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网络时代, 信息是免费的还是昂贵的(中)
- Authors
现在，媒体公司在出租东西。它们就像有触角一样。你把书从书架上拿下来，说‘我想留着这本书'，然后触角把书猛地拽了回去。
双语精读
Universal access to all knowledge was a dream of the early internet. It's an idea that Mr. Kahle has long championed.
让所有人都能获取知识是早期互联网的梦想。这也是卡利长期以来一直支持的理念。
As the United States lurched to a halt in March 2020, he saw an opportunity. The Internet Archive would be a temporary bridge between beleaguered readers and the volumes shut away in libraries and schools.
当美国在2020年3月突然陷入停顿（疫情封控）时，他看到了机会。互联网档案馆将成为临时桥梁，连接起被封控的读者与被深锁在图书馆和学校里的书籍。
It didn't turn out that way, not a bit -- the emergency library shut down in June 2020 -- and three years later Mr. Kahle remained angry and frustrated.
结果并不是这样，完全不是--紧急图书馆于2020年6月关闭--三年后，卡利仍然为此感到悲愤。
There was one bright spot. The Board of Supervisors of San Francisco had just passed a resolution in support of digital libraries and the Internet Archive. The resolution was largely symbolic, but the message was exactly the one that Mr. Kahle had been trying to get across without much success, particularly in court. It championed "the essential rights of all libraries to own, preserve and lend both digital and print books."
其中有一丝光明。旧金山监事会通过了一项支持数字图书馆和互联网档案馆的决议。该决议在很大程度上是象征性的，但它传达的正是卡利一直试图传达，但未能成功传达的信息，尤其是未能得到法院的认可。决议支持"所有图书馆拥有、保存和出借数字图书和纸质图书的基本权利"。
"Libraries came before publishers," the 62-year-old librarian said in a recent interview in the former Christian Science church in western San Francisco that houses the archive.
"图书馆先于出版商存在。"这位62岁的图书馆馆长最近在旧金山西部的前基督科学教堂接受采访时说，档案馆就设立于此。
"We came before copyright. But publishers now think of libraries as customer service departments for their database products." Librarians are custodians. Mr. Kahle has spent his career working in tech, but he wants the future to behave a little more like the past.
"我们先于版权存在。但出版商现在将图书馆视为其数据库产品的客服部门。"图书管理员成了看守者。卡利的职业生涯是在科技行业度过的，但他希望未来能更像过去。
"If I pay you for an e-book, I should own that e-book," he said. "Companies used to sell things. Media companies now rent them instead. It's like they have tentacles. You pull the book off the shelf and say, 'I think I'll keep this,' and then the tentacle yanks it back."
"如果我付钱给你，买了一本电子书，那么我就应该拥有这本电子书，"他说，"过去，公司都是卖东西的。现在，媒体公司在出租东西。它们就像有触角一样。你把书从书架上拿下来，说‘我想留着这本书'，然后触角把书猛地拽了回去。"
Some necessary background here: When a physical book is sold, the "first sale" provision of copyright law says the author and publisher have no control over that volume's fate in the world.
这里补充一些必要的背景：当纸质书被出售时，版权法的"首次销售"条款规定，作者和出版商无法控制这本书在世界中的命运。
It can be resold, and they don't get a cut. It can be lent out as many times as readers demand. The information in the text flows freely through society without leaving a trace. Religions and revolutions have been built on this.
书可以被转售，而他们不能从中分利。读者想把这本书借出去多少次都可以。文本中的信息在社会中自由流动，不留痕迹。宗教和革命都曾建立在此之上。
Thanks to their digital nature, e-books are treated much differently. They can't be resold or given away. A library that wants to lend e-books must buy a license from the copyright holder.
由于电子书的数字化本质，人们对待电子书的方式有很大不同。电子书不能转售或赠送。想要借出电子书的图书馆必须从版权持有者那里购买许可。
These subscriptions can be limited to a number of reads, or by periods of a year or two. Everything is tracked. Libraries own nothing.
