高考]
美[ˈblæŋkɪt] | 英[ˈblæŋkɪt]
n. 毯子，毛毯；厚层，覆盖层；气氛，氛围；障碍，障碍物 v. 覆盖，盖住，笼罩；消除（声音），使（声音）模糊不清 adj. 总括的，全面的，通用的
mild [高考]
美[maɪld] | 英[maɪld]
adj. 温和的；柔和的；宽大的；清淡的
harbor [高考]
美[ˈhɑrbər] | 英[ˈhɑːbə]
n. 海港；避难所 vt. 庇护；心怀；窝藏 vi. 生存；进入避祸所
frightened [高考]
美[ˈfraɪtnd] | 英[ˈfraɪtnd]
adj. 受惊的
suicide [高考]
美[ˈsuːɪsaɪd] | 英[ˈsuːɪsaɪd]
n. 自杀；自杀者；自取灭亡的行为 adj. 自杀性的
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
surge [四级]
美[sɜːrdʒ] | 英[sɜːdʒ]
n. 汹涌；波涛；猛增 v. 汹涌；涌起；激增；[海]缆绳滑脱
remarkably [四级]
美[rɪˈmɑrkəbli] | 英[rɪˈmɑː(r)kəbli]
adv. 显著突出地；出乎意外地
look at [四级]
美[lʊk æt] | 英[lʊk æt]
（仔细地）看；着眼，考虑
no more [四级]
美[noʊ mɔːr] | 英[nəu mɔ:]
也不;不再
planning [四级]
美[ˈplænɪŋ] | 英[ˈplænɪŋ]
n. 规划；计划；设计 v. plan的现在分词
serving [四级]
美[ˈsɜrvɪŋ] | 英[ˈsɜ:vɪŋ]
n. 服务；服役；（供一人食用饮用的）一份；一客
out of [六级]
美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]
prep. 离…一段距离；从…里；离开 ...；出于
married [专四]
美[ˈmærid] | 英[ˈmærid]
adj. 已婚的；婚姻的；密切结合的 n. 已婚者
provided [专四]
美[prəˈvaɪdɪd] | 英[prəˈvaɪdɪd]
conj. 假如；若是 adj. 预备好的；提供的
according [专四]
美[ə'kɔrdɪŋ] | 英[ə'kɔːdɪŋ]
adj. 相符的；相应的；一致的 v. 给予；符合，一致；正式协议（accord的现在分词）
suicidal [考研]
美[ˌsuɪˈsaɪdl] | 英[ˌsu:ɪˈsaɪdl]
adj. 自杀的；自杀性的；自我毁减的
firearm [托福]
美[ˈfaɪərɑːrm] | 英[ˈfaɪərɑːm]
n. 火器；枪炮
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上
重点讲解
Buyers were also more fearful of uncertainty. They tended to strongly agree with statements such as "Unforeseen events upset me greatly" and "I don't like not knowing what comes next."
购买枪支的人也更害怕不确定性。他们倾向于强烈认同这些说法，如"不可预见的事让我非常不安"，以及"我不喜欢不知道接下来会发生什么。"
unforeseen adj. 未能预见的；意料之外的
【例】unforeseen circumstances/problems 意外情况/意外问题
【近义词】unexpected adj. 意外的
【拓展】foresee v. 预料；预见
They were particularly frightened by Covid, according to the study, which was conducted in June and July 2020. They were more likely to be essential workers.
根据这项在2020年6月和7月进行的研究，这些人也特别害怕新冠病毒。他们更有可能是必要工作人员。
unforeseen adj. 未能预见的；意料之外的
【例】unforeseen circumstances/problems 意外情况/意外问题
【近义词】unexpected adj. 意外的
【拓展】foresee v. 预料；预见
Dr. Anestis, who studies suicide, said those planning to purchase a gun were also more likely to harbor suicidal thoughts. More than half of all gun deaths in the United States are suicides. In 2021, for example, there were 48,830 gun deaths; 26,328 were suicides.
研究自杀的安斯蒂斯博士说，那些计划购买枪支的人也更有可能怀有自杀的想法。在美国，超过一半的枪击死亡是自杀。例如，在2021年，有48 830人死于枪击，其中26 328人是自杀。
harbor n. & v.
