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血的代价:全球血液制品供不应求(Paying for pints: Blood boom)
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血的代价: 全球血液制品供不应求
自愿献血者(每次大约得到40美元报酬)将坐在血浆分离机旁,血管与机器相连。 ![]()
双语精读
Paying for pints: Blood boom
血的代价:血液繁荣
An unusual sort of business will soon open in Shelby, North Carolina. But it will not sell anything itself. Instead, willing donors, paid around $40 a pop, will sit connected to an apheresis machine.
一种不寻常的生意即将在北卡罗来纳州的谢尔比开业。但是这家公司本身不会出售任何东西。相反,自愿献血者(每次大约得到40美元报酬)将坐在血浆分离机旁,血管与机器相连。
Over the course of an hour, the machine will extract their blood, siphon out plasma and recirculate the remaining fluid.
在一个小时的过程中,这台机器会抽取他们的血液,吸出血浆,并将剩余的液体重新输回献血者体内。
The plasma will then be made into medicines, such as clotting factors for haemophiliacs and intravenous immunoglobulins for those suffering from autoimmune diseases.
然后血浆将被制成药物,如用于血友病患者的凝血因子和用于自身免疫性疾病患者的静脉注射免疫球蛋白。
Shelby's latest arrival will be one of 400 or so plasma-collection centres to have opened in America since the start of 2020, as pharmaceutical firms respond to growing demand.
谢尔比最新开设的血浆采集中心将是自2020年初以来在美国开设的大约400家血浆采集中心之一,因为制药公司正在响应不断增长的需求。
All told, America now supplies 70% or so of the plasma used to make medicine. America's booming blood trade is not an unmitigated success story, however, since it reflects problems elsewhere.
总体来说,美国现在供应了70%左右的用于制造药品的血浆。然而,美国繁荣的血液贸易并不是纯粹的成功,因为它反映了其他地方的问题。
The trade is mostly driven by two factors. The first is greater demand for plasma products: doctors have found ever more uses for the medicines, especially intravenous immunoglobulin.
血液贸易主要由两个因素驱动。第一个因素是对血浆制品的需求增加:医生发现了越来越多的对这些药物的用途,尤其是静脉注射免疫球蛋白。
The second reason is restrictions on plasma collection in other countries, owing to a combination of misplaced worries about safety and concerns about the morality of rewarding people for their bodily fluids.
第二个因素是其他国家对血浆采集的限制,这是由于人们有一些不必要的对安全问题的担忧,以及人们对因捐赠血液而获得报酬的道德问题也存在忧虑。
In June the European Parliament approved new regulations that allow compensation to be offered for donations, but ban it from being mentioned in advertising and cap payments to an amount proportionate to the value of time spent donating.
今年6月,欧洲议会批准了新法规,允许为血浆捐赠提供报酬,但禁止在献血广告中提及报酬,并将报酬金额限制在与献血所花的时间价值成比例的数额内。
Such qualms do not stop countries from importing American blood. Britain and Canada are almost entirely dependent on the country's plasma; Europe brings in lots, too.
这些疑虑并没有阻止各国进口美国血液。英国和加拿大几乎完全依赖美国的血浆;欧洲也进口了不少。
Some countries are even more flagrant in their double standards. France lobbied against the European Union's recent regulatory changes, arguing that they risked making the human body a commodity, as is "already a reality in the United States".
一些国家的双标行为甚至更加明目张胆。法国进行游说,反对欧盟最近的监管改革,认为这可能会使人体成为一种商品,而"人体成为商品已经在美国变成了现实"。
At the same time, the French government is the sole shareholder in a company that owns six plasma centres in America, which pay donors, with the fluid collected available for use in France.
与此同时,法国政府又是一家在美国拥有六个血浆中心的公司的唯一股东,这些中心向捐赠者付费,收集的血液可在法国使用。
Yet hypocrisy is far from the worst problem in the blood trade. According to Albert Farrugia of the University of Western Australia and colleagues, consumption of plasma medicine would be greater still if more was available.
然而,伪善远非血液贸易中最严重的问题。根据西澳大学的阿尔伯特·法鲁贾及其同事,如果有更多的血浆可供使用,那么对血浆药品的消费量将会更大。
They find that outside America, Australia and Canada, use of immunoglobulin is lower than studies estimating demand suggest it ought to be, indicating that people who would benefit from treatment are missing out.