这些订阅许可会限制阅读次数，或有一至两年的时间限制。一切都被追踪。图书馆不拥有任何东西。
词汇预习
particularly [高考]
美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]
adv. 特别；尤其；详细地
essential [高考]
美[ɪˈsenʃl] | 英[ɪˈsenʃl]
adj. 本质的；必要的；重要的 n. 要素；必需品
largely [高考]
美[ˈlɑːrdʒli] | 英[ˈlɑːdʒli]
adv. 大部分；主要地
volume [高考]
美[ˈvɑːljəm] | 英[ˈvɒljuːm]
n. 卷；体积；册；音量；容量
publisher [高考]
美[ˈpʌblɪʃər] | 英[ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)]
n. 出版者；出版社；发行人
holder [高考]
美[ˈhoʊldər] | 英[ˈhəʊldə(r)]
n. 持有者；支持物
fate [高考]
美[feɪt] | 英[feɪt]
n. 命运，宿命 vt. 注定
copyright [高考]
美[ˈkɑːpiraɪt] | 英[ˈkɒpiraɪt]
n. 版权；著作权 v. 获得版权 adj. 受版权保护的
provision [高考]
美[prəˈvɪʒn] | 英[prəˈvɪʒn]
n. 提供，供应；准备，预备；（尤指为旅行准备的）食物，必需品；条款，规定；赡养，供养；准备金 v. 为…提供所需物品（尤指食物）；（为已知债务）留出准备金
demand [高考]
美[dɪˈmænd] | 英[dɪˈmɑːnd]
n. 要求；需求 v. 要求；查问；需要
access [高考]
美[ˈækses] | 英[ˈækses]
n.入口，通道；获得的机会，使用权；（对计算机存储器的）访问，存取；（情感）爆发，发作；探视权 v. 接近，进入；获取，访问（计算机信息） adj.[美]（电视节目或时间等）对外公开的
former [高考]
美[ˈfɔːrmər] | 英[ˈfɔːmə(r)]
adj. 前者的；前任的；以前的 n. 创造者；[英]学校某一年级的学生
preserve [高考]
美[prɪˈzɜːrv] | 英[prɪˈzɜːv]
v. 保护；保存；保持 n. 禁猎区；蜜饯
emergency [高考]
美[iˈmɜːrdʒənsi] | 英[iˈmɜːdʒənsi]
n. 突发事件；紧急状态 adj. 应急的；紧急的；备用的
temporary [高考]
美[ˈtempəreri] | 英[ˈtemprəri]
adj. 暂时的；临时的 n. 临时工
database [高考]
美[ˈdeɪtəbeɪs] | 英[ˈdeɪtəbeɪs]
n. 数据库
turn out [高考]
美[tɜːrn aʊt] | 英[tɜːn aʊt]
v. 结果是；生产；出现；关闭；翻转；证明是
access to [高考]
美[ˈæksɛs tu] | 英[ˈækses tu:]
接近，有权使用；进入，通向…的路口
control over [高考]
美[kənˈtrol ˈovɚ] | 英[kənˈtrəul ˈəuvə]
控制
shut down [高考]
美[ʃʌt daʊn] | 英[ʃʌt daun]
关闭； （使）停工
limited [高考]
美[ˈlɪmɪtɪd] | 英[ˈlɪmɪtɪd]
adj. 有限的；被限制的
symbolic [高考]
美[sɪmˈbɑːlɪk] | 英[sɪmˈbɒlɪk]
adj. 象征的；符号的 n. 代号
trace [高考]
美[treɪs] | 英[treɪs]
n. 痕迹；微量；踪迹 v. 追踪；描绘；找出根源
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
halt [四级]
美[hɔːlt] | 英[hɔːlt]
n. 停止；止步 v. 停止；中止；暂停 v. 踌躇；犹豫；跛行
tech [四级]
美[tek] | 英[tek]
n. 技术学校；技术；技术人员
archive [四级]
美[ˈɑːrkaɪv] | 英[ˈɑːkaɪv]
n. 档案；档案馆 vt. 存档
a number of [四级]
美[ə ˈnʌmbər əv] | 英[ə ˈnʌmbə(r) ɒv]
许多；若干（后接可数名词的复数形式）
in support of [四级]
美[ɪn sə'pɔːrt əv] | 英[ɪn sə'pɔːt əv]
维护； 支持； 拥护
get across [四级]
美[ɡet əˈkrɔːs] | 英[ɡet əˈkrɒs]
vi. 通过(渡过；被人了解)
saw [专八]
美[sɔː] | 英[sɔː]
n. 锯；谚语，格言 v. 锯，用锯割开；看见，明白（see的过去式）
trying [专八]
美[ˈtraɪɪŋ] | 英[ˈtraɪɪŋ]
adj. 难受的；令人厌烦的
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上
重点讲解
Universal access to all knowledge was a dream of the early internet. It's an idea that Mr. Kahle has long championed.
让所有人都能获取知识是早期互联网的梦想。这也是卡利长期以来一直支持的理念。
champion n. & v.
1. 作名词：
（1）冠军；（某方面）优秀的人
【例】a tennis champion/a champion at selling
网球冠军/销冠
【拓展】championship n. 冠军身份；锦标赛
（2）斗争者；捍卫者
【例】a champion of civil rights 民权斗士
【近义词】advocate n. 倡导者
2. 作动词：为……而斗争；捍卫；支持
【例】champion the protection of wildlife
支持保护野生动植物
【近义词】advocate v. 倡导；支持
As the United States lurched to a halt in March 2020, he saw an opportunity. The Internet Archive would be a temporary bridge between beleaguered readers and the volumes shut away in libraries and schools.
