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基因编辑产生的音乐植物(下)

Authors

弗里尔博士从大麦开始实验,大麦在三种植物中具有最长的穗,因此最有微调的潜力(他也喜欢喝大麦啤酒。)

基因编辑产生的音乐植物(下)

双语精读

Dr Fril started with barley, which has the longest spikes of the three, and therefore the most potential for fine tuning. (He also likes a glass of beer.)

弗里尔博士从大麦开始实验,大麦在三种植物中具有最长的穗,因此最有微调的潜力(他也喜欢喝大麦啤酒。)

Besides tweaking the spike lengths, his team installed in their modified barley plants versions of the buzz-detecting and nectar-generating genes from evening primroses.

除了调整穗状物的长度,他的团队还在改良后的大麦植株上装上了月见草的蜂群检测和产生花蜜等基因。

Together with a few other genetic rearrangements, the consequent redirection of nutrients (for wind-pollinated crops like barley produce no nectar, meaning the nutrients involved are available for other purposes) means that GeneDupe's Fortissimo barley grows faster than the normal variety if it is played appropriate sounds.

再加上其他一些基因重组,可以致使营养物质重新定向(因为像大麦这样的风媒传粉作物来说,它们不产生花蜜,也意味着相关的营养物质可以用于其他目的)这意味着,如果播放适当的声音,基因复制公司的强音大麦比正常品种生长得更快。

The first generation of Fortissimo barley had not involved too much tinkering with the original genetics, so it was to the buzzing of bees that it responded.

第一代强音大麦并没有修改太多原始基因,所以它只对蜜蜂的嗡嗡声做出了反应。

However, barley's wind pollination means bees do not bother to visit it. It was therefore necessary to play the sound of bees across the experimental field through a speaker stack, which resulted in numerous complaints from the firm's neighbours.

然而,大麦的风媒传粉意味着蜜蜂不为它传粉。因此,通过大量扬声器在整个试验场播放蜜蜂的声音是有必要的,这导致了该公司收到邻居的大量投诉。

Applying another of modern biotechnology's techniques, protein-folding software, did away with that problem.

应用另一种现代生物技术,也就是蛋白质折叠软件,可以解决这个问题。

By predicting how protein chains will fold up, and thus what physical properties the resulting molecule will have, this software allows the design of novel genes that encode suites of proteins which respond appropriately but specifically to a wide range of sounds, from Beethoven to Beyonce.

通过预测蛋白质链如何折叠,以及由此产生的分子将具有什么物理特性,该软件可以设计新的编码蛋白质套件的基因,这些蛋白质套件能够对从贝多芬到碧昂斯的各种声音做出恰当且具体的反应。

That permits farmers to sow whichever variety of crop corresponds to their personal musical taste.

这使得农民可以种植任何一种符合个人音乐品味的作物。

The prize activity of GeneDupe's newly created botanoacoustics division, however, is its work on the flip side of the matter--sound generation by plants.

然而,该公司新成立的植物声学部门的获奖活动则是在另一方面下功夫,也就是植物产生的声音。

The aim of this is to get crops to egg each other on to grow faster, with each plant broadcasting sounds that will stimulate the growth of those adjacent.

这样做的目的是让作物相互促进,加快生长速度,每一种植物播放出的声音都会刺激相邻植物的生长。

That way there will be no need for loudspeakers, aggrieved neighbours or the inevitable arguments about which tracks crops like to listen to most.

这样一来,就不需要扩音器,没有愤愤不平的邻居,也不需要一直争论哪些音乐是作物的最爱。

This last point will in any case be settled in the next generation of Fortissimo crops, for GeneDupe's artificial-intelligence algorithms have developed versions of them that will both generate and respond to any pattern of sound programmed into their DNA, from Rabbie Burns's "Coming through the rye" to that glorious, tub-thumping, harvest-festival hymn, "The valleys stand so thick with corn/That even they are singing".