他们发现,在美国、澳大利亚和加拿大以外,免疫球蛋白的使用低于估计需求的研究所表明的应有水平,这说明一些本应从治疗中受益的人没有得到治疗。
词汇预习
elsewhere [高考]
美[ˌelsˈwer] | 英[ˌelsˈweə(r)]
adv. 别处
consumption [高考]
美[kənˈsʌmpʃn] | 英[kənˈsʌmpʃn]
n. 消费;消耗;肺痨
combination [高考]
美[ˌkɑːmbɪˈneɪʃn] | 英[ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃn]
n. 结合;结合到一起的事物或人;数码组合,字码组合
entirely [高考]
美[ɪnˈtaɪərli] | 英[ɪnˈtaɪəli]
adv. 完全地;全部地
dependent [高考]
美[dɪˈpendənt] | 英[dɪˈpendənt]
adj. 依靠的;依赖的;从属的 n. 依赖他人者;受赡养者
bodily [高考]
美[ˈbɑdɪli] | 英[ˈbɒdɪli]
adj. 肉体的;身体的;具体的 adv. 全部地;活生生地;亲自地
suffering [高考]
美[ˈsʌfərɪŋ] | 英[ˈsʌfərɪŋ]
n. 痛苦;受难
compensation [高考]
美[ˌkɑːmpenˈseɪʃn] | 英[ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn]
n. 补偿;赔偿;赔偿金
demand [高考]
美[dɪˈmænd] | 英[dɪˈmɑːnd]
n. 要求;需求 v. 要求;查问;需要
respond [高考]
美[rɪˈspɑːnd] | 英[rɪˈspɒnd]
v. 回答;响应;反应;反应灵敏;反响 n. [建]壁联;[宗]应唱圣歌
arrival [高考]
美[əˈraɪvl] | 英[əˈraɪvl]
n. 到达;达到;到达者;新生儿
ban [高考]
美[bæn] | 英[bæn]
v. 禁止;剥夺权利 n. 禁令;禁止
boom [高考]
美[buːm] | 英[buːm]
n. 繁荣;兴旺;激增;低沉声 n. 帆杠;吊杆;支臂;尾桁;水栅 vi. 急速增长;发出低沉声 vt. 使兴旺;促进
ought [高考]
美[ˈɔːt] | 英[ˈɔːt]
aux. 应该;应当;本该 vi. 应该,应当;大概
benefit from [高考]
美[ˈbɛnəfɪt frʌm] | 英[ˈbenifit frɔm]
得益于; 从 ... 得到好处
demand for [高考]
美[dɪˈmænd fɔr] | 英[diˈmɑ:nd fɔ:]
对 ... 的要求; 对 ... 的需求
respond to [高考]
美[rɪˈspɑːnd tu] | 英[rɪˈspɒnd tu]
响应; 对 ... 起反应
dependent on [高考]
美 | 英
取决于, 依赖
lower [高考]
美[ˈloʊər] | 英[ˈləʊə(r)]
adj. 低的;下级的;下层的 v. 降低;减弱;跌落
ought to [高考]
美[ˈɔːt tə] | 英[ˈɔːt tə]
应该;应当
fluid [高考]
美[ˈfluːɪd] | 英[ˈfluːɪd]
n. 液体;流体 adj. 流动的;流畅的;不定的
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将;可能;大概;总会;愿意;will的过去式
commodity [四级]
美[kəˈmɑːdəti] | 英[kəˈmɒdəti]
n. 商品;日用品;有价值之物
regulatory [四级]
美[ˈregjələtɔri] | 英[ˈregjələtəri]
adj. 管理的;控制的;调整的
morality [四级]
美[məˈræləti] | 英[məˈræləti]
n. 道德;美德;品行;道德观
pharmaceutical [四级]
美[ˌfɑːrməˈsuːtɪkl] | 英[ˌfɑːməˈsuːtɪkl]
adj. 制药的;配药的 n. 药品;成药
owing to [四级]
美[ˈoɪŋ tu] | 英[ˈəuiŋ tu:]
由于;因为
advertising [四级]
美[ˈædvərtaɪzɪŋ] | 英[ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ]
n. 广告;广告业
rewarding [四级]
美[rɪˈwɔːrdɪŋ] | 英[rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ]
adj. 有报酬的;有益的;值得的
extract [六级]
美[ˈekstrækt , ɪkˈstrækt] | 英[ˈekstrækt , ɪkˈstrækt]
vt. 摘录;提取;拔出;榨出;选取 n. 摘录;精华;榨出物
or so [六级]
美[ɔːr soʊ] | 英[ɔː(r) səʊ]
大约;左右;把
sole [六级]
美[soʊl] | 英[səʊl]
adj. 独占的;唯一的 n. 脚底;鞋底 n. 鳎鱼 vt. 给(鞋)换底
owing [专四]
美[ˈoʊɪŋ] | 英[ˈəʊɪŋ]
adj. 未付的;归因于…的
hypocrisy [专四]
美[hɪˈpɑːkrəsi] | 英[hɪˈpɒkrəsi]
n. 伪善
siphon [专八]
美[ˈsaɪfən] | 英['saɪfn]
n. 虹吸管 v. 用虹吸管吸出或排出;转移(钱)
flagrant [专八]
美[ˈfleɪɡrənt] | 英[ˈfleɪɡrənt]
adj. 恶名昭著的;明目张胆的
booming [雅思]
美[ˈbuːmɪŋ] | 英[ˈbuːmɪŋ]
adj. 兴旺的;繁荣的;轰隆作响的
重点讲解
Paying for pints: Blood boom
血的代价:血液繁荣
willing adj. 自愿的;积极肯干的
【例】a willing helper 主动帮忙的人
a willing worker 积极肯干的工人
a willing student 上进好学的学生
【搭配】be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
【近义词】volunteer n./adj. 自愿的
An unusual sort of business will soon open in Shelby, North Carolina. But it will not sell anything itself. Instead, willing donors, paid around $40 a pop, will sit connected to an apheresis machine.
