双相障碍只是一时的流行词吗(下)

当你处于抑郁中时，你认为你永远不会走出来，你不会活着走出来，唯一的出路就是自杀。

双语精读

That's the hallmark of depression: you can't believe that one day you'll get better.

这就是抑郁的特点：你无法相信有一天你会好起来。

Well-meaning friends say: "You'll be fine, you'll see." But you only look at them with dismay and even start to resent them: they're so wide of the mark. It's so clear they haven't got a clue.

好心的朋友会说："你会好起来的，你等着看吧。" 但你只会沮丧地看着他们，甚至开始怨恨他们：他们真是大错特错。很明显，他们对抑郁一无所知。

When you're in a depression you think that you'll never come out of it, that you won't come out alive, that the only way out is suicide.

当你处于抑郁中时，你认为你永远不会走出来，你不会活着走出来，唯一的出路就是自杀。

If you don't kill yourself, however, sooner or later you will come out of it, and then once you're out of it you cross over into the camp of the well-meaning friends and can no longer imagine this state of intolerable and seemingly endless distress.

然而，如果你不自杀，总有一天你会走出困境，一旦你走出来了，你就会加入善意朋友的阵营，再也无法想象这种难以忍受、似乎无穷无尽的痛苦状态。

When I was young, I had a bad trip on hallucinogenic mushrooms. They sent me to hell, which is, by definition, frightful and never-ending.

我年轻的时候，有一次吃了致幻蘑菇而产生严重幻觉。这些蘑菇让我身处地狱，按照定义来讲，地狱是可怕的，没有尽头的。

But I was lucid in my nightmare, and told myself: "Don't panic. I took poison. Its effect will last as long as it takes me to digest it, in eight or 10 hours it'll be over, I just have to hold on until then."

但我在这场噩梦中很清醒，我告诉自己："不要惊慌。我只是中毒了。毒性会持续到我消化完这些毒蘑菇，再过8到10个小时就结束了，我只需要坚持到那个时候就行。"

I said this to reassure myself, it was reasonable and true, but at the same time I wondered: "Can I hold on until then? In eight or 10 hours will I still be alive?"

我这样说是为了安慰自己，这是合理的，也是真实的，但同时我也在想："我能坚持到那会儿吗？再过8个小时或10个小时，我还会活着吗？"

I lived through it, and I know that once you're back among the living you put this hell into perspective, you quickly forget the horror. As Louis-Ferdinand Celine puts it in Journey to the End of the Night, "The biggest defeat in every department of life is to forget, especially the things that have done you in."

我最后挺过来了，我现在知道，一旦你活过来了，你就会正确地看待这个地狱，很快就会忘记那种恐惧。正如路易·费迪南·塞利纳在《茫茫黑夜漫游》中所说的那样："生命中最大的失败莫过于忘却，尤其是忘却那些杀死你的事情。"

Anyway. Unfortunately for me, I'm no stranger to depression.

不管怎样，不幸的是，我对抑郁症并不陌生。

But what I still didn't know during my first psychiatric consultations is that, in the definition of bipolar disorder, the pole opposite the dive into depression isn't necessarily a state of spectacular euphoria and disinhibition that leads to social suicide and often to suicide itself, but just as frequently what psychiatrists call hypomania, which means in plain language that you act like a fool, but not to the same extent.

但在第一次接受精神病学咨询时，我还不知道在双相情感障碍的定义中，陷入抑郁的对立面并不一定是导致社死或自杀的惊人的兴奋和情绪释放，而常常是精神病学家所说的轻躁狂，用通俗的语言来说就是你表现得像个傻瓜，但程度不同。

词汇预习

• frequently [高考]

  美[ˈfriːkwəntli] | 英[ˈfriːkwəntli]

  adv. 频繁地；经常地

• haven [高考]

  美[ˈheɪvn] | 英[ˈheɪvn]

  n. 港口；避难所 v. 安置 ... 于港中；庇护

• disorder [高考]

  美[dɪsˈɔːrdər] | 英[dɪsˈɔːdə(r)]

  n. 紊乱；疾病；失调；混乱 v. 扰乱；使(身心等)失调

• definition [高考]

  美[ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn] | 英[ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn]

  n. 定义；阐释；清晰度

• seemingly [高考]

  美[ˈsiːmɪŋli] | 英[ˈsiːmɪŋli]

  adv. 表面上；似乎；看起来

• horror [高考]

