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公司和求职者之间的招聘与欺骗(下)
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工业化的招聘流程往往会奖励盲目的夸大其词。如果你的简历与原始招聘广告中的关键字不匹配，当你申请工作时，扫描简历的服务系统会给你扣分。
双语精读
Industrialised hiring processes can often reward mindless exaggeration. Services that scan your resume when you are making an application mark you down if your CV does not match the keywords that appear in the original job advertisement.
工业化的招聘流程往往会奖励盲目的夸大其词。如果你的简历与原始招聘广告中的关键字不匹配，当你申请工作时，扫描简历的服务系统会给你扣分。
The message is clear: to get through to the next stage, you have to contort yourself to meet corporate expectations.
信息很明确：为了能进入下一阶段，你必须扭曲自己，以满足公司的期望。
Substance can matter less to recruiters than form. One software engineer says she got a 90%-plus response rate with a spoof CV showing apparent spells at Microsoft and Instagram but also boasting, among other things, that she had increased team-bonding by organising the company potato-sack race and "spread Herpes STD to 60% of intern team".
对招聘者来说，实质可能不如形式重要。一位软件工程师说，她的一份恶搞简历达到了90%以上的回复率，简历上明显地写道她在微软和Instagram工作过一段时间，此外她还吹嘘说，她通过组织公司的跳麻袋比赛而增强了团队凝聚力，并将性传播的疱疹传染给了60%的实习生。
References are so prone to inaccuracy that many firms have a policy of not giving them, fearing legal action from defamed candidates or deceived employers.
推荐信非常容易失真，以至于许多公司都有不提供推荐信的规定，担心受到诽谤的求职者或被欺骗的雇主会提起法律诉讼。
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves. Tracey Franklin, the chief HR officer for Moderna, a fast-growing drugmaker and an interviewee in this week's episode of Boss Class (our new podcast) is a fan of "realistic job previews" (RJPs).
很少有公司能准确地描述一个职位的实际工作内容。特蕾西·富兰克林是一家快速发展的制药公司莫德纳的首席人力资源官，也是本周《老板课堂》（我们推出的新的播客节目）的受访者，她很推崇"真实的工作预览"(RJP)。
These are meant to give prospective recruits a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture. One effective tactic is to lay out, in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.
这种预览是为了让潜在的新成员对工作中的消极和积极方面有真实的感受，也对公司的企业文化有清晰的认识。一种有效的办法是以文本或视频形式展示这个岗位员工平常的一天是什么样子。
Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that RJPs lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction.
这种诚实本身就会带来回报。长期以来，研究表明，真实的工作预览可以降低员工流动性，提高员工满意度。
A paper in 2011 by David Earnest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation's honesty are the best explanation for why.
2011年，汤森大学的大卫·欧内斯特与其合著者在一篇论文中得出结论，人们对诚实公司的好感是RJP达到这些结果的最佳解释。
The incentives on both sides of the hiring process lean naturally towards glossing reality. If candidates were to give genuinely truthful answers ("I have a habit of making basic but calamitous errors"), many would rule themselves out of jobs.
