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俄罗斯经济已恢复元气
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4月初，我们曾指出，初步证据表明，尽管西方国家对俄罗斯实施了前所未有的制裁，但俄罗斯经济并未像预期的那样崩溃。
双语精读
Russia's economy: Tears but a flesh wound
俄罗斯经济：轻伤而已
Russia's economy is back on its feet.
俄罗斯经济已经恢复元气。
In early April we pointed to preliminary evidence that the Russian economy was defying predictions of collapse, even as Western countries introduced unprecedented sanctions.
4月初，我们曾指出，初步证据表明，尽管西方国家对俄罗斯实施了前所未有的制裁，但俄罗斯经济并未像预期的那样崩溃。
Recent data further support this view. Helped along by capital controls and high interest rates, the rouble is now as valuable as it was before Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late February.
最近的数据进一步支持了这一观点。在资本管制和高利率的推动下，现在卢布和2月底俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之前一样值钱。
Russia appears to be keeping up with payments of its foreign-currency bonds. The real economy is surprisingly resilient too.
俄罗斯似乎还能偿还其外币债券。俄罗斯实体经济的韧性也令人惊讶。
True, Russian consumer prices have risen by more than 10% since the beginning of the year, as the rouble's initial depreciation made imports more expensive and many Western companies pulled out, reducing supply.
诚然，由于卢布最初的贬值使得进口更加昂贵，许多西方国家的公司撤出，减少了供应，俄罗斯的消费者价格自今年年初以来已经上涨了10%以上。
The number of firms late on their wage payments seems to be growing. But "real-time" measures of Russian economic activity are largely holding up. Total electricity consumption has fallen only a smidge.
似乎有越来越多的公司拖欠工资。但是，俄罗斯经济活动的“实时”指标在很大程度上保持了稳定，总用电量仅略有下降。
After a lull in March, Russians seem to be spending fairly freely on cafes, bars and restaurants, according to a spending tracker run by Sberbank, Russia's largest bank.
根据俄罗斯最大的银行——俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行的支出跟踪，经历3月份的一段淡季之后，俄罗斯人似乎在咖啡馆、酒吧和餐馆上的消费相当自由。
On April 29th the central bank lowered its key interest rate from 17% to 14%, a sign that a financial panic which began in February has eased slightly.
4月29日，中央银行将基准利率从17%下调至14%，这标志着始于2月份的金融恐慌有所缓解。
The Russian economy is undoubtedly shrinking, but some economists' predictions of a gdp decline of up to 15% this year are starting to look pessimistic.
毫无疑问，俄罗斯的经济在萎缩，但一些经济学家对俄今年GDP降幅高达15%的预测似乎要落空了。
Even before the invasion Russia was a fairly closed economy, limiting sanctions' bite. But the biggest reason for the economy's resilience relates to fossil fuels.
即便在入侵前，俄罗斯也是一个相当封闭的经济体，因而限制了西方制裁的影响。但俄罗斯经济恢复的最大原因与化石燃料有关。
Since the invasion Russia has exported at least $65bn-worth of fossil fuels via shipments and pipelines, suggests the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air, a think-tank in Finland.
芬兰智库能源与清洁空气研究中心表示，自入侵以来，俄罗斯已通过船运和管道出口了至少650亿美元的化石燃料。
In the first quarter of 2022 the government's revenues from hydrocarbons rose by over 80% year on year. On May 4th the European Commission proposed a ban on imports of all Russian oil that would come into full force by the end of the year.
在2022年第一季度，政府来自化石燃料的收入同比增长了80%以上。5月4日，欧盟委员会提议禁止进口所有俄罗斯石油，该禁令将于今年年底全面生效。
Until then, expect the Russian economy to continue to trundle along.