当美国在2020年3月突然陷入停顿（疫情封控）时，他看到了机会。互联网档案馆将成为临时桥梁，连接起被封控的读者与被深锁在图书馆和学校里的书籍。
halt n. 停止；暂停
【例】come to a halt/bring sth to a halt/call a halt to sth
停下来/让某物停下来/叫停某事
shut sth away 把某物藏起来；隔离开来
【例】The diamonds are shut away in a bank vault somewhere.
钻石被藏在银行保险库里的某个地方。
She shut herself away in her room to work on her novel.
她把自己关在房间里，写一本小说。
It didn't turn out that way, not a bit -- the emergency library shut down in June 2020 -- and three years later Mr. Kahle remained angry and frustrated.
结果并不是这样，完全不是--紧急图书馆于2020年6月关闭--三年后，卡利仍然为此感到悲愤。
halt n. 停止；暂停
【例】come to a halt/bring sth to a halt/call a halt to sth
停下来/让某物停下来/叫停某事
shut sth away 把某物藏起来；隔离开来
【例】The diamonds are shut away in a bank vault somewhere.
钻石被藏在银行保险库里的某个地方。
She shut herself away in her room to work on her novel.
她把自己关在房间里，写一本小说。
There was one bright spot. The Board of Supervisors of San Francisco had just passed a resolution in support of digital libraries and the Internet Archive. The resolution was largely symbolic, but the message was exactly the one that Mr. Kahle had been trying to get across without much success, particularly in court. It championed "the essential rights of all libraries to own, preserve and lend both digital and print books."
其中有一丝光明。旧金山监事会通过了一项支持数字图书馆和互联网档案馆的决议。该决议在很大程度上是象征性的，但它传达的正是卡利一直试图传达，但未能成功传达的信息，尤其是未能得到法院的认可。决议支持"所有图书馆拥有、保存和出借数字图书和纸质图书的基本权利"。
bright spot （不幸中的）可喜部分
【例】The win has been the only bright spot in another nightmare week.
这次胜利是又一个噩梦般的星期里的唯一闪光点。
【拓展】silver lining/look on the bright side
（痛苦中的）一丝慰藉/看到光明的一面
get across 传达；把……讲清楚
【例】He’s not very good at getting his ideas across.
他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。
【近义词】come across 被理解
【例】His meaning didn't really come across.
人们没有真的理解他的意思。
"Libraries came before publishers," the 62-year-old librarian said in a recent interview in the former Christian Science church in western San Francisco that houses the archive.
"图书馆先于出版商存在。"这位62岁的图书馆馆长最近在旧金山西部的前基督科学教堂接受采访时说，档案馆就设立于此。
house v.
1. 给某人提供住处
【例】The government is committed to housing the refugees.
政府承诺收容难民。
2. （某个地方）有，收藏（某物）
【例】The library houses 550,000 books.
图书馆藏书55万册。
The museum is housed in the Old Court House.
博物馆设在旧法院大楼里。
【拓展】boast v. 有（值得自豪的东西）
【例】The hotel boasts two swimming pools.
那家酒店有两个游泳池。
custodian n. 监护人；看守人
【例】the custodian of the park 园林的看管者
【近义词】guardian n. 保护者；守卫者
【拓展】custody n. 监护权；保管
【例】The bank provides safe custody for valuables.
这家银行提供对贵重物品的安全保管服务。
"We came before copyright. But publishers now think of libraries as customer service departments for their database products." Librarians are custodians. Mr. Kahle has spent his career working in tech, but he wants the future to behave a little more like the past.
"我们先于版权存在。但出版商现在将图书馆视为其数据库产品的客服部门。"图书管理员成了看守者。卡利的职业生涯是在科技行业度过的，但他希望未来能更像过去。
house v.
1. 给某人提供住处
【例】The government is committed to housing the refugees.
政府承诺收容难民。
2. （某个地方）有，收藏（某物）
【例】The library houses 550,000 books.
图书馆藏书55万册。
The museum is housed in the Old Court House.
博物馆设在旧法院大楼里。
【拓展】boast v. 有（值得自豪的东西）
【例】The hotel boasts two swimming pools.
那家酒店有两个游泳池。
custodian n. 监护人；看守人
【例】the custodian of the park 园林的看管者
【近义词】guardian n. 保护者；守卫者
【拓展】custody n. 监护权；保管
【例】The bank provides safe custody for valuables.