  美[ˈhɔːrər] | 英[ˈhɒrə(r)]

  n. 恐怖；战栗；厌恶；震惊 adj. 恐怖的

• depression [高考]

  美[dɪˈpreʃn] | 英[dɪˈpreʃn]

  n. 沮丧；萧条

• perspective [高考]

  美[pərˈspektɪv] | 英[pəˈspektɪv]

  n. 视角，观点；远景；景观；透视法 adj.(按照)透视画法的；透视的

• extent [高考]

  美[ɪkˈstent] | 英[ɪkˈstent]

  n. 广度； 宽度； 长度； 大小； 范围； 程度 n. [律][英]扣押； [美]临时所有权令

• nightmare [高考]

  美[ˈnaɪtmer] | 英[ˈnaɪtmeə(r)]

  n. 恶梦；使人极其痛苦的事情或经历；梦魇

• clue [高考]

  美[kluː] | 英[kluː]

  n. 线索；（故事等的）情节 vt. 为…提供线索；为…提供情况

• defeat [高考]

  美[dɪˈfiːt] | 英[dɪˈfiːt]

  n. 挫败；败北 vt. 战胜；击败；使...不能实现

• panic [高考]

  美[ˈpænɪk] | 英[ˈpænɪk]

  n. 惊慌；恐慌 v. 使…惊慌；感到恐慌 adj. 恐慌的；惊慌的

• endless [高考]

  美[ˈendləs] | 英[ˈendləs]

  adj. 无止境的；没完没了的

• digest [高考]

  美[daɪˈdʒest , ˈdaɪdʒest] | 英[daɪˈdʒest , ˈdaɪdʒest]

  n. 摘要 vt. 消化；理解 vi. 消化

• means [高考]

  美[miːnz] | 英[miːnz]

  n. 方法；手段；收入；财产 v. 意思是，意味（动词mean的第三人称单数）

• living [高考]

  美[ˈlɪvɪŋ] | 英[ˈlɪvɪŋ]

  adj. 活着的；生动的 n. 生活；生计

• spectacular [高考]

  美[spekˈtækjələr] | 英[spekˈtækjələ(r)]

  adj. 壮观的；令人惊叹的 n. 壮观；豪华节目

• suicide [高考]

  美[ˈsuːɪsaɪd] | 英[ˈsuːɪsaɪd]

  n. 自杀；自杀者；自取灭亡的行为 adj. 自杀性的

• necessarily [四级]

  美[ˌnesəˈserəli] | 英[ˌnesəˈserəli]

  adv. 必然地；必定地；必需地

• distress [四级]

  美[dɪˈstres] | 英[dɪˈstres]

  n. 不幸；危难；苦恼；痛苦 vt. 使苦恼；使痛苦

• hell [四级]

  美[hel] | 英[hel]

  n. 地狱；阴间；苦境；极大的痛苦 n. 究竟（用以加强语气） int. 见鬼，该死（用于表示生气或恼怒） v. 过放荡生活；(车辆)急驰 【名】（Hell）黑尔（人名）

• look at [四级]

  美[lʊk æt] | 英[lʊk æt]

  （仔细地）看；着眼，考虑

• one day [四级]

  美[wʌn de] | 英[wʌn dei]

  (过去或将来)某一天

• reassure [六级]

  美[ˌriːəˈʃʊr] | 英[ˌriːəˈʃʊə(r)]

  v. 使…安心；再保证；重拾(信心等)

• dismay [六级]

  美[dɪsˈmeɪ] | 英[dɪsˈmeɪ]

  n. 沮丧；绝望 vt. 使 ... 沮丧；使 ... 惊愕

• resent [六级]

  美[rɪˈzent] | 英[rɪˈzent]

  v. 怨恨，憎恶

• frightful [六级]

  美[ˈfraɪtfəl] | 英[ˈfraɪtfl]

  adj. 可怕的；吓人的

• out of [六级]

  美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]

  prep. 离…一段距离；从…里；离开 ...；出于

• euphoria [专八]

  美[juˈfɔriə, -ˈfor-] | 英[ju:ˈfɔ:riə]

  n. 幸福愉快感

• lucid [专八]

  美[ˈlusɪd] | 英[ˈlu:sɪd]

  adj. 明白易懂的；清晰的；神智清醒的

• intolerable [考研]

  美[ɪnˈtɑlərəbl] | 英[ɪnˈtɒlərəbl]

  adj. 无法忍受的；难耐的

• don [托福]

  美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]

  n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上

重点讲解

That's the hallmark of depression: you can't believe that one day you'll get better.