在那之前，预计俄罗斯经济还会继续缓慢发展。
词汇预习
economic [高考]
美[ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪk] | 英[ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk]
adj. 经济的，经济学的；有利可图的；节约的
financial [高考]
美[faɪˈnænʃl] | 英[faɪˈnænʃl]
adj. 金融的；财政的；[非正式]有钱的
economy [高考]
美[ɪˈkɑːnəmi] | 英[ɪˈkɒnəmi]
n. 经济；节约 adj. 经济的；廉价的
largely [高考]
美[ˈlɑːrdʒli] | 英[ˈlɑːdʒli]
adv. 大部分；主要地
consumption [高考]
美[kənˈsʌmpʃn] | 英[kənˈsʌmpʃn]
n. 消费；消耗；肺痨
fairly [高考]
美[ˈferli] | 英[ˈfeəli]
adv. 公正地；相当地
fossil [高考]
美[ˈfɑːsl] | 英[ˈfɒsl]
n. 化石；食古不化的人；守旧的事物
undoubtedly [高考]
美[ʌn'daʊtɪdlɪ] | 英[ʌn'daʊtɪdlɪ]
adv. 无疑地
collapse [高考]
美[kəˈlæps] | 英[kəˈlæps]
v. （使）倒塌；（使）崩溃；（使）瓦解；折叠 n. 倒塌；崩溃；暴跌
pessimistic [高考]
美[ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk] | 英[ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk]
adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
invasion [高考]
美[ɪnˈveɪʒn] | 英[ɪnˈveɪʒn]
n. 侵略；侵入
data [高考]
美[ˈdeɪtə] | 英[ˈdeɪtə]
n. 数据；资料
rate [高考]
美[reɪt] | 英[reɪt]
n. 比率；速度；价格；费用；等级 v. 认为；估价；定等级；值得；怒斥；责骂
decline [高考]
美[dɪˈklaɪn] | 英[dɪˈklaɪn]
v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜 n. 减少，衰退
evidence [高考]
美[ˈevɪdəns] | 英[ˈevɪdəns]
n. 证据；证词；根据；迹象 v. 证明；证实
ban [高考]
美[bæn] | 英[bæn]
v. 禁止；剥夺权利 n. 禁令；禁止
panic [高考]
美[ˈpænɪk] | 英[ˈpænɪk]
n. 惊慌；恐慌 v. 使…惊慌；感到恐慌 adj. 恐慌的；惊慌的
via [高考]
美[ˈviːə] | 英[ˈvaɪə]
prep. 经由；通过
initial [高考]
美[ɪˈnɪʃl] | 英[ɪˈnɪʃl]
n. (词)首字母 adj. 开始的；最初的；字首的 vt. 签姓名的首字母于
wage [高考]
美[weɪdʒ] | 英[weɪdʒ]
n. 工资；报酬 v. 开展；从事；进行(战争、运动)
flesh [高考]
美[fleʃ] | 英[fleʃ]
n. 肉体；果肉；情欲；（动物或人的）肉 v. 用肉喂养(猎狗等)；使尽量吃肉；使(猎狗等)闻到肉味
tank [高考]
美[tæŋk] | 英[tæŋk]
n. 箱；罐；槽；贮水池；坦克 vt. 把 ... 储于槽中
currency [高考]
美[ˈkɜːrənsi] | 英[ˈkʌrənsi]
n. 货币；流通
by the end of [高考]
美[baɪ ði ɛnd ʌv] | 英[bai ðə end ɔv]
到 ... 时为止； 在 ... 之前
further [高考]
美[ˈfɜːrðər] | 英[ˈfɜːðə(r)]
adv. 更远地，再往前地；进一步；此外，而且 adj. 更多的，进一步的；（距离上）更远的，较远的 v. 促进，推进
bite [高考]
美[baɪt] | 英[baɪt]
v. 咬；叮；蜇 n. 咬；一口；(被咬的)伤痕
preliminary [高考]
美[prɪˈlɪmɪneri] | 英[prɪˈlɪmɪnəri]
adj. 初步的；预备的；开始的 n. 初步行动；准备；初步措施
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
surprisingly [四级]
美[sərˈpraɪzɪŋli] | 英[sə(r)ˈpraɪzɪŋli]
adv. 惊人地；意外地
up to [四级]
美[ʌp tu] | 英[ʌp tu]
胜任；直到；多达；该由 ... 决定
unprecedented [六级]
美[ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd] | 英[ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd]
adj. 空前的；前所未有的
according [专四]
美[ə'kɔrdɪŋ] | 英[ə'kɔːdɪŋ]
adj. 相符的；相应的；一致的 v. 给予；符合，一致；正式协议（accord的现在分词）
depreciation [专八]
美[dɪˌpriʃiˈeʃən] | 英[dɪˌpri:ʃɪ'eɪʃn]
n. 贬值；减价；折旧
resilience [专八]
美[rɪˈzɪliəns] | 英[rɪˈzɪliəns]
n. 适应力；弹性
trundle [专八]
美[ˈtrʌndl] | 英[ˈtrʌndl]
v. 滚；转动；运送；旋转；慢步走 n. 小车轮；脚轮；滚动
lull [专八]
美[lʌl] | 英[lʌl]
v. 使安静；使入睡；哄骗；平息 n. 暂停；间歇
pointed [托福]
美[ˈpɔɪntɪd] | 英[ˈpɔɪntɪd]
adj. 尖的；尖锐的；直截了当的；有针对性的
重点讲解
Russia's economy: Tears but a flesh wound
俄罗斯经济：轻伤而已
back on (one’s) feet
1. （病后）恢复健康，痊愈
（英文释义：In good health again after a period of injury or illness.）
【例】Jill is happy to be back on her feet again after her hospital stay.