无论如何,最后一点将在下一代强音作物上得到解决,因为该公司的人工智能算法研制出了这些作物的多个开发版本,它们可以产生和响应编入DNA的任何声音,从罗比·伯恩斯的《穿越麦田》到丰收节那首辉煌的、慷慨激昂的赞美诗,"山谷里长满了玉米/它们甚至都在唱歌"。

With this tweak, Dr Fril is pretty sure he will have a commercial success on his hands after its unveiling to an eager public on Saturday.

有了这一调整,弗里尔博士确信,在周六向迫不及待的群众展示后,他将获得商业上的成功。

词汇预习

  • generate [高考]

    美[ˈdʒenəreɪt] | 英[ˈdʒenəreɪt]

    vt. 产生;发生;引起

  • protein [高考]

    美[ˈproʊtiːn] | 英[ˈprəʊtiːn]

    n. 蛋白质

  • molecule [高考]

    美[ˈmɑːlɪkjuːl] | 英[ˈmɒlɪkjuːl]

    n. 分子;微粒

  • numerous [高考]

    美[ˈnuːmərəs] | 英[ˈnjuːmərəs]

    adj. 为数众多的;许多

  • experimental [高考]

    美[ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl] | 英[ɪkˌsperɪˈmentl]

    adj. 实验的;实验性的;试验性的

  • pollination [高考]

    美[ˈpɑləneʃən] | 英[ˌpɒlə'neɪʃn]

    n. 授粉

  • flip [高考]

    美[flɪp] | 英[flɪp]

    vt. 掷;轻击;弹 vi. 翻转 n. (跳水或体操动作中的)空翻;轻弹;浏览 adj. 无礼的;冒失的;轻率的

  • growth [高考]

    美[ɡroʊθ] | 英[ɡrəʊθ]

    n. 【U】增长;生长;发展;种植 n. 【C】生长物;【医】瘤;赘生物

  • potential [高考]

    美[pəˈtenʃl] | 英[pəˈtenʃl]

    adj. 潜在的;可能的 n. 潜力;潜能 n. 电位;电势

  • range [高考]

    美[reɪndʒ] | 英[reɪndʒ]

    n.范围; 射程; 类别; (山脉,房屋等的)排列 vi.搜索; 变化; 延伸; 漫游 vt.排列; (按一定位置或顺序)排序; 把…分类; 徘徊 adj.牧场的,放牧区的

  • generation [高考]

    美[ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn] | 英[ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn]

    n. 一代(人);一代人的时间;(产品发展的)代;产生

  • thus [高考]

    美[ðʌs] | 英[ðʌs]

    adv. 这样;如此;因此;从而

  • variety [高考]

    美[vəˈraɪəti] | 英[vəˈraɪəti]

    n. 多样;种类;多样化 n. 杂耍

  • respond [高考]

    美[rɪˈspɑːnd] | 英[rɪˈspɒnd]

    v. 回答;响应;反应;反应灵敏;反响 n. [建]壁联;[宗]应唱圣歌

  • whichever [高考]

    美[wɪtʃˈevər] | 英[wɪtʃˈevə(r)]

    adj. 无论哪个;无论哪些 pron. 无论哪个

  • commercial [高考]

    美[kəˈmɜːrʃl] | 英[kəˈmɜːʃl]

    adj. 商业的 n. 商业广告

  • eager [高考]

    美[ˈiːɡər] | 英[ˈiːɡə(r)]

    adj. 热切的;渴望的

  • intelligence [高考]

    美[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] | 英[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]

    n. 智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报

  • artificial [高考]

    美[ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl] | 英[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]

    adj. 人造的;虚伪的;武断的

  • appropriate [高考]

    美[əˈproʊpriət , əˈproʊprieɪt] | 英[əˈprəʊpriət , əˈprəʊprieɪt]

    adj. 适当的;相称的 vt. 占用;拨出(款项)

  • software [高考]

    美[ˈsɔːftwer] | 英[ˈsɒftweə(r)]

    n. 软件

  • division [高考]

    美[dɪˈvɪʒn] | 英[dɪˈvɪʒn]

    n. 划分;除法;部门;分开;师(军队)

  • sow [高考]