这就是抑郁的特点：你无法相信有一天你会好起来。

wide of the mark    不准确；离谱

（英文释义：to be wrong or not accurate）

【例】Their predictions turned out to be wide of the mark. 

后来发现他们的预测结果太离谱了。

【拓展】mark相关的一些词组：

1. be on the mark   精确；准确无误

（英文释义：to be accurate or correct） 

【例】That estimate was right on the mark. 那个估计分毫不差。

2. miss the mark   没有达到目的

（英文释义：to fail to achieve the result that was intended）

【例】Her speech missed the mark and failed to generate the public support she had been hoping for.

她的演讲没有达到目的，没能获得她所希望的公众支持。

Well-meaning friends say: "You'll be fine, you'll see." But you only look at them with dismay and even start to resent them: they're so wide of the mark. It's so clear they haven't got a clue.

好心的朋友会说："你会好起来的，你等着看吧。" 但你只会沮丧地看着他们，甚至开始怨恨他们：他们真是大错特错。很明显，他们对抑郁一无所知。

wide of the mark    不准确；离谱

（英文释义：to be wrong or not accurate）

【例】Their predictions turned out to be wide of the mark. 

后来发现他们的预测结果太离谱了。

【拓展】mark相关的一些词组：

1. be on the mark   精确；准确无误

（英文释义：to be accurate or correct） 

【例】That estimate was right on the mark. 那个估计分毫不差。

2. miss the mark   没有达到目的

（英文释义：to fail to achieve the result that was intended）

【例】Her speech missed the mark and failed to generate the public support she had been hoping for.

她的演讲没有达到目的，没能获得她所希望的公众支持。

When you're in a depression you think that you'll never come out of it, that you won't come out alive, that the only way out is suicide.

当你处于抑郁中时，你认为你永远不会走出来，你不会活着走出来，唯一的出路就是自杀。

cross over into/to    转变；变换

（英文释义：to change from one activity or style to another）

【例】Charles crossed over from blues to gospel.

查尔斯的风格从布鲁斯转变为福音音乐。

If you don't kill yourself, however, sooner or later you will come out of it, and then once you're out of it you cross over into the camp of the well-meaning friends and can no longer imagine this state of intolerable and seemingly endless distress.

然而，如果你不自杀，总有一天你会走出困境，一旦你走出来了，你就会加入善意朋友的阵营，再也无法想象这种难以忍受、似乎无穷无尽的痛苦状态。

cross over into/to    转变；变换

（英文释义：to change from one activity or style to another）

【例】Charles crossed over from blues to gospel.

查尔斯的风格从布鲁斯转变为福音音乐。

When I was young, I had a bad trip on hallucinogenic mushrooms. They sent me to hell, which is, by definition, frightful and never-ending.

我年轻的时候，有一次吃了致幻蘑菇而产生严重幻觉。这些蘑菇让我身处地狱，按照定义来讲，地狱是可怕的，没有尽头的。

trip    n.  （服用毒品后产生的）幻觉

【例】Many drug users have had bad trips. 

许多瘾君子都有过严重的吸毒幻觉.

lucid    adj.

1. 清晰的；易懂的

【例】a brief and lucid summary 简单明了的摘要

2. 头脑清晰的；清醒的

【例】The statement was written when his mind was still lucid. 

这份陈述是在他神志还清醒时写的。

3. 清澈的；透明的

【例】They were walking in the lucid midsummer evening. 

他们在仲夏清朗的黄昏时分散步。

But I was lucid in my nightmare, and told myself: "Don't panic. I took poison. Its effect will last as long as it takes me to digest it, in eight or 10 hours it'll be over, I just have to hold on until then."

但我在这场噩梦中很清醒，我告诉自己："不要惊慌。我只是中毒了。毒性会持续到我消化完这些毒蘑菇，再过8到10个小时就结束了，我只需要坚持到那个时候就行。"

trip    n.  （服用毒品后产生的）幻觉

【例】Many drug users have had bad trips. 

许多瘾君子都有过严重的吸毒幻觉.

lucid    adj.

1. 清晰的；易懂的

【例】a brief and lucid summary 简单明了的摘要

2. 头脑清晰的；清醒的

【例】The statement was written when his mind was still lucid. 

这份陈述是在他神志还清醒时写的。

3. 清澈的；透明的

【例】They were walking in the lucid midsummer evening. 