吉尔住院后又恢复了健康，她很高兴。
2. 从……恢复（尤其指从财务问题中）
（英文释义：No longer in a precarious financial situation.）
【例】Now that I've paid off my credit card debt, I'm finally back on my feet.
Russia's economy is back on its feet.
俄罗斯经济已经恢复元气。
back on (one’s) feet
1. （病后）恢复健康，痊愈
（英文释义：In good health again after a period of injury or illness.）
【例】Jill is happy to be back on her feet again after her hospital stay.
吉尔住院后又恢复了健康，她很高兴。
2. 从……恢复（尤其指从财务问题中）
（英文释义：No longer in a precarious financial situation.）
【例】Now that I've paid off my credit card debt, I'm finally back on my feet.
In early April we pointed to preliminary evidence that the Russian economy was defying predictions of collapse, even as Western countries introduced unprecedented sanctions.
4月初，我们曾指出，初步证据表明，尽管西方国家对俄罗斯实施了前所未有的制裁，但俄罗斯经济并未像预期的那样崩溃。
defy v.
1. 违抗；反抗；蔑视
【例】This was the first (and last) time that I dared to defy my mother.
这是我第一次（也是最后一次）胆敢违抗我母亲。
2. 不可能，无法（相信、解释、描绘等）
【例】It's a devastating and barbaric act that defies all comprehension.
这是毁灭性的野蛮行径，完全没有方法可理解。
3. 经受住；顶住；抗住
【例】The baby boy defied all the odds and survived.
这名男婴九死一生活了下来。
sanction n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）制裁
【例】Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the agreement.
凡拒签该协议的国家均受到贸易制裁。
（2）（正式）许可，批准
【例】The changes will require the sanction of the court.
这些变更须经法院认可。
2. 作动词
（1）制裁
【例子】Iranian officials this week warned against attempts to sanction gasoline imports.
伊朗官员本星期警告不要妄图对伊朗的汽油进口实施制裁。
（2）批准，认可
【例】He may now be ready to sanction the use of force.
他或许现在正准备批准使用武力。
Recent data further support this view. Helped along by capital controls and high interest rates, the rouble is now as valuable as it was before Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late February.
最近的数据进一步支持了这一观点。在资本管制和高利率的推动下，现在卢布和2月底俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之前一样值钱。
keep up with
1. 跟上，不落后
（英文释义：to go or make progress at the same rate as (others) : to stay even with (others) in a race, competition, etc.）
【例】He found it difficult to keep up with the rest of the class.
他发现很难跟上班上的其他同学。
2. 跟进最新消息
（英文释义：to continue to know the newest information about (something)）
【例】I find it hard to keep up with the news.
我发现很难跟上新闻。
Russia appears to be keeping up with payments of its foreign-currency bonds. The real economy is surprisingly resilient too.
俄罗斯似乎还能偿还其外币债券。俄罗斯实体经济的韧性也令人惊讶。
keep up with
1. 跟上，不落后
（英文释义：to go or make progress at the same rate as (others) : to stay even with (others) in a race, competition, etc.）
【例】He found it difficult to keep up with the rest of the class.
他发现很难跟上班上的其他同学。
2. 跟进最新消息
（英文释义：to continue to know the newest information about (something)）
【例】I find it hard to keep up with the news.
我发现很难跟上新闻。
True, Russian consumer prices have risen by more than 10% since the beginning of the year, as the rouble's initial depreciation made imports more expensive and many Western companies pulled out, reducing supply.
诚然，由于卢布最初的贬值使得进口更加昂贵，许多西方国家的公司撤出，减少了供应，俄罗斯的消费者价格自今年年初以来已经上涨了10%以上。
pull out
1. （车辆）开出，离去
（英文释义：If a vehicle pulls out, it starts moving onto a road or onto a different part of the road）
【例】She pulled out into the street.
她将车开到了街上。
2. 从...退出，撤离
（英文释义：to stop being involved in an activity）
【例】Lack of funding leaves us with no choice but to pull out.
缺乏资金使我们别无选择，只能退出。
【拓展】pull over 把...开到路边；靠边停车
【例】He noticed a man behind him in a blue Ford gesticulating to pull over.
他注意到后面一辆蓝色福特车里的一个男人示意他靠边停车。
The number of firms late on their wage payments seems to be growing. But "real-time" measures of Russian economic activity are largely holding up. Total electricity consumption has fallen only a smidge.