    美[soʊ , saʊ] | 英[səʊ , saʊ]

    v. 播种;散布;使密布 n. 母猪

  • respond to [高考]

    美[rɪˈspɑːnd tu] | 英[rɪˈspɒnd tu]

    响应; 对 ... 起反应

  • necessary to [高考]

    美 | 英

    n. 为 ... 所必需

  • means [高考]

    美[miːnz] | 英[miːnz]

    n. 方法;手段;收入;财产 v. 意思是,意味(动词mean的第三人称单数)

  • stimulate [高考]

    美[ˈstɪmjuleɪt] | 英[ˈstɪmjuleɪt]

    vt. 刺激;激励;鼓舞 vi. 起刺激作用

  • genetics [高考]

    美[dʒəˈnetɪks] | 英[dʒəˈnetɪks]

    n. 遗传学

  • inevitable [四级]

    美[ɪnˈevɪtəbl] | 英[ɪnˈevɪtəbl]

    adj. 不可避免的;必然(发生)的

  • stack [四级]

    美[stæk] | 英[stæk]

    n. 堆;一大堆;【计】存储栈;迭式存储器,栈式存储器;存储栈数据 v. 堆积;堆放

  • glorious [四级]

    美[ˈɡlɔːriəs] | 英[ˈɡlɔːriəs]

    adj. 光荣的;辉煌的;[口]愉快的

  • appropriately [四级]

    美[əˈprəʊpriətli] | 英[əˈprəʊpriətli]

    adv. 适当地

  • barley [四级]

    美[ˈbɑːrli] | 英[ˈbɑːli]

    n. 大麦

  • encode [四级]

    美[ɪnˈkoʊd] | 英[ɪnˈkəʊd]

    vt. 编码;译码

  • biotechnology [四级]

    美[ˌbaɪoʊtekˈnɑːlədʒi] | 英[ˌbaɪəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi]

    n. 生物技术

  • in any case [四级]

    美[ɪn ˈɛni kes] | 英[in ˈeni keis]

    无论如何; 不管怎样

  • involved [四级]

    美[ɪnˈvɑlvd] | 英[ɪnˈvɒlvd]

    adj. 涉及的;牵连的;复杂的;感情投入的;有密切关系的

  • adjacent [六级]

    美[əˈdʒeɪsnt] | 英[əˈdʒeɪsnt]

    adj. 邻近的;毗连的;接近的

  • consequent [六级]

    美[ˈkɑːnsɪkwənt] | 英[ˈkɒnsɪkwənt]

    adj. 作为结果的;随之发生的;合乎逻辑的 n. 推论;结论;[数]后项

  • buzz [六级]

    美[bʌz] | 英[bʌz]

    vi. 发出嗡嗡声;充满;匆忙 vt. 使嗡嗡叫;低飞掠过;打电话 n. 嗡嗡声;电话

  • hymn [六级]

    美[hɪm] | 英[hɪm]

    n. 赞美诗;圣歌 v. 唱赞美歌

  • tub [六级]

    美[tʌb] | 英[tʌb]

    n. 桶;浴盆;[口]行进缓慢的旧船 v. 装入桶;洗澡

  • nectar [专八]

    美[ˈnɛktɚ] | 英[ˈnektə(r)]

    n. 花蜜;甜美的饮料;众神饮用的酒

  • aggrieved [专八]

    美[əˈɡrivd] | 英[əˈgri:vd]

    adj. (因受伤害而)愤愤不平的;痛心的;受到侵犯的

  • rye [托福]

    美[raɪ] | 英[raɪ]

    n. 黑麦;黑麦威士忌酒;吉卜赛男人

重点讲解

Dr Fril started with barley, which has the longest spikes of the three, and therefore the most potential for fine tuning. (He also likes a glass of beer.)

弗里尔博士从大麦开始实验,大麦在三种植物中具有最长的穗,因此最有微调的潜力(他也喜欢喝大麦啤酒。)

fine tuning   微调,细小调整

【例】The system is set up but it needs some fine tuning.

