佛罗里达珊瑚的绝地营救(中)

珊瑚礁只在不到1%的海洋中出现，但大约25%的海洋生物在某些阶段都依赖珊瑚礁，其中包括为数百万人提供关键蛋白质的鱼类。

双语精读

The two sites appear to be among the hardest hit. But throughout Florida's reef, which stretches some 350 miles, scientists and advocates are doing triage.

宽边帽礁岛和卢礁岛似乎是损失最为严重的两个复育点。但对于佛罗里达州绵延约350英里的珊瑚礁，科学家和珊瑚保护者正在进行分类救援。

First priority has been salvaging samples of the most threatened species of coral. Before the marine heat wave, there were only about 150 genetic individuals of elkhorn and 300 of staghorn left in the state. (Coral can reproduce asexually, making clones of themselves, so separate corals can have the same genes.)

当务之急是抢救受威胁最大的珊瑚物种的样本。在海洋热浪到来之前，整个佛罗里达州仅剩约150个麋角珊瑚和300个鹿角珊瑚的基因个体。(珊瑚可以无性繁殖，将自己克隆，因此不同的珊瑚可以拥有相同的基因。)

Divers fanned out across the reef and offshore nurseries, collecting two fragments of each genetic individual. Those were taken to tanks in holding facilities, then loaded onto trailers and driven to two separate locations that will serve as gene banks.

潜水员在珊瑚礁和近海复育场四散开来，对每个基因个体收集两块碎片。这些碎片会被送往存放场地的水箱，然后装上拖车，运往两个不同的地点，作为基因库。

It's a "last-ditch sort of insurance policy," said Jennifer Moore, who is leading the banking effort and coordinates protected coral recovery for NOAA Fisheries' Southeast region. "God forbid everything dies in the water, we still have not lost those individuals."

詹妮弗·摩尔说，这是"最后的保险办法"，她是基因库工作的带头人，并协调国家海洋渔业局的东南部地区受保护珊瑚的复育工作。"但愿水里的东西不会都死掉，我们至少还有这些基因个体。"

Coral reefs occur in less than 1 percent of the ocean, but about 25 percent of all marine life depends on them at some point, including fish that provide a critical source of protein to millions of people.

珊瑚礁只在不到1%的海洋中出现，但大约25%的海洋生物在某些阶段都依赖珊瑚礁，其中包括为数百万人提供关键蛋白质的鱼类。

Reefs also protect shorelines from storms, breaking the energy of waves by an average of 97 percent, researchers have found. Worldwide, the goods and services provided by reefs have been valued at $2.7 trillion a year.

研究人员发现，珊瑚礁还可以保护海岸线免受风暴的侵袭，使海浪的能量平均减少97%。在全球范围内，珊瑚礁每年提供的商品和服务价值达2.7万亿美元。

Yet they are imperiled. In 2018, the UN scientific panel on climate change noted that the fate of coral reefs hangs in the balance between a global temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius and a rise of 2 degrees Celsius.

然而，它们正处于危险之中。2018年，联合国气候变化科学小组指出，全球气温上升1.5摄氏度至2摄氏度会让珊瑚礁的命运岌岌可危。

The smaller figure would cause further declines of 70 to 90 percent, the scientists said. The larger one would bring losses of more than 99 percent.

科学家说，升温1.5摄氏度将导致珊瑚礁的面积下降70%至90%。升温2摄氏度将使超过99%的珊瑚礁消失。

While migration can help animals and plants adapt to a warming planet, coral reefs require very specific ocean conditions and take decades, centuries or millenniums to build.

动植物可以通过迁徙来适应变暖的地球，而珊瑚礁需要非常特定的海洋条件，需要数十年、数百年或数千年才能形成。

The pace of climate change is too fast, Phanor Montoya-Maya, a marine biologist with the Coral Restoration Foundation, said. Without drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, the world is on track to warm 2.1 to 2.9 degrees by 2100, according to the United Nations.

珊瑚复育基金会的海洋生物学家帕诺·蒙托亚-玛雅说，气候变化的速度太快了。联合国称，如果不大幅减少温室气体排放，到2100年，全球气温将上升2.1至2.9摄氏度。

Stressed corals bleach, meaning they expel the algae that give them color and nourishment. If conditions don't improve, or if bleaching happens too frequently, the corals will die.

