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佛罗里达珊瑚的绝地营救(下)
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"珊瑚礁就像煤矿里的金丝雀，"他说。"这些金丝雀逐渐死去，已经持续40年了。"
双语精读
Mass bleaching events were unheard-of a half century ago, but they've been increasing in frequency and severity since the 1980s. By some estimates, the world has lost half of its coral cover since 1950.
大规模白化事件在半个世纪以前是闻所未闻的，但自20世纪80年代以来，白化的频率和严重性一直在增加。据估计，自1950年以来，全世界的珊瑚覆盖面积已经减少了一半。
The coral reefs of the Florida Keys have suffered a sharp decline since the 1970s, primarily because of disease and bleaching, both of which are directly linked to increasing ocean temperature, Dr. Manzello said. "You talk about canaries in the coal mine," he said. "These canaries have been dying now for 40 years."
曼泽洛博士说，自20世纪70年代末以来，佛罗里达礁岛的珊瑚礁数量急剧减少，主要原因是疾病和白化，而这两者都与海洋温度上升直接相关。"珊瑚礁就像煤矿里的金丝雀，"他说。"这些金丝雀逐渐死去，已经持续40年了。"
The losses have inspired scientists and enthusiasts to intervene, propelling the field of coral restoration. Ken Nedimyer, for example, stepped away from a successful business as a tropical fish wholesaler some 20 years ago to throw himself into growing staghorn and elkhorn coral in offshore nurseries and planting them on Florida's reef.
这些损失促使科学家和珊瑚爱好者进行干预，推动了珊瑚复育工作的发展。例如，肯·尼迪迈尔20多年前放弃了他非常成功的热带鱼批发生意，转而投身于近海复育场的麋角珊瑚和鹿角珊瑚的养育工作，并将珊瑚种植在佛罗里达州的珊瑚礁上。
He went on to found Coral Restoration Foundation and then a newer nonprofit group, Reef Renewal USA, which he still runs. He has dealt with bleaching and hurricanes before, but these past couple of weeks have shaken him like never before. "I don't really know how to process it," Mr. Nedimyer said.
他后来创立了珊瑚复育基金会，然后又成立了一个比较新的非营利性组织--美国珊瑚礁复兴组织，目前他仍在运营该组织。尼迪迈尔曾经遇到过白化和飓风的情况，但过去几周给他带来了前所未有的震撼。"我真的不知道该怎么处理。"尼迪迈尔说。
To be clear, he hasn't stopped working. It has been a whirlwind of gathering genetic samples, finding space for coral in tanks on land, applying for emergency permits to move nurseries to deeper, cooler water.
需要说明的是，他并没有停止工作。他马不停蹄地去收集基因样本，在陆地上的水箱中为珊瑚腾出地方，申请紧急许可、将复育场转移到更深更冷的水域。
But for the first time, he said, he's questioning whether such efforts can be successful over the long term. Last year, greenhouse gas emissions in the US went up, not down. Globally, emissions were on target to hit a record high. "I keep thinking, what's it going to take to get people's attention?" Mr. Nedimyer asked.
但他表示，这是他第一次对这种努力能否在长期内取得成功而感到质疑。去年，美国的温室气体排放量上升而非下降。全球范围内，排放量创下历史新高。"我一直在想，怎样才能引起人们的注意？"内迪迈尔先生问道。
David Obura, a marine biologist and co-chairman of the coral specialist group for the International Union for Conservation of Nature, praised certain restoration efforts but noted that without climate action, they are all but useless.
海洋生物学家、国际自然保护联盟珊瑚专家小组的联合主席大卫·奥布拉赞扬了某些复育工作，但他指出，如果没有气候方面的行动，这些努力几乎都是徒劳。
"With the main drivers of impact continuing to rise, they may just 'buy time' for just a few years," Dr. Obura wrote in an email. "It is of course critical to attempt this, but this must not distract focus on addressing what and who is causing the problem."