该系统已装配好,但需要一些细小调整。

【拓展】tune    n. & v.

1. 作名词:曲调;曲子

【例】I don't know the title but I recognize the tune.

我不知道曲名,但听得出这曲调。

2. 作动词

(1)调整;使协调

【例】His speech was tuned to what the audience wanted to hear.

他在演讲中专讲听众爱听的话。

(2)(为乐器)调音,校音;(给收音机、电视等)调频道

【例】to tune a guitar 给吉他调弦

install    v.

1. 安装;设置

【例】I'll need some help installing the software.

我得找人帮忙安装这个软件。

2. (常以正式仪式)使就职,任命

【例】He was installed as President last May.

他于去年五月份正式就任总统。

3. 安顿;安置

【例】We installed ourselves in the front row.

我们舒舒服服地坐进了前排。

Besides tweaking the spike lengths, his team installed in their modified barley plants versions of the buzz-detecting and nectar-generating genes from evening primroses.

除了调整穗状物的长度,他的团队还在改良后的大麦植株上装上了月见草的蜂群检测和产生花蜜等基因。

fine tuning   微调,细小调整

【例】The system is set up but it needs some fine tuning.

该系统已装配好,但需要一些细小调整。

【拓展】tune    n. & v.

1. 作名词:曲调;曲子

【例】I don't know the title but I recognize the tune.

我不知道曲名,但听得出这曲调。

2. 作动词

(1)调整;使协调

【例】His speech was tuned to what the audience wanted to hear.

他在演讲中专讲听众爱听的话。

(2)(为乐器)调音,校音;(给收音机、电视等)调频道

【例】to tune a guitar 给吉他调弦

install    v.

1. 安装;设置

【例】I'll need some help installing the software.

我得找人帮忙安装这个软件。

2. (常以正式仪式)使就职,任命

【例】He was installed as President last May.

他于去年五月份正式就任总统。

3. 安顿;安置

【例】We installed ourselves in the front row.

我们舒舒服服地坐进了前排。

Together with a few other genetic rearrangements, the consequent redirection of nutrients (for wind-pollinated crops like barley produce no nectar, meaning the nutrients involved are available for other purposes) means that GeneDupe's Fortissimo barley grows faster than the normal variety if it is played appropriate sounds.

再加上其他一些基因重组,可以致使营养物质重新定向(因为像大麦这样的风媒传粉作物来说,它们不产生花蜜,也意味着相关的营养物质可以用于其他目的)这意味着,如果播放适当的声音,基因复制公司的强音大麦比正常品种生长得更快。

tinker     v. & n.

1. 作动词:做小改动,做小修补

【例】Congress has been tinkering with the legislation.

国会一直在对这项立法做些小修小补。

2. 作名词:(旧时走街串巷的)小贩,补锅匠

【例】The man was a traveling tinker.

这个人是位流浪修补匠。

The first generation of Fortissimo barley had not involved too much tinkering with the original genetics, so it was to the buzzing of bees that it responded.

第一代强音大麦并没有修改太多原始基因,所以它只对蜜蜂的嗡嗡声做出了反应。

tinker     v. & n.

1. 作动词:做小改动,做小修补

【例】Congress has been tinkering with the legislation.

国会一直在对这项立法做些小修小补。

2. 作名词:(旧时走街串巷的)小贩,补锅匠

【例】The man was a traveling tinker.

这个人是位流浪修补匠。

However, barley's wind pollination means bees do not bother to visit it. It was therefore necessary to play the sound of bees across the experimental field through a speaker stack, which resulted in numerous complaints from the firm's neighbours.

然而,大麦的风媒传粉意味着蜜蜂不为它传粉。因此,通过大量扬声器在整个试验场播放蜜蜂的声音是有必要的,这导致了该公司收到邻居的大量投诉。

apply   v.

1. (通常以书面形式)申请,请求

【例】to apply for a job/passport/grant 申请工作/护照/拨款

2. 应用,运用

【例】New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.

新技术几乎应用到所有的工业流程中。

3. 涂;敷

【例】Apply the cream evenly over the skin.