受到温度压力的珊瑚会白化，这意味着珊瑚驱逐了给它们带来颜色和营养的藻类。如果条件没有改善，或者白化太频繁，珊瑚就会死亡。

词汇预习

• individual [高考]

  美[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] | 英[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]

  adj. 单独的；一个人的；独有的 n. 个人；个体

• source [高考]

  美[sɔːrs] | 英[sɔːs]

  n. 来源；发源地；原始资料 v. 从...获得

• species [高考]

  美[ˈspiːʃiːz] | 英[ˈspiːʃiːz]

  n. 种类；（单复同）物种

• frequently [高考]

  美[ˈfriːkwəntli] | 英[ˈfriːkwəntli]

  adv. 频繁地；经常地

• critical [高考]

  美[ˈkrɪtɪkl] | 英[ˈkrɪtɪkl]

  adj. 批评的；挑剔的；决定性的；危险的 adj. 临界的

• region [高考]

  美[ˈriːdʒən] | 英[ˈriːdʒən]

  n. 地区；范围；领域；地带；地域

• recovery [高考]

  美[rɪˈkʌvəri] | 英[rɪˈkʌvəri]

  n. 恢复；痊愈；复原；重获

• greenhouse [高考]

  美[ˈɡriːnhaʊs] | 英[ˈɡriːnhaʊs]

  n. 温室；暖房

• marine [高考]

  美[məˈriːn] | 英[məˈriːn]

  adj. 海的；海事的；海生的；航海的 n. 海运业；船舶；水兵

• biologist [高考]

  美[baɪˈɑːlədʒɪst] | 英[baɪˈɒlədʒɪst]

  n. 生物学家

• protein [高考]

  美[ˈproʊtiːn] | 英[ˈprəʊtiːn]

  n. 蛋白质

• gene [高考]

  美[dʒiːn] | 英[dʒiːn]

  n. 基因

• priority [高考]

  美[praɪˈɔːrəti] | 英[praɪˈɒrəti]

  n. 优先；优先权；优先顺序 adj. 优先的

• reproduce [高考]

  美[ˌriːprəˈduːs] | 英[ˌriːprəˈdjuːs]

  v. 再生；复制；生殖

• fate [高考]

  美[feɪt] | 英[feɪt]

  n. 命运，宿命 vt. 注定

• migration [高考]

  美[maɪˈɡreɪʃn] | 英[maɪˈɡreɪʃn]

  n. 移民；移往；移动

• figure [高考]

  美[ˈfɪɡjər] | 英[ˈfɪɡə(r)]

  n. 图形；人物；身材；体形 v. 认为；是重要部分；是…的部分；计算（数量或成本）

• occur [高考]

  美[əˈkɜːr] | 英[əˈkɜː(r)]

  vi. 发生；存在；出现；想到

• adapt [高考]

  美[əˈdæpt] | 英[əˈdæpt]

  vt. 改编；使适应 vi. 适应；适合

• pace [高考]

  美[peɪs] | 英[peɪs]

  n. 速度；步伐；(一)步 v. 踱步；(用步)测；(马)溜蹄走 prep. 用在人名前(礼貌的表达不同意见)

• insurance [高考]

  美[ɪnˈʃʊrəns] | 英[ɪnˈʃʊərəns]

  n. 保险；保险费；安全保障

• offshore [高考]

  美[ˌɔːfˈʃɔːr] | 英[ˌɒfˈʃɔː(r)]

  adj. 近海的；离岸的；海外的 adv. 离岸地；近海地

• serve as [高考]

  美[sɚv æz] | 英[sə:v æz]

  vt. 担任(充当； 起 ... 的作用)

• adapt to [高考]

  美[əˈdæpt tu] | 英[əˈdæpt tu:]

  适应

• onto [高考]

  美[ˈɑːntə , ˈɑːntu] | 英[ˈɒntə , ˈɒntu]

  prep. 到 ... 上

• further [高考]

  美[ˈfɜːrðər] | 英[ˈfɜːðə(r)]

  adv. 更远地，再往前地；进一步；此外，而且 adj. 更多的，进一步的；（距离上）更远的，较远的 v. 促进，推进

• panel [高考]

  美[ˈpænl] | 英[ˈpænl]

  n. 镶板；仪表盘；钣金；（衣服上的）镶条；专门小组 v. 镶板（用木或玻璃板等镶嵌或装饰）

• would [高考]

  美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]

  aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式

• ditch [四级]