"随着主要驱动因素的继续上升，他们可能只是‘争取到'几年的时间而已。"奥布拉博士在一封电子邮件中写道。"这些尝试当然是至关重要的，但这绝不能分散人们对解决问题成因的关注。"
As the natural warming cycle of El Nino is compounded by climate change, he expects "several years of massive coral bleaching" around the world. Beyond Florida, bleaching is already underway in reefs off the Bahamas, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico and Panama.
由于厄尔尼诺现象的自然升温周期与气候变化叠加，奥布拉博士预计世界各地将出现"为期数年的大规模珊瑚白化"。除了佛罗里达州，巴哈马、伯利兹、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、萨尔瓦多、墨西哥和巴拿马的珊瑚礁都已经开始白化。
Ms. Thomasson returned to Looe Key on Friday, getting her first look at the reef where she'd hoped to one day plant the now-dead young coral from the nursery. Thickets of wild elkhorn and mounds of brain coral were bleached or already dead.
周五，托马森回到了卢礁岛，首先就去看了珊瑚礁，她之前希望有一天能把复育场里的幼年珊瑚移植到这里，然而这些珊瑚现在都已经死掉了。一丛丛的野生鹿角珊瑚和一堆堆的脑珊瑚要么已经白化，要么已经死亡。
She clung to the knowledge that her group's sites in the Upper Keys were faring better, so far. Ms. Thomasson is determined to keep working on coral restoration, but she needs an ocean hospitable to corals for them to return to.
基金会的高礁岛复育场的情况要好得多，至少目前是这样，托马森就靠着这个信息继续坚持下去。托马森决心继续致力于珊瑚复育工作，但她需要一个适合珊瑚生存的海洋，让珊瑚重新回到海里。
"It's up to everyone else to demand climate action right now," Ms. Thomasson said. "Not in a year, not tomorrow, but right now. Actually yesterday."
"一切就看其他人能否现在立刻就采取气候行动。"托马森说，"不是一年之后，也不是明天，而是现在。实际上昨天就应该行动。"
词汇预习
critical [高考]
美[ˈkrɪtɪkl] | 英[ˈkrɪtɪkl]
adj. 批评的；挑剔的；决定性的；危险的 adj. 临界的
impact [高考]
美[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt] | 英[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt]
n. 影响；冲击力；撞击 vt. 挤入；压紧；撞击；对 ... 发生影响 vi. 冲击；撞击；产生影响
greenhouse [高考]
美[ˈɡriːnhaʊs] | 英[ˈɡriːnhaʊs]
n. 温室；暖房
marine [高考]
美[məˈriːn] | 英[məˈriːn]
adj. 海的；海事的；海生的；航海的 n. 海运业；船舶；水兵
biologist [高考]
美[baɪˈɑːlədʒɪst] | 英[baɪˈɒlədʒɪst]
n. 生物学家
massive [高考]
美[ˈmæsɪv] | 英[ˈmæsɪv]
adj. 巨大的；大量的；大规模的；大范围的；严重的
primarily [高考]
美[praɪˈmerəli] | 英[praɪˈmerəli]
adv. 主要地，首要地，根本地
frequency [高考]
美[ˈfriːkwənsi] | 英[ˈfriːkwənsi]
n. 频繁；频率
distract [高考]
美[dɪˈstrækt] | 英[dɪˈstrækt]
vt. 分散；转移；分心；困扰
demand [高考]
美[dɪˈmænd] | 英[dɪˈmɑːnd]
n. 要求；需求 v. 要求；查问；需要
decline [高考]
美[dɪˈklaɪn] | 英[dɪˈklaɪn]
v. 下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜 n. 减少，衰退
target [高考]
美[ˈtɑːrɡɪt] | 英[ˈtɑːɡɪt]
n. 目标；对象；靶 vt. 把 ... 作为目标；瞄准