将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。

do away with  废除;取消;结束 

【例】He thinks it's time we did away with the monarchy.

他认为我们该废除君主制了。

【拓展】abolish  v. 废除,废止(法律、制度、习俗等)

【例】This tax should be abolished.

这种税应该取消。

Applying another of modern biotechnology's techniques, protein-folding software, did away with that problem.

应用另一种现代生物技术,也就是蛋白质折叠软件,可以解决这个问题。

apply   v.

1. (通常以书面形式)申请,请求

【例】to apply for a job/passport/grant 申请工作/护照/拨款

2. 应用,运用

【例】New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.

新技术几乎应用到所有的工业流程中。

3. 涂;敷

【例】Apply the cream evenly over the skin.

将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。

do away with  废除;取消;结束 

【例】He thinks it's time we did away with the monarchy.

他认为我们该废除君主制了。

【拓展】abolish  v. 废除,废止(法律、制度、习俗等)

【例】This tax should be abolished.

这种税应该取消。

By predicting how protein chains will fold up, and thus what physical properties the resulting molecule will have, this software allows the design of novel genes that encode suites of proteins which respond appropriately but specifically to a wide range of sounds, from Beethoven to Beyonce.

通过预测蛋白质链如何折叠,以及由此产生的分子将具有什么物理特性,该软件可以设计新的编码蛋白质套件的基因,这些蛋白质套件能够对从贝多芬到碧昂斯的各种声音做出恰当且具体的反应。

property   n. 

1. 财产,资产

【例】The building is government property.

这座大楼是政府的财产。

2. 不动产;房地产

【例】property prices 房地产价格

3. 性质;特性

【例】Compare the physical properties of the two substances.

比较一下这两种物质的物理性质。

novel   n. & a.

1. 作名词:(长篇)小说

【例】to write /read a novel 创作/阅读长篇小说

2. 作形容词:新颖的;与众不同的

【例】What a novel idea!

多么新奇的想法呀!

specifically   ad.

1. 明确地;具体地

【例】I specifically told you not to go near the water!

我明确告诉过你不要靠近水边!

2. 特意;专门地

【例】advertising that specifically targets children 专门针对儿童的广告

That permits farmers to sow whichever variety of crop corresponds to their personal musical taste.

这使得农民可以种植任何一种符合个人音乐品味的作物。

property   n. 

1. 财产,资产

【例】The building is government property.

这座大楼是政府的财产。

2. 不动产;房地产

【例】property prices 房地产价格

3. 性质;特性

【例】Compare the physical properties of the two substances.

比较一下这两种物质的物理性质。

novel   n. & a.

1. 作名词:(长篇)小说

【例】to write /read a novel 创作/阅读长篇小说

2. 作形容词:新颖的;与众不同的

【例】What a novel idea!

多么新奇的想法呀!

specifically   ad.

1. 明确地;具体地

【例】I specifically told you not to go near the water!

我明确告诉过你不要靠近水边!

2. 特意;专门地

【例】advertising that specifically targets children 专门针对儿童的广告

The prize activity of GeneDupe's newly created botanoacoustics division, however, is its work on the flip side of the matter--sound generation by plants.

然而,该公司新成立的植物声学部门的获奖活动则是在另一方面下功夫,也就是植物产生的声音。

division   n.

1. 分开;分隔

【例】a fair division of time and resources 时间和资源的合理分配

2. (机构的)部门

【例】the company’s sales division 公司销售部

3. 分歧;差异

【例】divisions between rich and poor 贫富差异

on the flip side  另一方面

【例】On the flip side, a major disadvantage is that private lessons add substantially to a student's workload.

另一方面,一个主要的劣势是私下补课大大增加了学生的负担。

【拓展】flip    v. & n.

1. 作动词

(1)(使)快速翻转,迅速翻动

【例】He flipped the paper over and started writing on the back.

他快速地把纸翻过来,在背面写了起来。

(2)按(开关/按钮);轻抛,轻掷

【例】to flip a switch/a coin 按开关/抛硬币

(3)异常激动;神志不清

【例】She finally flipped under the pressure.