  美[dɪtʃ] | 英[dɪtʃ]

  n. 沟渠；壕沟 vt. 丢弃；坠入沟中；飞机（在海上）迫降 vi. 挖渠；飞机紧急降落

• drastic [四级]

  美[ˈdræstɪk] | 英[ˈdræstɪk]

  adj. 激烈的；重大的；极端的

• coral [四级]

  美[ˈkɔːrəl] | 英[ˈkɒrəl]

  n. 珊瑚 adj. 珊瑚的；珊瑚色的

• leading [四级]

  美[ˈliːdɪŋ , ˈledɪŋ] | 英[ˈliːdɪŋ , ˈledɪŋ]

  adj. 领导的；指导的；主要的；在前的

• trillion [六级]

  美[ˈtrɪljən] | 英[ˈtrɪljən]

  n. 大量；兆；万亿 adj. 兆的

• expel [六级]

  美[ɪkˈspel] | 英[ɪkˈspel]

  vt. 驱逐；开除；排出

• reef [六级]

  美[rif] | 英[ri:f]

  n. 暗礁；矿脉 n. 缩帆部 v. 缩帆；卷起

• bleach [六级]

  美[bliːtʃ] | 英[bliːtʃ]

  n. 漂白剂；漂白 v. 变白；漂白

• nourishment [六级]

  美[ˈnɜːrɪʃmənt] | 英[ˈnʌrɪʃmənt]

  n. 营养；滋养品；养料

• Celsius [六级]

  美[ˈselsiəs] | 英[ˈselsiəs]

  adj. 摄氏的 n. 摄氏

• facilities [专四]

  美[fə'sɪlɪtɪz] | 英[fə'sɪlɪtɪz]

  n. 设施；设备；工具

• provided [专四]

  美[prəˈvaɪdɪd] | 英[prəˈvaɪdɪd]

  conj. 假如；若是 adj. 预备好的；提供的

• according [专四]

  美[ə'kɔrdɪŋ] | 英[ə'kɔːdɪŋ]

  adj. 相符的；相应的；一致的 v. 给予；符合，一致；正式协议（accord的现在分词）

• God [考研]

  美[ɡɑːd] | 英[ɡɒd]

  n. 神；偶像；(复数)[英]剧院顶层楼座的观众；(大写)上帝 int. 天呐

• don [托福]

  美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]

  n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上

• noted [托福]

  美[ˈnoʊtɪd] | 英[ˈnəʊtɪd]

  adj. 著名的；有声望的

• less than [雅思]

  美[les ðən] | 英[les ðən]

  不到； 少于

重点讲解

The two sites appear to be among the hardest hit. But throughout Florida's reef, which stretches some 350 miles, scientists and advocates are doing triage.

宽边帽礁岛和卢礁岛似乎是损失最为严重的两个复育点。但对于佛罗里达州绵延约350英里的珊瑚礁，科学家和珊瑚保护者正在进行分类救援。

stretch   v.

1. 拉长；伸展

【例】It's a good idea to stretch before you do vigorous exercise.

做高强度运动之前，最好先拉伸一下。

2. 延伸；绵延

【例】Fields and hills stretched out as far as we could see. 

放眼望去，田野山丘绵延不绝。

3. 极度使用；使达到极限

【例】Many families’ budgets are already stretched to breaking point.

许多家庭已经快要入不敷出了。

triage   n. 伤员鉴别分类

【例】The team's main job is to treat trauma victims at the scene of a disaster and perform triage.

团队的主要工作是在受灾现场处理伤者，并进行伤员鉴别分类。

First priority has been salvaging samples of the most threatened species of coral. Before the marine heat wave, there were only about 150 genetic individuals of elkhorn and 300 of staghorn left in the state. (Coral can reproduce asexually, making clones of themselves, so separate corals can have the same genes.)

当务之急是抢救受威胁最大的珊瑚物种的样本。在海洋热浪到来之前，整个佛罗里达州仅剩约150个麋角珊瑚和300个鹿角珊瑚的基因个体。(珊瑚可以无性繁殖，将自己克隆，因此不同的珊瑚可以拥有相同的基因。)

priority   n. 优先事项；最重要的事

【例】get your priorities right/give priority to sth  

把事情分出轻重缓急/优先考虑某事

【拓展】prioritize  v. 划分优先顺序；优先处理

【例】to prioritize your tasks/the need of older people

把你的任务分出优先级/优先照顾老年人的需求

salvage   v. 抢救；挽救

【例】to salvage their belongings from the fire/to salvage the situation

从大火中抢救出他们的个人财物/挽救局面

【近义词】rescue/save  v. 援救；营救

Divers fanned out across the reef and offshore nurseries, collecting two fragments of each genetic individual. Those were taken to tanks in holding facilities, then loaded onto trailers and driven to two separate locations that will serve as gene banks.