Ms. [高考]
美[mɪz] | 英[mɪz]
n. 女士，小姐
emergency [高考]
美[iˈmɜːrdʒənsi] | 英[iˈmɜːdʒənsi]
n. 突发事件；紧急状态 adj. 应急的；紧急的；备用的
specialist [高考]
美[ˈspeʃəlɪst] | 英[ˈspeʃəlɪst]
n. 专家；专科医生；专食性动物
nursery [高考]
美[ˈnɜːrsəri] | 英[ˈnɜːsəri]
n. 托儿所；保育室；苗圃
offshore [高考]
美[ˌɔːfˈʃɔːr] | 英[ˌɒfˈʃɔː(r)]
adj. 近海的；离岸的；海外的 adv. 离岸地；近海地
finding [高考]
美[ˈfaɪndɪŋ] | 英[ˈfaɪndɪŋ]
n. 调查(或研究)的结果；[律] 裁决
thinking [高考]
美[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] | 英[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
n. 思考；思想 adj. 好思考的；有理性的
tropical [高考]
美[ˈtrɑːpɪkl] | 英[ˈtrɒpɪkl]
adj. 热带的；炎热的；热带植物的
underway [高考]
美[ˌʌndərˈweɪ] | 英[ˌʌndəˈweɪ]
adj. 正在进行中的
where [高考]
美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]
adv. 在哪里；在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方
email [四级]
美['imeɪl] | 英['i:meɪl]
vt. 发电子邮件；给……发电子邮件 n. 电子邮件，电子信函
intervene [四级]
美[ˌɪntərˈviːn] | 英[ˌɪntəˈviːn]
vi. 干涉；干预；介入；调停；插入；阻挠
unheard [四级]
美[ʌnˈhɜrd] | 英[ʌnˈhɜ:d]
adj. [古] 前所未闻的；听不到的；未被注意的
coral [四级]
美[ˈkɔːrəl] | 英[ˈkɒrəl]
n. 珊瑚 adj. 珊瑚的；珊瑚色的
cooler [四级]
美[ˈkulɚ] | 英[ˈku:lə(r)]
n. 冷却器；（通常含冰和酒的）清凉饮料；监狱 adj. 更凉爽的；更冷静的；更冷漠的（cool的比较级）
look at [四级]
美[lʊk æt] | 英[lʊk æt]
（仔细地）看；着眼，考虑
up to [四级]
美[ʌp tu] | 英[ʌp tu]
胜任；直到；多达；该由 ... 决定
one day [四级]
美[wʌn de] | 英[wʌn dei]
(过去或将来)某一天
gathering [四级]
美[ˈɡæðərɪŋ] | 英[ˈgæðərɪŋ]
n. 集会；聚集
determined [四级]
美[dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd] | 英[dɪˈtɜːmɪnd]
adj. 坚定的；坚决的；果断的；确定的，既定的
dying [四级]
美[ˈdaɪɪŋ] | 英[ˈdaɪɪŋ]
adj. 垂死的；临终的 n. 死；死亡
nonprofit [六级]
美[nɑnˈprɑfɪt] | 英[ˌnɒn'prɒfɪt]
adj. 非赢利的 n. 非赢利组织
reef [六级]
美[rif] | 英[ri:f]
n. 暗礁；矿脉 n. 缩帆部 v. 缩帆；卷起
all but [六级]
美[ɔl bʌt] | 英[ɔ:l bʌt]
几乎； 差一点
whirlwind [专八]
美[ˈwɜːrlwɪnd] | 英[ˈwɜːlwɪnd]
n. 旋风；旋风般的突发事件 adj. 旋风般的
severity [专八]
美[sɪ'verəti] | 英[sɪ'verəti]
n. 严格；严重；严肃
restoration [考研]
美[ˌrestəˈreɪʃn] | 英[ˌrestəˈreɪʃn]
n. 恢复；归还；复位
wholesaler [考研]
美[ˈholˌselɚ] | 英['həʊlseɪlə(r)]
n. 批发商
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上
noted [托福]
美[ˈnoʊtɪd] | 英[ˈnəʊtɪd]
adj. 著名的；有声望的
重点讲解
Mass bleaching events were unheard-of a half century ago, but they've been increasing in frequency and severity since the 1980s. By some estimates, the world has lost half of its coral cover since 1950.
大规模白化事件在半个世纪以前是闻所未闻的，但自20世纪80年代以来，白化的频率和严重性一直在增加。据估计，自1950年以来，全世界的珊瑚覆盖面积已经减少了一半。
severity n.