1. 作名词：港口；海港
【例】to enter harbor 进入港口
2. 作动词：
（1）窝藏；藏有
【例】to harbor a criminal 窝藏罪犯
（2）怀有（负面的感情或想法）
【例】There are those who harbor suspicions about his motives.
一些人对他的动机心怀疑虑。
【近义词】bear/hold v. 怀有（负面感情、意见等）
surge n.
1. （情感的）突发
【例】to feel a surge of anger 怒火中烧
2. （数量）激增
【例】a surge in demand 需求量激增
【近义词】upsurge/upswing n. 激增
"Firearm owners are no more likely to have suicidal thoughts than nonowners," Dr. Anestis said. "But if you look at who purchased a firearm during the surge, and if it was their first firearm, they were much more likely than others to have had suicidal thoughts in the last month, year or lifetime overall."
"枪支拥有者并不比没有枪支的人更有可能有自杀的想法，"安斯蒂斯博士说。"但是，如果你看看谁在售枪数量激增期间购买了枪支，而且如果这是他们的第一支枪的话，那么他们比其他人更有可能在过去的一个月、一年或一生中有过自杀的想法。"
harbor n. & v.
1. 作名词：港口；海港
【例】to enter harbor 进入港口
2. 作动词：
（1）窝藏；藏有
【例】to harbor a criminal 窝藏罪犯
（2）怀有（负面的感情或想法）
【例】There are those who harbor suspicions about his motives.
一些人对他的动机心怀疑虑。
【近义词】bear/hold v. 怀有（负面感情、意见等）
surge n.
1. （情感的）突发
【例】to feel a surge of anger 怒火中烧
2. （数量）激增
【例】a surge in demand 需求量激增
【近义词】upsurge/upswing n. 激增
The number of suicides did not increase during the pandemic, but the presence of a gun in the home increases the risk for as long as the family owns the gun.
在大流行期间，自杀人数并没有增加，但只要家庭拥有枪支，家里存在枪支就会增加自杀的风险。
presence n.
1. （人）在场；（物）出现，存在
【例】He hardly seemed to notice my presence.
他似乎没有注意到我在场。
【搭配】in the presence of... 在……在场/存在的情况下
【例】Don’t discuss the matter in her presence.
不要在她面前讨论这个问题。
【反义词】absence n. 不在场；缺席；不存在
2. （人的）气场，气度
【例】a speaker of a great stage presence 台风强劲的演讲者
for as long as 只要情况允许就继续存在
（英文释义：used to talk about something continuing for the amount of time that you want, need, or is possible）
【例】You can stay for as long as you want.
你想待多久，就待多久。
And while research shows that some people buy a gun while they are planning a suicide, most people who used a gun to kill themselves already owned the firearm -- for 10 years, on average.
虽然研究表明，一些人在计划自杀时会购买枪支，但大多数用枪自杀的人已经拥有了枪支，拥有枪支的时间平均为10年。
presence n.
1. （人）在场；（物）出现，存在
【例】He hardly seemed to notice my presence.
他似乎没有注意到我在场。
【搭配】in the presence of... 在……在场/存在的情况下
【例】Don’t discuss the matter in her presence.
不要在她面前讨论这个问题。
【反义词】absence n. 不在场；缺席；不存在
2. （人的）气场，气度
【例】a speaker of a great stage presence 台风强劲的演讲者
for as long as 只要情况允许就继续存在
（英文释义：used to talk about something continuing for the amount of time that you want, need, or is possible）
【例】You can stay for as long as you want.
你想待多久，就待多久。
Families with teenagers who kept one firearm loaded and unlocked were more likely to buy another firearm during the pandemic, other researchers have found. It's possible the families were keeping guns easily accessible because they feared for their safety, and that this concern motivated the purchase of an additional firearm.
其他研究人员发现，有青少年的家庭如果有一支装了子弹且没有上锁的枪，那么这种家庭就更有可能在疫情期间再购买一支枪。有可能是这些家庭将枪支放在容易拿到的地方是因为担心自己的安全，而这种担忧又促使他们购买了另外一支枪。
load v. 把……装入设备
【例】to load film into the camera 把胶卷装入相机
accessible adj.
1. 可进入的；可到达的
【例】The desert is accessible only by helicopter.
只有乘直升机才能进入那片荒漠地区。
2. 可使用的；可接近的
【例】A collection of books was made accessible to the public recently.