潜水员在珊瑚礁和近海复育场四散开来，对每个基因个体收集两块碎片。这些碎片会被送往存放场地的水箱，然后装上拖车，运往两个不同的地点，作为基因库。

fan out   成扇形散开

【例】The police fanned out to surround the house. 

警察散开包围了这座房子。

last-ditch   adj. 作最后努力的

【例】She underwent a heart transplant in a last-ditch attempt to save her. 

她动了心脏移植手术，这是为挽救她的生命而作的最后一次努力。

【拓展】last resort  最后的办法

【例】He turned to his family only as a last resort.

他没有其他办法才最后向家里求助。

God forbid  但愿不……

【例】God forbid that this should ever happen again.

但愿这种事不会再发生。

It's a "last-ditch sort of insurance policy," said Jennifer Moore, who is leading the banking effort and coordinates protected coral recovery for NOAA Fisheries' Southeast region. "God forbid everything dies in the water, we still have not lost those individuals."

詹妮弗·摩尔说，这是"最后的保险办法"，她是基因库工作的带头人，并协调国家海洋渔业局的东南部地区受保护珊瑚的复育工作。"但愿水里的东西不会都死掉，我们至少还有这些基因个体。"

fan out   成扇形散开

【例】The police fanned out to surround the house. 

警察散开包围了这座房子。

last-ditch   adj. 作最后努力的

【例】She underwent a heart transplant in a last-ditch attempt to save her. 

她动了心脏移植手术，这是为挽救她的生命而作的最后一次努力。

【拓展】last resort  最后的办法

【例】He turned to his family only as a last resort.

他没有其他办法才最后向家里求助。

God forbid  但愿不……

【例】God forbid that this should ever happen again.

但愿这种事不会再发生。

Coral reefs occur in less than 1 percent of the ocean, but about 25 percent of all marine life depends on them at some point, including fish that provide a critical source of protein to millions of people.

珊瑚礁只在不到1%的海洋中出现，但大约25%的海洋生物在某些阶段都依赖珊瑚礁，其中包括为数百万人提供关键蛋白质的鱼类。

break   v. 

1. 削弱

【例】to break one’s resistance/spirit 瓦解某人的抵抗/精神

2. （海浪）拍打海岸

【例】the sound of waves breaking on the beach 浪涛拍岸的声音

Reefs also protect shorelines from storms, breaking the energy of waves by an average of 97 percent, researchers have found. Worldwide, the goods and services provided by reefs have been valued at $2.7 trillion a year.

研究人员发现，珊瑚礁还可以保护海岸线免受风暴的侵袭，使海浪的能量平均减少97%。在全球范围内，珊瑚礁每年提供的商品和服务价值达2.7万亿美元。

break   v. 

1. 削弱

【例】to break one’s resistance/spirit 瓦解某人的抵抗/精神

2. （海浪）拍打海岸

【例】the sound of waves breaking on the beach 浪涛拍岸的声音

Yet they are imperiled. In 2018, the UN scientific panel on climate change noted that the fate of coral reefs hangs in the balance between a global temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius and a rise of 2 degrees Celsius.

然而，它们正处于危险之中。2018年，联合国气候变化科学小组指出，全球气温上升1.5摄氏度至2摄氏度会让珊瑚礁的命运岌岌可危。

imperil   v. 使陷于危险

【例】Tax increases now might imperil economic recovery.

现在税收增加可能会危及经济复苏。

【拓展】peril  n. 严重危险

【近义词】endanger  v. 使陷入危险

【辨析】imperial  adj. 帝国的；皇帝的

hang in the balance   （命运）未定；（前途）不明朗

【例】The future of the nation hangs in the balance. 

国家前途处在风雨飘摇之中。

The smaller figure would cause further declines of 70 to 90 percent, the scientists said. The larger one would bring losses of more than 99 percent.

科学家说，升温1.5摄氏度将导致珊瑚礁的面积下降70%至90%。升温2摄氏度将使超过99%的珊瑚礁消失。

imperil   v. 使陷于危险

【例】Tax increases now might imperil economic recovery.