1. 严重性；严重程度
【例】the severity of the problem/disease/pain
问题的严重性/疾病的严重程度/疼痛的剧烈程度
2. 严厉的
【例】punish sb with severity 严惩某人
【拓展】severe adj. 严重的；严厉的
The coral reefs of the Florida Keys have suffered a sharp decline since the 1970s, primarily because of disease and bleaching, both of which are directly linked to increasing ocean temperature, Dr. Manzello said. "You talk about canaries in the coal mine," he said. "These canaries have been dying now for 40 years."
曼泽洛博士说，自20世纪70年代末以来，佛罗里达礁岛的珊瑚礁数量急剧减少，主要原因是疾病和白化，而这两者都与海洋温度上升直接相关。"珊瑚礁就像煤矿里的金丝雀，"他说。"这些金丝雀逐渐死去，已经持续40年了。"
suffer v.
1. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受折磨
【例】suffer from pneumonia/a lack of money/a shortage of workers
因肺炎而受苦/因缺钱而受苦/因人手不够而受困扰
2. 遭受；蒙受
【例】suffer a defeat/huge losses/ill treatment
遭遇失败/蒙受重大损失/遭受虐待
be linked to 与……有关联
【例】Exposure to ultraviolet light is closely linked to skin cancer.
受紫外线照射与皮肤癌紧密相关。
【近义词】correlate with/be associated with 与……相关
【辨析】connected/related
【例】The crime is connected with/related to drug abuse.
这场罪案与滥用毒品有关。
canary in the coal mine 矿井里的金丝雀；具有警示作用的事物
【例】He likens butterflies to the canary in the coalmine, being the first to suffer when the environment is under stress.
他把蝴蝶比作矿井里的金丝雀，当环境受到压力时，蝴蝶会最先被影响。
The losses have inspired scientists and enthusiasts to intervene, propelling the field of coral restoration. Ken Nedimyer, for example, stepped away from a successful business as a tropical fish wholesaler some 20 years ago to throw himself into growing staghorn and elkhorn coral in offshore nurseries and planting them on Florida's reef.
这些损失促使科学家和珊瑚爱好者进行干预，推动了珊瑚复育工作的发展。例如，肯·尼迪迈尔20多年前放弃了他非常成功的热带鱼批发生意，转而投身于近海复育场的麋角珊瑚和鹿角珊瑚的养育工作，并将珊瑚种植在佛罗里达州的珊瑚礁上。
intervene v.
1. 在……之间
【例】A week intervenes between Christmas and New Year's Day.
圣诞节至元旦之间隔着1个星期。
2. 介入；出面
【例】The President intervened personally in the crisis.
总统亲自出面处理这场危机。
【辨析】interfere v. 干涉；干预；插手
【例】Please don’t interfere in my private affairs.
请不要插手我的个人私事。
He went on to found Coral Restoration Foundation and then a newer nonprofit group, Reef Renewal USA, which he still runs. He has dealt with bleaching and hurricanes before, but these past couple of weeks have shaken him like never before. "I don't really know how to process it," Mr. Nedimyer said.
他后来创立了珊瑚复育基金会，然后又成立了一个比较新的非营利性组织--美国珊瑚礁复兴组织，目前他仍在运营该组织。尼迪迈尔曾经遇到过白化和飓风的情况，但过去几周给他带来了前所未有的震撼。"我真的不知道该怎么处理。"尼迪迈尔说。
shake v.
1. 摇晃；摇动
【例】shake the bottle/shake hands 摇晃瓶子/握手
2. 颤抖；哆嗦
【例】He was shaking with fear.
他害怕得直发抖。
3. 使非常震惊；使非常不安
【例】He was badly shaken by the news of her death.
听到她的死讯，他大为震惊。
process n. & v.
1. 作名词：过程；进程
【例】Getting into a habit will be a slow process.
养成某个习惯是一个缓慢的过程。
2. 作动词：加工；处理
【例】to process raw materials/processed food 加工原材料/加工食品
To be clear, he hasn't stopped working. It has been a whirlwind of gathering genetic samples, finding space for coral in tanks on land, applying for emergency permits to move nurseries to deeper, cooler water.