招聘与应聘双方自然都更倾向于掩饰现实。如果应聘者给出完全真实的答案（"我有犯基本且灾难性错误的习惯"），那么很多人就会被排除在工作之外。
And if firms were to give a warts-and-all description of themselves, many would end up deterring good applicants. But a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
如果公司不隐瞒自己的任何缺点，那么优秀的申请者可能会望而却步。但是，如果公司自身能做到诚实，那么旨在揭示求职者真实情况的招聘过程也会顺利得多。
词汇预习
effective [高考]
美[ɪˈfektɪv] | 英[ɪˈfektɪv]
adj. 有效的；生效的；实际的
response [高考]
美[rɪˈspɑːns] | 英[rɪˈspɒns]
n. 反应；回答；响应；答复
corporate [高考]
美[ˈkɔːrpərət] | 英[ˈkɔːpərət]
adj. 法人的；公司的；社团的；共同的；全体的
lean [高考]
美[liːn] | 英[liːn]
v. （身体）倾斜；倾向于做；依靠；倚靠，靠在 adj. 瘦且健康的；（肉）瘦的，脂肪少的；不景气的，贫乏的；精简的，效率高的；（混合汽化燃料）空气所占比例高的，稀化的 n. 倾斜，歪曲；瘦肉 【名】（Lean）（丹）利恩（人名）
uncover [高考]
美[ʌnˈkʌvər] | 英[ʌnˈkʌvə(r)]
vt. 揭开；揭露
resume [高考]
美[rɪˈzuːm] | 英[rɪˈzjuːm]
v. 重新开始；再继续 n. 简历；履历；摘要
tactic [高考]
美[ˈtæktɪk] | 英[ˈtæktɪk]
n. 战略；策略
prospective [高考]
美[prəˈspektɪv] | 英[prəˈspektɪv]
adj. 预期的；未来的
rate [高考]
美[reɪt] | 英[reɪt]
n. 比率；速度；价格；费用；等级 v. 认为；估价；定等级；值得；怒斥；责骂
explanation [高考]
美[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn] | 英[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn]
n. 解释；说明
description [高考]
美[dɪˈskrɪpʃn] | 英[dɪˈskrɪpʃn]
n. 描述；刻画；类型；说明书
chief [高考]
美[tʃiːf] | 英[tʃiːf]
adj. 主要的；首要的 n. 首领
accurate [高考]
美[ˈækjərət] | 英[ˈækjərət]
adj. 准确的；精确的
software [高考]
美[ˈsɔːftwer] | 英[ˈsɒftweə(r)]
n. 软件
legal [高考]
美[ˈliːɡl] | 英[ˈliːɡl]
adj. 法定的；法律的；合法的
apparent [高考]
美[əˈpærənt] | 英[əˈpærənt]
adj. 明显的；表面上的
scan [高考]
美[skæn] | 英[skæn]
v. 扫描；审视；浏览；细看 n. 浏览；扫描检查；胎儿扫描检查；快速查阅
plus [高考]
美[plʌs] | 英[plʌs]
prep. 加；加上 adj. 正的；超过的 n. 正数；加号；优势 conj. 并且
organisation [高考]
美[ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn] | 英[ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn]
n. 组织；团体；条理
get through [高考]
美[ɡet θruː] | 英[ɡet θruː]
v. 通过；到达；做完；度过；接通电话；让…了解
lower [高考]
美[ˈloʊər] | 英[ˈləʊə(r)]
adj. 低的；下级的；下层的 v. 降低；减弱；跌落
episode [高考]
美[ˈepɪsoʊd] | 英[ˈepɪsəʊd]
n. 一段情节；片段；轶事；插曲
genuine [高考]
美[ˈdʒenjuɪn] | 英[ˈdʒenjuɪn]
adj. 真诚的；真正的；真实的；地道的
sack [高考]
美[sæk] | 英[sæk]
n. 袋子；解雇 vt. 解雇；把 ... 装入袋子；劫掠
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
smoothly [四级]
美[smuðlɪ] | 英[ˈsmu:ðli]
adv. 平滑地；流畅地
favourable [四级]
美[ˈfeɪvərəbl] | 英[ˈfeɪvərəbl]
adj. 赞成的；有用的；良好的
turnover [四级]
美[ˈtɜːrnoʊvər] | 英[ˈtɜːnəʊvə(r)]
n. 营业额，成交量；(人员的)流动率；周转率；半圆馅饼 adj. 翻过来的，可翻转的
truthful [四级]
美[ˈtruθfəl] | 英[ˈtru:θfl]
adj. 诚实的；真实的
mindless [四级]
美[ˈmaɪndlɪs] | 英[ˈmaɪndləs]
adj. 不留神的；不顾虑的；无需动脑的；愚蠢的
genuinely [四级]
美[ˈdʒɛnjʊɪnlɪ] | 英['dʒenjʊɪnlɪ]
adv. 真正地；诚实地；由衷地
explanation for [四级]
美 | 英
对...的解释
exaggeration [四级]