近来一批藏书向公众开放了。
【近义词】available adj. 可使用的；可买到的
【例】The meeting room is available now.
会议室现在能用了。
fatal adj. 致命的
【例】a fatal disease/blow/flaw 致命疾病/一击/缺陷
【近义词】deadly/lethal adj. 致命的
But these households are particularly vulnerable to gun injuries, said Rebeccah Sokol, a behavioral scientist at the University of Michigan and a co-author of the study. "Teens have some of the highest rates of firearm fatal and nonfatal injuries," she added.
但这项研究的合著者、密歇根大学的行为科学家丽贝卡·索科尔说，这些家庭尤其容易遭受枪伤。"青少年因枪支而受致命伤和非致命伤的概率最高。"她补充说。
load v. 把……装入设备
【例】to load film into the camera 把胶卷装入相机
accessible adj.
1. 可进入的；可到达的
【例】The desert is accessible only by helicopter.
只有乘直升机才能进入那片荒漠地区。
2. 可使用的；可接近的
【例】A collection of books was made accessible to the public recently.
近来一批藏书向公众开放了。
【近义词】available adj. 可使用的；可买到的
【例】The meeting room is available now.
会议室现在能用了。
fatal adj. 致命的
【例】a fatal disease/blow/flaw 致命疾病/一击/缺陷
【近义词】deadly/lethal adj. 致命的
Experiments have shown that human touch can be remarkably soothing.
实验表明，人与人之间的身体接触可以起到显著的安抚作用。
soothing adj. 抚慰的；缓解疼痛的
【例】to say some soothing words 说一些安慰人的话
【近义词】comforting adj. 让人感到安慰的
【拓展】soothe v. 抚慰；缓解疼痛
be subjected to 经受；遭受
【例】He was subjected to ridicule at school.
他在学校受到嘲笑。
【辨析】be subject to 可能受……影响的
【例】Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.
由于有雾，航班可能延误。
In one study in 2006, for example, neuroscientists found that when married women were subjected to mild electric shocks as part of an experiment, reaching out to take their husband's hand provided an immediate sense of relief.
例如，在2006年的一项研究中，神经科学家发现，当已婚女性在实验中受到轻微电击时，伸手握住丈夫的手会立即带来一种安慰的感觉。
soothing adj. 抚慰的；缓解疼痛的
【例】to say some soothing words 说一些安慰人的话
【近义词】comforting adj. 让人感到安慰的
【拓展】soothe v. 抚慰；缓解疼痛
be subjected to 经受；遭受
【例】He was subjected to ridicule at school.
他在学校受到嘲笑。
【辨析】be subject to 可能受……影响的
【例】Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.
由于有雾，航班可能延误。
Nick Buttrick, a psychologist at University of Wisconsin-Madison, wanted to know whether firearms provided similar comfort to gun owners, serving as a sort of psychological security blanket.
威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的心理学家尼克·布特里克想知道，枪支是否也给持枪者带来了类似的安慰，充当了一种心理上的安全毯。
serve as 用作；当……用
【例】The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two.
沙发可以当床凑合一两夜。
"The real question I wanted to answer was, What do people get out of having a gun?" he said. "Why would somebody want to take this really dangerous thing and bring it into their lives?"
"我真正想回答的问题是，人们从持枪中得到了什么？"他说，"为什么有人想要把这个非常危险的东西带进他们的生活呢？"
serve as 用作；当……用
【例】The sofa will serve as a bed for a night or two.
沙发可以当床凑合一两夜。
课后练习
According to Dr. Anestis, firearm purchasers ____.
A. were motivated by the desire of suicide
B. were more likely to cause murder than suicide
C. were less likely to commit suicide than gun owners
D. were emotionally unstable when buying their first gun
Some families may purchase an additional firearm because ____.
A. they need to buy a gun for their teenage child
B. a spare gun is necessary in case other guns break down
C. they are worried about their safety and want protection
D. they once suffered from gun injuries or deaths
The hypothesis of Nick Buttrick is that ____.
A. firearm purchasers lack sufficient human touch
B. people would do anything to protect their family
C. holding a gun can give people a sense of security
D. firearm owners are interested in dangerous things
The article approaches the problem of firearms by ____.
A. comparing the cases of gun owners and non-owners
B. listing the data and findings of relevant studies
C. analyzing the pros and cons of owning firearms
D. contrasting the different opinions about firearms