这家银行提供对贵重物品的安全保管服务。
"If I pay you for an e-book, I should own that e-book," he said. "Companies used to sell things. Media companies now rent them instead. It's like they have tentacles. You pull the book off the shelf and say, ‘I think I'll keep this,' and then the tentacle yanks it back."
"如果我付钱给你，买了一本电子书，那么我就应该拥有这本电子书，"他说，"过去，公司都是卖东西的。现在，媒体公司在出租东西。它们就像有触角一样。你把书从书架上拿下来，说‘我想留着这本书'，然后触角把书猛地拽了回去。"
tentacle n. 触角；影响范围；势力范围
【例】extend the tentacles to... 把影响范围扩大到……
【拓展】tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的
Some necessary background here: When a physical book is sold, the "first sale" provision of copyright law says the author and publisher have no control over that volume's fate in the world.
这里补充一些必要的背景：当纸质书被出售时，版权法的"首次销售"条款规定，作者和出版商无法控制这本书在世界中的命运。
tentacle n. 触角；影响范围；势力范围
【例】extend the tentacles to... 把影响范围扩大到……
【拓展】tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的
It can be resold, and they don't get a cut. It can be lent out as many times as readers demand. The information in the text flows freely through society without leaving a trace. Religions and revolutions have been built on this.
书可以被转售，而他们不能从中分利。读者想把这本书借出去多少次都可以。文本中的信息在社会中自由流动，不留痕迹。宗教和革命都曾建立在此之上。
cut n. （钱的）份额
【例】take a 5% cut of the profits/get a 7 percent cut on all sales
拿5%的利润/获得7%的销售提成
trace n.
1. 痕迹；遗迹
【例】vanish without a trace 消失得无影无踪
2. 微量；少许
【例】speak with a trace of Spanish accent/a trace of smile
讲话略带西班牙口音/一丝笑意
【辨析】track n. 足迹；车辙
Thanks to their digital nature, e-books are treated much differently. They can't be resold or given away. A library that wants to lend e-books must buy a license from the copyright holder.
由于电子书的数字化本质，人们对待电子书的方式有很大不同。电子书不能转售或赠送。想要借出电子书的图书馆必须从版权持有者那里购买许可。
license n. & v.
1. 作名词：许可证；执照
【例】a driving license/a license to practise medicine 驾照/行医执照
【近义词】permit n. 许可证
2. 作动词：批准；许可
【例】They had licensed the firm to produce the drug.
他们批准了那家公司生产这种药物。
holder n. 持有者；占有者
【例】a holder of the license/record/ticket 执照持有人/纪录保持者/持票人
track v. 跟踪；追踪
【例】track the fox/the careers of the graduates
追寻狐狸的踪迹/跟踪调查毕业生的职业发展
【近义词】trace v. 追踪；追溯
【例】trace a criminal to Chicago/the family’s history
追踪罪犯到芝加哥/追溯家族的历史
These subscriptions can be limited to a number of reads, or by periods of a year or two. Everything is tracked. Libraries own nothing.
这些订阅许可会限制阅读次数，或有一至两年的时间限制。一切都被追踪。图书馆不拥有任何东西。
license n. & v.
1. 作名词：许可证；执照
【例】a driving license/a license to practise medicine 驾照/行医执照
【近义词】permit n. 许可证
2. 作动词：批准；许可
【例】They had licensed the firm to produce the drug.
他们批准了那家公司生产这种药物。
holder n. 持有者；占有者
【例】a holder of the license/record/ticket 执照持有人/纪录保持者/持票人
track v. 跟踪；追踪
【例】track the fox/the careers of the graduates
追寻狐狸的踪迹/跟踪调查毕业生的职业发展
【近义词】trace v. 追踪；追溯
【例】trace a criminal to Chicago/the family’s history
追踪罪犯到芝加哥/追溯家族的历史
课后练习
What did the resolution of the Board of Supervisors of San Francisco say?
A. People were entitled to the access to all knowledge.
B. The Board would channel funds to digital libraries.
C. The Board defended the copyright of publishers.
D. Libraries had the right to lend digital books.
What does Brewster Kahle think about publishers?
A. Their customer service is increasingly worse.
B. They deny libraries the ownership of e-books.
C. They should adapt to the changes brought by technology.
D. They limit readers’ choice of cultural products.
What can be learned about the “first sale” provision?
A. The first seller controls the fate of the book.
B. Authors have more power over books than publishers.
C. The buyer of a book can resell or lend it.
D. Books should not be resold in the open market.
One of the differences between physical books and e-books is that ____.
A. e-books carry a greater amount of information than physical books
B. physical books have greater social influence than e-books
C. the lending of e-books is more restricted than that of physical books
D. the value of e-books lasts a shorter period of time than physical books