美[ɪɡˌzædʒəˈreʃən] | 英[ɪgˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn]
n. 夸张；夸大
prone [六级]
美[proʊn] | 英[prəʊn]
adj. 易于 ... 的；有 ... 倾向的；俯卧的
out of [六级]
美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]
prep. 离…一段距离；从…里；离开 ...；出于
lay out [六级]
美[leɪ aʊt] | 英['lei,aut]
设计； 安排； 陈列； 花费； 拟定
intern [专八]
美[ ˈɪntɜːrn] | 英[ˈɪntɜːn]
n. 实习生；拘留犯 vt. 扣留 vi. 作实习生
contort [专八]
美[kənˈtɔrt] | 英[kənˈtɔ:t]
v. (使)扭曲；走样；曲解
interviewee [考研]
美[ˌɪntərvjuːˈiː] | 英[ˌɪntəvjuːˈiː]
n. 被接见者；被访问者；被面试者
inaccuracy [考研]
美[ɪnˈækjərəsi] | 英[ɪn'ækjərəsɪ]
n. 不准确；错误
重点讲解
Industrialised hiring processes can often reward mindless exaggeration. Services that scan your resume when you are making an application mark you down if your CV does not match the keywords that appear in the original job advertisement.
工业化的招聘流程往往会奖励盲目的夸大其词。如果你的简历与原始招聘广告中的关键字不匹配，当你申请工作时，扫描简历的服务系统会给你扣分。
scan v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）细看；审视
【例】He scanned the horizon for any sign of land.
他仔细地眺望地平线，找寻陆地的踪影。
（2）粗略地读；浏览
【例】I scanned the list quickly for my name.
我很快浏览了一下名单，看有没有我的名字。
（3）扫描
【例】They scanned his brain for signs of damage.
他们给他做了脑部扫描，检查是否有损伤迹象。
2. 作名词：（医疗）扫描检查；浏览
【例】The scan showed that she was expecting twins.
扫描显示她怀了双胞胎。
mark down
1. 给低分；压低成绩
【例】She was marked down because of poor grammar.
她因语法不好被扣了分。
2. 减价；打折
【例】All goods have been marked down by 15%.
所有商品都打八五折。
3. 记下；将…记录下
【例】Mark down everything you eat on your daily chart.
在日记表上记下你吃的每样东西。
The message is clear: to get through to the next stage, you have to contort yourself to meet corporate expectations.
信息很明确：为了能进入下一阶段，你必须扭曲自己，以满足公司的期望。
scan v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）细看；审视
【例】He scanned the horizon for any sign of land.
他仔细地眺望地平线，找寻陆地的踪影。
（2）粗略地读；浏览
【例】I scanned the list quickly for my name.
我很快浏览了一下名单，看有没有我的名字。
（3）扫描
【例】They scanned his brain for signs of damage.
他们给他做了脑部扫描，检查是否有损伤迹象。
2. 作名词：（医疗）扫描检查；浏览
【例】The scan showed that she was expecting twins.
扫描显示她怀了双胞胎。
mark down
1. 给低分；压低成绩
【例】She was marked down because of poor grammar.
她因语法不好被扣了分。
2. 减价；打折
【例】All goods have been marked down by 15%.
所有商品都打八五折。
3. 记下；将…记录下
【例】Mark down everything you eat on your daily chart.
在日记表上记下你吃的每样东西。
Substance can matter less to recruiters than form. One software engineer says she got a 90%-plus response rate with a spoof CV showing apparent spells at Microsoft and Instagram but also boasting, among other things, that she had increased team-bonding by organising the company potato-sack race and "spread Herpes STD to 60% of intern team".