需要说明的是，他并没有停止工作。他马不停蹄地去收集基因样本，在陆地上的水箱中为珊瑚腾出地方，申请紧急许可、将复育场转移到更深更冷的水域。
a whirlwind of 旋风式的/忙乱且迅速的一连串……
【例】a whirlwind of meetings and visits 一连串忙碌紧凑的会议和访问
【拓展】a whirlwind romance/a three-week whirlwind tour to eight nations
旋风式恋爱/三周去八个国家的旋风式旅行
be on target to do sth 某事顺利进行；某事将如期完成
【例】The new sports complex is on target to open in June.
新建的体育中心将在六月份如期开放。
But for the first time, he said, he's questioning whether such efforts can be successful over the long term. Last year, greenhouse gas emissions in the US went up, not down. Globally, emissions were on target to hit a record high. "I keep thinking, what's it going to take to get people's attention?" Mr. Nedimyer asked.
但他表示，这是他第一次对这种努力能否在长期内取得成功而感到质疑。去年，美国的温室气体排放量上升而非下降。全球范围内，排放量创下历史新高。"我一直在想，怎样才能引起人们的注意？"内迪迈尔先生问道。
a whirlwind of 旋风式的/忙乱且迅速的一连串……
【例】a whirlwind of meetings and visits 一连串忙碌紧凑的会议和访问
【拓展】a whirlwind romance/a three-week whirlwind tour to eight nations
旋风式恋爱/三周去八个国家的旋风式旅行
be on target to do sth 某事顺利进行；某事将如期完成
【例】The new sports complex is on target to open in June.
新建的体育中心将在六月份如期开放。
David Obura, a marine biologist and co-chairman of the coral specialist group for the International Union for Conservation of Nature, praised certain restoration efforts but noted that without climate action, they are all but useless.
海洋生物学家、国际自然保护联盟珊瑚专家小组的联合主席大卫·奥布拉赞扬了某些复育工作，但他指出，如果没有气候方面的行动，这些努力几乎都是徒劳。
conservation n.
1. （对自然环境的）保护
【例】the conservation of wildlife 对野生动物的保护
2. 节约；防止浪费
【例】the conservation of water 节约用水
【拓展】conserve v. 保护；节约
buy time 拖延时间
【例】He tried to buy time by saying he wasn't feeling well.
他说自己不舒服，想借此拖延时间。
"With the main drivers of impact continuing to rise, they may just ‘buy time' for just a few years," Dr. Obura wrote in an email. "It is of course critical to attempt this, but this must not distract focus on addressing what and who is causing the problem."
"随着主要驱动因素的继续上升，他们可能只是‘争取到'几年的时间而已。"奥布拉博士在一封电子邮件中写道。"这些尝试当然是至关重要的，但这绝不能分散人们对解决问题成因的关注。"
conservation n.
1. （对自然环境的）保护
【例】the conservation of wildlife 对野生动物的保护
2. 节约；防止浪费
【例】the conservation of water 节约用水
【拓展】conserve v. 保护；节约
buy time 拖延时间
【例】He tried to buy time by saying he wasn't feeling well.
他说自己不舒服，想借此拖延时间。
As the natural warming cycle of El Nino is compounded by climate change, he expects "several years of massive coral bleaching" around the world. Beyond Florida, bleaching is already underway in reefs off the Bahamas, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico and Panama.
由于厄尔尼诺现象的自然升温周期与气候变化叠加，奥布拉博士预计世界各地将出现"为期数年的大规模珊瑚白化"。除了佛罗里达州，巴哈马、伯利兹、哥伦比亚、哥斯达黎加、古巴、萨尔瓦多、墨西哥和巴拿马的珊瑚礁都已经开始白化。
compound v.
1. 使复合；组合构成
【例】The DNA molecule is compounded from many smaller molecules.
DNA分子是由许多更小的分子组成的。
2. 使加重；使恶化
【例】Don’t compound your mistake by lying to the police.