一种不寻常的生意即将在北卡罗来纳州的谢尔比开业。但是这家公司本身不会出售任何东西。相反,自愿献血者(每次大约得到40美元报酬)将坐在血浆分离机旁,血管与机器相连。
willing adj. 自愿的;积极肯干的
【例】a willing helper 主动帮忙的人
a willing worker 积极肯干的工人
a willing student 上进好学的学生
【搭配】be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
【近义词】volunteer n./adj. 自愿的
Over the course of an hour, the machine will extract their blood, siphon out plasma and recirculate the remaining fluid.
在一个小时的过程中,这台机器会抽取他们的血液,吸出血浆,并将剩余的液体重新输回献血者体内。
siphon out sth 把某物吸出来
【例】They siphoned out the water from the flooded basement.
他们把淹水的地下室里的水抽出去了。
The project siphoned out millions of dollars from the funds.
这个项目从基金中吸走了/耗费了数百万美元。
clot n. & v.
1. 作为名词:块状物
【例】blood clot 血块
clots of cream 奶油块
2. 作为动词:使凝结成块
【例】Milk clots when it turns sour.
牛奶变酸就会结成块。
The plasma will then be made into medicines, such as clotting factors for haemophiliacs and intravenous immunoglobulins for those suffering from autoimmune diseases.
然后血浆将被制成药物,如用于血友病患者的凝血因子和用于自身免疫性疾病患者的静脉注射免疫球蛋白。
siphon out sth 把某物吸出来
【例】They siphoned out the water from the flooded basement.
他们把淹水的地下室里的水抽出去了。
The project siphoned out millions of dollars from the funds.
这个项目从基金中吸走了/耗费了数百万美元。
clot n. & v.
1. 作为名词:块状物
【例】blood clot 血块
clots of cream 奶油块
2. 作为动词:使凝结成块
【例】Milk clots when it turns sour.
牛奶变酸就会结成块。
Shelby's latest arrival will be one of 400 or so plasma-collection centres to have opened in America since the start of 2020, as pharmaceutical firms respond to growing demand.
谢尔比最新开设的血浆采集中心将是自2020年初以来在美国开设的大约400家血浆采集中心之一,因为制药公司正在响应不断增长的需求。
unmitigated adj. 十足的;全然的
【例】unmitigated hostility 毫不缓和的敌意
an unmitigated disaster 彻头彻尾的灾难
【拓展】mitigate v. 缓和;减轻
All told, America now supplies 70% or so of the plasma used to make medicine. America's booming blood trade is not an unmitigated success story, however, since it reflects problems elsewhere.
总体来说,美国现在供应了70%左右的用于制造药品的血浆。然而,美国繁荣的血液贸易并不是纯粹的成功,因为它反映了其他地方的问题。
unmitigated adj. 十足的;全然的
【例】unmitigated hostility 毫不缓和的敌意
an unmitigated disaster 彻头彻尾的灾难
【拓展】mitigate v. 缓和;减轻
The trade is mostly driven by two factors. The first is greater demand for plasma products: doctors have found ever more uses for the medicines, especially intravenous immunoglobulin.
血液贸易主要由两个因素驱动。第一个因素是对血浆制品的需求增加:医生发现了越来越多的对这些药物的用途,尤其是静脉注射免疫球蛋白。
misplaced adj. 放错位置的;错误的
【例】Your trust is misplaced.
你信错了人。
Some of the fears of AI technology are misplaced.
对人工智能技术的一些恐惧是错误的。
The second reason is restrictions on plasma collection in other countries, owing to a combination of misplaced worries about safety and concerns about the morality of rewarding people for their bodily fluids.
第二个因素是其他国家对血浆采集的限制,这是由于人们有一些不必要的对安全问题的担忧,以及人们对因捐赠血液而获得报酬的道德问题也存在忧虑。
misplaced adj. 放错位置的;错误的
【例】Your trust is misplaced.
你信错了人。
Some of the fears of AI technology are misplaced.
对人工智能技术的一些恐惧是错误的。
In June the European Parliament approved new regulations that allow compensation to be offered for donations, but ban it from being mentioned in advertising and cap payments to an amount proportionate to the value of time spent donating.