她在这种压力下终于发疯了。

2. 作名词

(1)轻抛;空翻

【例】Her heart did a flip.

她心里咯噔了一下子。

(2)浏览;草草翻阅

【例】I had a quick flip through the report while I was waiting.

我等待时迅速浏览了一下报告。

The aim of this is to get crops to egg each other on to grow faster, with each plant broadcasting sounds that will stimulate the growth of those adjacent.

这样做的目的是让作物相互促进,加快生长速度,每一种植物播放出的声音都会刺激相邻植物的生长。

egg   n. & v. 

1. 作名词:(鸟类的)蛋;(鱼、昆虫等的)卵

【例】a boiled egg 煮蛋

2. 作动词:鼓动;怂恿;煽动

【例】Bob didn’t want to jump, but his friends kept egging him on.

鲍勃不想跳,可他的朋友一个劲地鼓动他。

That way there will be no need for loudspeakers, aggrieved neighbours or the inevitable arguments about which tracks crops like to listen to most.

这样一来,就不需要扩音器,没有愤愤不平的邻居,也不需要一直争论哪些音乐是作物的最爱。

egg   n. & v. 

1. 作名词:(鸟类的)蛋;(鱼、昆虫等的)卵

【例】a boiled egg 煮蛋

2. 作动词:鼓动;怂恿;煽动

【例】Bob didn’t want to jump, but his friends kept egging him on.

鲍勃不想跳,可他的朋友一个劲地鼓动他。

This last point will in any case be settled in the next generation of Fortissimo crops, for GeneDupe's artificial-intelligence algorithms have developed versions of them that will both generate and respond to any pattern of sound programmed into their DNA, from Rabbie Burns's "Coming through the rye" to that glorious, tub-thumping, harvest-festival hymn, "The valleys stand so thick with corn/That even they are singing".

无论如何,最后一点将在下一代强音作物上得到解决,因为该公司的人工智能算法研制出了这些作物的多个开发版本,它们可以产生和响应编入DNA的任何声音,从罗比·伯恩斯的《穿越麦田》到丰收节那首辉煌的、慷慨激昂的赞美诗,"山谷里长满了玉米/它们甚至都在唱歌"。

unveil    v.

1. 为…揭幕,揭去…上的覆盖物

【例】The statue was unveiled by the Queen.

这尊雕塑由女王揭幕。

2. (首次)展示,介绍

【例】The club has unveiled plans to build a new stadium.

俱乐部首次披露了要建造一座新体育馆的计划。

With this tweak, Dr Fril is pretty sure he will have a commercial success on his hands after its unveiling to an eager public on Saturday.

有了这一调整,弗里尔博士确信,在周六向迫不及待的群众展示后,他将获得商业上的成功。

unveil    v.

1. 为…揭幕,揭去…上的覆盖物

【例】The statue was unveiled by the Queen.

这尊雕塑由女王揭幕。

2. (首次)展示,介绍

【例】The club has unveiled plans to build a new stadium.

俱乐部首次披露了要建造一座新体育馆的计划。

课后练习

  • When the Fortissimo barley is played the buzzing of bees, ____.

    A. it will grow longer spikes

    B. it will produce nectar

    C. it will grow faster

    D. it will absorb more nutrients

  • The problem of the first generation of Fortissimo barley is that ____.

    A. it doesn’t respond to the buzzing of bees properly

    B. it relies on bees to pollinate and produce seeds

    C. it cannot attract bees and needs loudspeakers

    D. it attracts many insects thus ruining other crops

  • The protein-folding software can ____.

    A. increase the amount of protein in the crop

    B. change the physical properties of the protein

    C. preserve the diversity of the crop’s genes

    D. allow the crop to respond to other music

  • What can be learned about the next generation of Fortissimo crops?

    A. They can produce sounds and promote growth mutually.

    B. They can grow faster with louder sounds or music.

    C. They can generate music for people to hear.

    D. They can use music to communicate with each other.