现在税收增加可能会危及经济复苏。

【拓展】peril  n. 严重危险

【近义词】endanger  v. 使陷入危险

【辨析】imperial  adj. 帝国的；皇帝的

hang in the balance   （命运）未定；（前途）不明朗

【例】The future of the nation hangs in the balance. 

国家前途处在风雨飘摇之中。

While migration can help animals and plants adapt to a warming planet, coral reefs require very specific ocean conditions and take decades, centuries or millenniums to build.

动植物可以通过迁徙来适应变暖的地球，而珊瑚礁需要非常特定的海洋条件，需要数十年、数百年或数千年才能形成。

migration   n. 迁徙；迁移

【例】the migration of swallows   燕子的迁徙

【拓展】migrate/migrant  v./n. 迁徙；移居/候鸟；迁徙动物

【辨析】emigrant/immigrant  n. 移民；侨民

on track   踏上（通往某个方向的）轨道

【例】He is on track for the gold medal. 

他正踏上夺取金牌之途。

【拓展】on the track of sb  追踪某人

【例】The police are on the track of the murderer. 

警察正在追踪凶手。

expel   v. 

1. 驱逐；赶走

【例】The new government has expelled all foreign diplomats.

新成立的政府将所有外国外交官员都驱逐出境了。

2. 开除

【例】be expelled from school 被学校开除

The pace of climate change is too fast, Phanor Montoya-Maya, a marine biologist with the Coral Restoration Foundation, said. Without drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, the world is on track to warm 2.1 to 2.9 degrees by 2100, according to the United Nations.

珊瑚复育基金会的海洋生物学家帕诺·蒙托亚-玛雅说，气候变化的速度太快了。联合国称，如果不大幅减少温室气体排放，到2100年，全球气温将上升2.1至2.9摄氏度。

migration   n. 迁徙；迁移

【例】the migration of swallows   燕子的迁徙

【拓展】migrate/migrant  v./n. 迁徙；移居/候鸟；迁徙动物

【辨析】emigrant/immigrant  n. 移民；侨民

on track   踏上（通往某个方向的）轨道

【例】He is on track for the gold medal. 

他正踏上夺取金牌之途。

【拓展】on the track of sb  追踪某人

【例】The police are on the track of the murderer. 

警察正在追踪凶手。

expel   v. 

1. 驱逐；赶走

【例】The new government has expelled all foreign diplomats.

新成立的政府将所有外国外交官员都驱逐出境了。

2. 开除

【例】be expelled from school 被学校开除

Stressed corals bleach, meaning they expel the algae that give them color and nourishment. If conditions don't improve, or if bleaching happens too frequently, the corals will die.

受到温度压力的珊瑚会白化，这意味着珊瑚驱逐了给它们带来颜色和营养的藻类。如果条件没有改善，或者白化太频繁，珊瑚就会死亡。

migration   n. 迁徙；迁移

【例】the migration of swallows   燕子的迁徙

【拓展】migrate/migrant  v./n. 迁徙；移居/候鸟；迁徙动物

【辨析】emigrant/immigrant  n. 移民；侨民

on track   踏上（通往某个方向的）轨道

【例】He is on track for the gold medal. 

他正踏上夺取金牌之途。

【拓展】on the track of sb  追踪某人

【例】The police are on the track of the murderer. 

警察正在追踪凶手。

expel   v. 

1. 驱逐；赶走

【例】The new government has expelled all foreign diplomats.

新成立的政府将所有外国外交官员都驱逐出境了。

2. 开除

【例】be expelled from school 被学校开除

课后练习

• The priority of the salvaging effort was ____.

  A. to calculate the amount of endangered coral

  B. to preserve the genes of the most threatened species

  C. to make clones of the surviving species

  D. to get as much coral as possible out of the sea

• Coral reefs are important because ____.

  A. they are essential to marine life

  B. they are a major source of protein

  C. they can generate energy from waves

  D. they can absorb greenhouse gases

• According to the UN scientific panel, which of the following is true?

  A. It is crucial to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius.

  B. Coral reefs can survive if the temperature increases by 2 degrees Celsius.

  C. Coral reefs face severe challenges due to temperature increases.

  D. The share of bleached corals has exceeded 70 percent worldwide.

• What may happen if the global temperature keeps increasing?

  A. Coral reefs may stretch to deeper oceans.

  B. The coral may lose the source of nourishment.

  C. The algae may erode coral reefs.

  D. The algae may become white and die.