今年6月,欧洲议会批准了新法规,允许为血浆捐赠提供报酬,但禁止在献血广告中提及报酬,并将报酬金额限制在与献血所花的时间价值成比例的数额内。
be proportionate to sth 与某物成比例的;与某物相称的
【例】The punishment should be proportionate to the crime committed.
惩罚应于所犯的罪相称/应该量罪定刑。
Wages will rise at a rate proportionate to expenses.
工资将按与开支相称的比例增加。
【反义词】be disproportionate to sth 与某物不成比例的;与某物相比太大的(太小的)
【拓展】proportion n. 比例
Such qualms do not stop countries from importing American blood. Britain and Canada are almost entirely dependent on the country's plasma; Europe brings in lots, too.
这些疑虑并没有阻止各国进口美国血液。英国和加拿大几乎完全依赖美国的血浆;欧洲也进口了不少。
be proportionate to sth 与某物成比例的;与某物相称的
【例】The punishment should be proportionate to the crime committed.
惩罚应于所犯的罪相称/应该量罪定刑。
Wages will rise at a rate proportionate to expenses.
工资将按与开支相称的比例增加。
【反义词】be disproportionate to sth 与某物不成比例的;与某物相比太大的(太小的)
【拓展】proportion n. 比例
Some countries are even more flagrant in their double standards. France lobbied against the European Union's recent regulatory changes, arguing that they risked making the human body a commodity, as is "already a reality in the United States".
一些国家的双标行为甚至更加明目张胆。法国进行游说,反对欧盟最近的监管改革,认为这可能会使人体成为一种商品,而"人体成为商品已经在美国变成了现实"。
flagrant adj. 罪恶昭彰的;明目张胆的
【例】a flagrant abuse of human rights 公然践踏人权
【辨析】fragrant adj. 芬芳的;芳香的
At the same time, the French government is the sole shareholder in a company that owns six plasma centres in America, which pay donors, with the fluid collected available for use in France.
与此同时,法国政府又是一家在美国拥有六个血浆中心的公司的唯一股东,这些中心向捐赠者付费,收集的血液可在法国使用。
flagrant adj. 罪恶昭彰的;明目张胆的
【例】a flagrant abuse of human rights 公然践踏人权
【辨析】fragrant adj. 芬芳的;芳香的
Yet hypocrisy is far from the worst problem in the blood trade. According to Albert Farrugia of the University of Western Australia and colleagues, consumption of plasma medicine would be greater still if more was available.
然而,伪善远非血液贸易中最严重的问题。根据西澳大学的阿尔伯特·法鲁贾及其同事,如果有更多的血浆可供使用,那么对血浆药品的消费量将会更大。
hypocrisy n. 虚伪;伪善
【例】The politician was accused of hypocrisy for promoting environmental causes while driving a gas-guzzling car.
这个政客被指责是虚伪的,一边提倡保护环境,一边自己开着耗油极大的汽车。
【拓展】hypocritical adj. 虚伪的;伪善的;道貌岸然的
hypocrite n. 伪君子
They find that outside America, Australia and Canada, use of immunoglobulin is lower than studies estimating demand suggest it ought to be, indicating that people who would benefit from treatment are missing out.
他们发现,在美国、澳大利亚和加拿大以外,免疫球蛋白的使用低于估计需求的研究所表明的应有水平,这说明一些本应从治疗中受益的人没有得到治疗。
hypocrisy n. 虚伪;伪善
【例】The politician was accused of hypocrisy for promoting environmental causes while driving a gas-guzzling car.
这个政客被指责是虚伪的,一边提倡保护环境,一边自己开着耗油极大的汽车。
【拓展】hypocritical adj. 虚伪的;伪善的;道貌岸然的
hypocrite n. 伪君子
课后练习
What will the new business in Shelby primarily do?
A. Sell medical equipment to local hospitals.
B. Provide blood and treatment for patients.
C. Offer free medical check-ups for the community.
D. Extract plasma from willing donors to make medicines.
What do the new regulations in Europe indicate?
A. Europe is increasing its reliance on American plasma.
B. Europe has completely banned plasma donations.
C. Europe still restricts compensation for plasma donation.
D. Europe is encouraging paying for plasma donation.
What do the actions of the French government reveal?
A. The French government is entirely self-sufficient in plasma collection.
B. The French government strictly opposes any form of plasma collection.
C. The French government supports American plasma collection practices.
D. The French government is inconsistent in its stance on plasma collection.
What is the most significant issue in the global blood trade?
A. Hypocrisy in the policies of different countries.
B. Insufficient supply of plasma medicine in most countries.
C. Excessive pricing of plasma-derived medicines in richer countries.
D. Over-consumption of plasma medicine in America, Australia, and Canada.