似乎有越来越多的公司拖欠工资。但是，俄罗斯经济活动的“实时”指标在很大程度上保持了稳定，总用电量仅略有下降。
hold up
1. 举起；支撑
【例】She held up her hand stiffly.
她僵硬地举起手来。
2. 耽搁
【例】Why were you holding everyone up?
你为什么要耽搁大家？
3. （在逆境中）保持良好状况
【例】Children's wear is one area that is holding up well in the recession.
在经济衰退期间，童装是持续销售良好的一个领域。
After a lull in March, Russians seem to be spending fairly freely on cafes, bars and restaurants, according to a spending tracker run by Sberbank, Russia's largest bank.
根据俄罗斯最大的银行——俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行的支出跟踪，经历3月份的一段淡季之后，俄罗斯人似乎在咖啡馆、酒吧和餐馆上的消费相当自由。
lull n. & v.
1. 作名词，（活动间的）平静时期，间歇
【例】a lull in the conversation/fighting 谈话／战斗中的沉寂
2. 作动词，使放松，使镇静
【例】The vibration of the engine lulled the children to sleep.
发动机的颤动使得孩子们睡着了。
【搭配】lull sb into sth 麻痹／诱使某人做某事
【例】It is easy to be lulled into a false sense of security.
很容易因受到蒙蔽而产生错误的安全感。
On**** April 29th**** the central bank**** lowered its key interest**** rate**** from**** 17****%**** to**** 14****%, a sign**** that**** a financial panic which began in**** February**** has eased slightly****.****
4月29日，中央银行将基准利率从17%下调至14%，这标志着始于2月份的金融恐慌有所缓解。
The Russian economy is**** undoubtedly shrinking,**** but some**** economists****'**** predictions of**** a gdp decline of**** up**** to**** 15****%**** this**** year**** are starting**** to**** look**** pessimistic.****
毫无疑问，俄罗斯的经济在萎缩，但一些经济学家对俄今年GDP降幅高达15%的预测似乎要落空了。
Even**** before**** the invasion**** Russia**** was a fairly**** closed**** economy,**** limiting**** sanctions'**** bite****.**** But the biggest reason**** for the economy's resilience**** relates to**** fossil**** fuels.****
即便在入侵前，俄罗斯也是一个相当封闭的经济体，因而限制了西方制裁的影响。但俄罗斯经济恢复的最大原因与化石燃料有关。
Since the invasion**** Russia**** has exported**** at**** least $65bn-worth of**** fossil**** fuels via shipments and pipelines,**** suggests**** the Centre**** for Research**** on**** Energy**** and Clean Air,**** a think-tank**** in**** Finland.****
芬兰智库能源与清洁空气研究中心表示，自入侵以来，俄罗斯已通过船运和管道出口了至少650亿美元的化石燃料。
In the first quarter of 2022 the government's revenues from hydrocarbons rose by over 80% year on year. On May 4th the European Commission proposed a ban on imports of all Russian oil that would come into full force by the end of the year.
在2022年第一季度，政府来自化石燃料的收入同比增长了80%以上。5月4日，欧盟委员会提议禁止进口所有俄罗斯石油，该禁令将于今年年底全面生效。
come into (full) force 开始（全面）实行／生效
（英文释义：if a new law, rule, change etc comes or is brought into force, it starts to exist）
【例】Parking restrictions in the town centre came into force last month.
市中心的停车限制于上月开始生效。
Until then, expect the Russian economy to continue to trundle along.
在那之前，预计俄罗斯经济还会继续缓慢发展。
come into (full) force 开始（全面）实行／生效
（英文释义：if a new law, rule, change etc comes or is brought into force, it starts to exist）
【例】Parking restrictions in the town centre came into force last month.
市中心的停车限制于上月开始生效。
课后练习
Which of the following statements is true about the Russian economy?
A. There is evidence of economic collapse due to sanctions.
B. Recent data show a high rate of inflation in Russia.
C. Russia is burdened with foreign debts and expensive imports.
D. Russia’s economic performance is better than expected.
According to the text, Russian people ____.
A. buy imported goods at a lower price
B. are faced with mass unemployment
C. suffer from insufficient electricity
D. can afford to go to restaurants and cafes
The major reason for the resilience of Russian economy is that ____.
A. the central bank has prevented the financial panic
B. commercial transactions with foreign countries are limited
C. the export of fossil fuel has generated huge revenues
D. shipments and pipelines have reduced transportation costs
The author may agree that the Russian economy ____.
A. will enjoy rapid growth in the near future
B. will encounter more severe sanctions
C. will not be affected by the ban on Russian oil
D. will struggle along until the ban takes effect