对招聘者来说，实质可能不如形式重要。一位软件工程师说，她的一份恶搞简历达到了90%以上的回复率，简历上明显地写道她在微软和Instagram工作过一段时间，此外她还吹嘘说，她通过组织公司的跳麻袋比赛而增强了团队凝聚力，并将性传播的疱疹传染给了60%的实习生。
substance n.
1. 物质
【例】a chemical/radioactive substance 化学/放射性物质
2. 主旨；实质
【例】Love and guilt form the substance of his new book.
他的新书主要讲爱情与罪孽。
3. 事实基础；根据
【例】There is no substance to the rumours.
这些传闻毫无根据。
4. 重要性
【例】We should be discussing matters of substance.
我们应该讨论重要的事情。
spell v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）拼写；拼作
【例】You’ve spelled my name wrong.
你把我的名字拼错了。
（2）招致，意味着（通常指坏事）
【例】The crop failure spelt disaster for many farmers.
对许多农民来说，庄稼歉收就意味着灾难。
（3）（短时间）替换，顶替
【例】Carter will be here in an hour to spell you.
卡特一小时后过来替换你。
2. 作名词
（1）（持续的）一段时间
【例】a spell of warm weather 一段天气温暖的日子
（2）咒语；魅力，魔力
【例】I completely fell under her spell.
我完全被她迷住了。
References are so prone to inaccuracy that many firms have a policy of not giving them, fearing legal action from defamed candidates or deceived employers.
推荐信非常容易失真，以至于许多公司都有不提供推荐信的规定，担心受到诽谤的求职者或被欺骗的雇主会提起法律诉讼。
reference n. & v.
1.作名词
（1） 提到；谈及
【例】There is no direct reference to her own childhood in the novel.
小说里没有直接提及她自己的童年。
（2）参考；参考书目
【例】There is a list of references at the end of each chapter.
每一章的后面都有参考书目。
（3）推荐信；推荐人
【例】We will take up references after the interview.
我们在面试之后收推荐信。
2. 作动词：参考；给（书等）附参考资料
【例】The book does not reference anything written in the last 10 years.
该书并未参考过去十年中的任何作品。
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves. Tracey Franklin, the chief HR officer for Moderna, a fast-growing drugmaker and an interviewee in this week's episode of Boss Class (our new podcast) is a fan of "realistic job previews" (RJPs).
很少有公司能准确地描述一个职位的实际工作内容。特蕾西·富兰克林是一家快速发展的制药公司莫德纳的首席人力资源官，也是本周《老板课堂》（我们推出的新的播客节目）的受访者，她很推崇"真实的工作预览"(RJP)。
account n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）账户；账目
【例】I don't have a bank account.
我没有银行账户
（2）描述；叙述
【例】She gave the police a full account of the incident.
她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
2. 作动词：认为是；视为
【例】The event was accounted a success.
人们认为这次活动是成功的。
These are meant to give prospective recruits a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture. One effective tactic is to lay out, in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.
这种预览是为了让潜在的新成员对工作中的消极和积极方面有真实的感受，也对公司的企业文化有清晰的认识。一种有效的办法是以文本或视频形式展示这个岗位员工平常的一天是什么样子。
lay out
1. 铺开，展开
【例】Lay out the map on the table and let’s have a look.
把地图铺在桌上，我们来看看吧。
2. 布置，设计（建筑、城镇、花园等）
【例】The gardens were laid out with lawns and flower beds.
花园里设置了草坪和花坛。
3. 清晰谨慎地提出，策划
【例】All the terms and conditions are laid out in the contract.
所有的条款与条件在合同中均已清楚地列明。
Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that RJPs lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction.
这种诚实本身就会带来回报。长期以来，研究表明，真实的工作预览可以降低员工流动性，提高员工满意度。
turnover n.