他们在仲夏清朗的黄昏时分散步。

I said this to reassure myself, it was reasonable and true, but at the same time I wondered: "Can I hold on until then? In eight or 10 hours will I still be alive?"

我这样说是为了安慰自己，这是合理的，也是真实的，但同时我也在想："我能坚持到那会儿吗？再过8个小时或10个小时，我还会活着吗？"

reassure   v. 使安心；打消疑虑

【例】They tried to reassure her, but she still felt anxious. 

他们设法让她放心，可她还是焦虑不安。

【拓展】reassuring  adj. 令人放心的

【例】It's reassuring that we've got the money if necessary. 

我们有了应急的钱，这就不必担心了。

【辨析】assure  v. 确信；确保；保证

【例】She's perfectly safe, I can assure you. 

我可以向你保证，她绝对安全。

perspective    n.

1. 视角；观点

【例】Try to see the issue from a different perspective. 

试着以不同的角度看待这件事。

2. 客观判断力；合理观察

【例】Try to keep these issues in perspective. 

要尽量恰当地处理这些问题。

3. 透视法

【例】The tree on the left is out of perspective. 

左侧的树不成比例（不符合透视法的规则）。

I lived through it, and I know that once you're back among the living you put this hell into perspective, you quickly forget the horror. As Louis-Ferdinand Celine puts it in Journey to the End of the Night, "The biggest defeat in every department of life is to forget, especially the things that have done you in."

我最后挺过来了，我现在知道，一旦你活过来了，你就会正确地看待这个地狱，很快就会忘记那种恐惧。正如路易·费迪南·塞利纳在《茫茫黑夜漫游》中所说的那样："生命中最大的失败莫过于忘却，尤其是忘却那些杀死你的事情。"

reassure   v. 使安心；打消疑虑

【例】They tried to reassure her, but she still felt anxious. 

他们设法让她放心，可她还是焦虑不安。

【拓展】reassuring  adj. 令人放心的

【例】It's reassuring that we've got the money if necessary. 

我们有了应急的钱，这就不必担心了。

【辨析】assure  v. 确信；确保；保证

【例】She's perfectly safe, I can assure you. 

我可以向你保证，她绝对安全。

perspective    n.

1. 视角；观点

【例】Try to see the issue from a different perspective. 

试着以不同的角度看待这件事。

2. 客观判断力；合理观察

【例】Try to keep these issues in perspective. 

要尽量恰当地处理这些问题。

3. 透视法

【例】The tree on the left is out of perspective. 

左侧的树不成比例（不符合透视法的规则）。

Anyway****.**** Unfortunately for me****,**** I'm no**** stranger**** to**** depression****.****

不管怎样，不幸的是，我对抑郁症并不陌生。

But what**** I still didn****'t know**** during**** my**** first psychiatric consultations is**** that****,**** in**** the definition**** of**** bipolar disorder****,**** the pole**** opposite**** the dive**** into**** depression**** isn't necessarily a state of**** spectacular euphoria**** and disinhibition that**** leads to**** social**** suicide and often to**** suicide itself****,**** but just**** as**** frequently**** what**** psychiatrists call**** hypomania,**** which means in**** plain language**** that**** you act like**** a fool****,**** but not to**** the same**** extent****.****

但在第一次接受精神病学咨询时，我还不知道在双相情感障碍的定义中，陷入抑郁的对立面并不一定是导致社死或自杀的惊人的兴奋和情绪释放，而常常是精神病学家所说的轻躁狂，用通俗的语言来说就是你表现得像个傻瓜，但程度不同。

课后练习

• According to the author, the major feature of depression is ____.

  A. a feeling of isolation

  B. a mistrust of friends

  C. a loss of hope

  D. an aversion to communication

• What would happen after people come out of depression?

  A. They would live in fear of suicide.

  B. They would be grateful to their friends.

  C. They would be optimistic about life.

  D. They would view distress reasonably.

• What can be learned from the mushroom incident?

  A. Toxic mushrooms can aggravate depression.

  B. Well-meaning lies can bring a sense of relief.

  C. Persistence and calmness is the remedy for horror.

  D. It’s important to remember all the hardships.

• Which of the following statements is true about hypomania?

  A. It is a condition different from bipolar disorder.

  B. One of the symptoms of it is extreme euphoria.

  C. It is likely to cause madness and desire of suicide.

  D. It features abnormal but less manic behaviors.