别向警察说谎而使自己错上加错。
Ms. Thomasson returned to Looe Key on Friday, getting her first look at the reef where she'd hoped to one day plant the now-dead young coral from the nursery. Thickets of wild elkhorn and mounds of brain coral were bleached or already dead.
周五，托马森回到了卢礁岛，首先就去看了珊瑚礁，她之前希望有一天能把复育场里的幼年珊瑚移植到这里，然而这些珊瑚现在都已经死掉了。一丛丛的野生鹿角珊瑚和一堆堆的脑珊瑚要么已经白化，要么已经死亡。
compound v.
1. 使复合；组合构成
【例】The DNA molecule is compounded from many smaller molecules.
DNA分子是由许多更小的分子组成的。
2. 使加重；使恶化
【例】Don’t compound your mistake by lying to the police.
别向警察说谎而使自己错上加错。
She clung to the knowledge that her group's sites in the Upper Keys were faring better, so far. Ms. Thomasson is determined to keep working on coral restoration, but she needs an ocean hospitable to corals for them to return to.
基金会的高礁岛复育场的情况要好得多，至少目前是这样，托马森就靠着这个信息继续坚持下去。托马森决心继续致力于珊瑚复育工作，但她需要一个适合珊瑚生存的海洋，让珊瑚重新回到海里。
cling to sth
1. 紧紧抓住
【例】The frightened child clung to her mother.
受惊的小孩紧紧抱住她的母亲。
2. 不愿放弃；坚持
【例】Throughout the trial she had clung to the belief that he was innocent.
在整个审判中，她都坚信他是清白的。
fare better/well/badly 情况更好/情况很好/情况不好
【例】Middle-income families will fare worse under the new tax laws.
新的税法会让中等收入家庭更不好过。
【拓展】farewell n. 告别；辞行
hospitable adj.
1. （人）热情好客的
【例】The local people are very hospitable to strangers.
当地人对外来客人十分友好热情。
2. （气候、环境等）适宜的
【例】a hospitable climate 宜人的气候
【拓展】hospitality n. 好客；殷勤款待
【例】Thank you for your hospitality.
感谢你的热情款待。
"It's up to everyone else to demand climate action right now," Ms. Thomasson said. "Not in a year, not tomorrow, but right now. Actually yesterday."
"一切就看其他人能否现在立刻就采取气候行动。"托马森说，"不是一年之后，也不是明天，而是现在。实际上昨天就应该行动。"
cling to sth
1. 紧紧抓住
【例】The frightened child clung to her mother.
受惊的小孩紧紧抱住她的母亲。
2. 不愿放弃；坚持
【例】Throughout the trial she had clung to the belief that he was innocent.
在整个审判中，她都坚信他是清白的。
fare better/well/badly 情况更好/情况很好/情况不好
【例】Middle-income families will fare worse under the new tax laws.
新的税法会让中等收入家庭更不好过。
【拓展】farewell n. 告别；辞行
hospitable adj.
1. （人）热情好客的
【例】The local people are very hospitable to strangers.
当地人对外来客人十分友好热情。
2. （气候、环境等）适宜的
【例】a hospitable climate 宜人的气候
【拓展】hospitality n. 好客；殷勤款待
【例】Thank you for your hospitality.
感谢你的热情款待。
课后练习
Dr. Manzello mentioned “canaries in the coal mine” to show that ____.
A. climate change posed threats to other species
B. the decline of coral reefs was linked to other species
C. global warming was getting worse for a long time
D. coral reefs might disappear over the next decade
What can be learned about Ken Nedimyer?
A. His tropical fish business was ruined by rising sea temperature.
B. He is a scientist who studies coral reefs off the Florida Keys.
C. He was shocked by the severity of recent coral bleaching.
D. He has lost faith in saving coral from the high temperature.
According to David Obura, attention should be focused on ____.
A. the recent restoration efforts
B. the causes of the problem
C. how to improve efficiency
D. the coral bleaching worldwide
What does Thomasson think about climate action?
A. She prioritizes restoration over climate action.
B. It is better late than never to take climate action.
C. She plans to shift her focus to climate action.
D. Climate action is too late to save the coral.