1. （一定时期内的）营业额，成交量
【例】a fall in turnover 营业额的下降
2. 人事变更率，人员流动率
【例】Low pay accounts for the high turnover.
低薪是人员流动大的原因。
3. （货物的）周转率
【例】a fast turnover of stock 快速的存货周转
A paper in 2011 by David Earnest of Towson University and his co-authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation's honesty are the best explanation for why.
2011年，汤森大学的大卫·欧内斯特与其合著者在一篇论文中得出结论，人们对诚实公司的好感是RJP达到这些结果的最佳解释。
turnover n.
1. （一定时期内的）营业额，成交量
【例】a fall in turnover 营业额的下降
2. 人事变更率，人员流动率
【例】Low pay accounts for the high turnover.
低薪是人员流动大的原因。
3. （货物的）周转率
【例】a fast turnover of stock 快速的存货周转
The incentives on both sides of the hiring process lean naturally towards glossing reality. If candidates were to give genuinely truthful answers ("I have a habit of making basic but calamitous errors"), many would rule themselves out of jobs.
招聘与应聘双方自然都更倾向于掩饰现实。如果应聘者给出完全真实的答案（"我有犯基本且灾难性错误的习惯"），那么很多人就会被排除在工作之外。
lean towards 倾向，偏向（尤指某意见或利益）
【例】The UK leant towards the US proposal.
英国倾向于美国的提案。
rule out
1. 把…排除在外；认为…不适合
【例】The police have ruled out suicide.
警方已经排除了自杀的可能。
2. 阻止；防止…发生
【例】His age effectively ruled him out as a possible candidate.
他的年岁使他根本不可能成为候选人。
warts and all 包括所有的缺点；不隐瞒缺点
【例】She still loves him, warts and all.
她仍然爱他，不管他有什么缺点。
deter v. 制止；阻止；威慑
【例】The high price of the service could deter people from seeking advice.
这么高的服务费可能使咨询者望而却步。
And if firms were to give a warts-and-all description of themselves, many would end up deterring good applicants. But a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
如果公司不隐瞒自己的任何缺点，那么优秀的申请者可能会望而却步。但是，如果公司自身能做到诚实，那么旨在揭示求职者真实情况的招聘过程也会顺利得多。
lean towards 倾向，偏向（尤指某意见或利益）
【例】The UK leant towards the US proposal.
英国倾向于美国的提案。
rule out
1. 把…排除在外；认为…不适合
【例】The police have ruled out suicide.
警方已经排除了自杀的可能。
2. 阻止；防止…发生
【例】His age effectively ruled him out as a possible candidate.
他的年岁使他根本不可能成为候选人。
warts and all 包括所有的缺点；不隐瞒缺点
【例】She still loves him, warts and all.
她仍然爱他，不管他有什么缺点。
deter v. 制止；阻止；威慑
【例】The high price of the service could deter people from seeking advice.
这么高的服务费可能使咨询者望而却步。
课后练习
The example of the spoof CV illustrates that ____.
A. recruiters cannot accurately assess an applicant's qualifications
B. work experience in big companies is a plus on a resume
C. organising company events can increase the chance of getting hired
D. making jokes on a CV can lead to immediate disqualification
What is the purpose of "realistic job previews" (RJPs) ?
A. To demonstrate the company's growth and success.
B. To provide a platform for employees to communicate.
C. To allow the company to test the candidate's job capabilities.
D. To give candidates a comprehensive understanding of the job.
According to the text, what is the benefit of providing realistic job previews?
A. It increases the company's profitability.
B. It helps the company retain its employees.
C. It attracts more qualified candidates.
D. It reduces the company's legal risks.
What is the author's suggestion for improving the hiring process?
A. Companies should hire candidates who are truly competent.
B. The hiring process should be designed to uncover the weaknesses of applicants.
C. Companies should be more honest to encourage applicants to do likewise.
D. Companies should avoid giving a straightforward description of themselves.