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为什么现场音乐比录制音乐更精彩
- Authors
人们仍然挤在闷热的地下室、泥泞的田野和金碧辉煌的音乐厅里，听他们最喜欢的音乐人演奏。
双语精读
Nothing better than the real thing
真东西才是最好的
Why recorded music will never feel as good as being at a concert.
为什么录制的音乐永远没有音乐会体验好。
In a world of music streaming services, access to almost any song is just a few clicks away. Yet, the live gig lives on. People still fill sweaty basements, muddy fields and gilded concert halls to hear their favourite musicians play.
在音乐流媒体服务的世界里，只需点击几下鼠标就能听到几乎所有的歌曲。然而现场演出仍在继续。人们仍然挤在闷热的地下室、泥泞的田野和金碧辉煌的音乐厅里，听他们最喜欢的音乐人演奏。
And now neuroscientists might know why: live music engages the brain's emotion centres more than its recorded counterpart. Concerts are immersive social experiences in which people listen to and feel the music together through crescendos, key changes and drops.
现在神经科学家可能知道了这一现象的原因：现场音乐比录制音乐更能调动大脑的情绪中枢。音乐会是一种沉浸式的社交体验，人们通过渐强的音乐、音调的变化和下降一起聆听和感受音乐。
They are also dynamic-artists can adapt their playing according to the crowd's reaction. It was this last difference that led neuroscientists, based at the Universities of Zurich and Oslo, to study the brain responses of people listening to music.
音乐会也是动态的，艺术家可以根据观众的反应来调整演奏。正是因为后一种差异，苏黎世大学和奥斯陆大学的神经科学家们开始研究人们听音乐时大脑的反应。
In the "live" experiment, participants lay in an MRI scanner listening to the music through earphones, while a pianist was positioned outside the room. The pianist was shown the participant's real-time brain activity as a form of feedback.
在“现场演奏”实验中，受试者躺在核磁共振扫描仪上，通过耳机听音乐，而钢琴师被安置在房间外面。受试者的实时大脑活动会作为一种反馈展现给钢琴师看。
In the recorded condition, participants listened to pre-recorded versions of the same tunes. The scientists were interested in how live music affected the areas of the brain that process emotions.
在“录制音乐”的条件下，受试者听到预先录制的相同曲目。现场音乐如何对大脑中处理情绪的区域产生影响，这让科学家们很感兴趣。
In the live condition pianists were instructed to try and modulate their playing in order to drive the activity in one of these regions known as the amygdala, an almond-shaped area deep inside the brain.
在现场演奏实验中，钢琴师被指示要调整他们的演奏，以调动这些区域里的杏仁核的活动，杏仁核是大脑深处一个杏仁形的区域。
The results, just published in the journal PNAS, showed that live music had far more emotional impact.
刚刚发表在《美国国家科学院公报》上的研究结果表明，现场音乐对情感的影响要大得多。
Whether the music was happy or sad, listening to the pianist playing in a dynamic way generated more activity in both the amygdala and other parts of the brain's emotion processing network.
无论音乐是快乐的还是悲伤的，听钢琴师以动态的方式演奏在杏仁核和其他处理情绪的区域产生了更多活动。
The researchers also found that participants' brain activity tracked the acoustic features of the music, like tempo and pitch, far more closely when it was played live.
研究人员还发现，在现场演奏中，受试者的大脑活动对音乐的节奏和音调等声音特征追踪得更紧密。
The study was far from replicating the real experience of a gig, and the authors noted that the live music ended up sounding quite different from the recorded tracks, which may have driven some of the differences in participant's brain activity.
这项研究远没有再现出演唱会的真实体验，研究者们指出，现场音乐最终听起来与录制曲目完全不同，这可能导致受试者的大脑活动出现了一些差异。
But the results indicate that the ability of artists to change the way they play in response to the audience may be one aspect of what makes live music special.
但研究结果表明，艺术家能够根据观众的反应改变演奏方式，这可能是现场音乐有独特魅力的一个原因。
词汇预习
participant [高考]
美[pɑːrˈtɪsɪpənt] | 英[pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt]
n. 参与者
emotional [高考]
美[ɪˈmoʊʃənl] | 英[ɪˈməʊʃənl]
adj. 感情的；情绪的
response [高考]
美[rɪˈspɑːns] | 英[rɪˈspɒns]
n. 反应；回答；响应；答复
impact [高考]
美[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt] | 英[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt]
n. 影响；冲击力；撞击 vt. 挤入；压紧；撞击；对 ... 发生影响 vi. 冲击；撞击；产生影响
reaction [高考]
美[riˈækʃn] | 英[riˈækʃn]
n. 反应；生理反应；反应能力；复旧；反动；化学反应
journal [高考]
美[ˈdʒɜːrnl] | 英[ˈdʒɜːnl]
n. 日志；日记；期刊
feedback [高考]
美[ˈfiːdbæk] | 英[ˈfiːdbæk]
n. 反馈；反馈意见
pitch [高考]
美[pɪtʃ] | 英[pɪtʃ]
n. 投掷；球场；程度；音调；推销；街头商贩摊位；沥青；树脂；松脂 v. 用力扔，抛；颠簸；搭帐篷；用沥青覆盖；（猛地）向前跌倒；定调；推销
indicate [高考]
美[ˈɪndɪkeɪt] | 英[ˈɪndɪkeɪt]
v. 指示；象征；显示；暗示，预示 v. 表明；指明
adapt [高考]
美[əˈdæpt] | 英[əˈdæpt]
vt. 改编；使适应 vi. 适应；适合
access [高考]
美[ˈækses] | 英[ˈækses]
n.入口，通道；获得的机会，使用权；（对计算机存储器的）访问，存取；（情感）爆发，发作；探视权 v. 接近，进入；获取，访问（计算机信息） adj.[美]（电视节目或时间等）对外公开的
aspect [高考]
美[ˈæspekt] | 英[ˈæspekt]
n. 方面；方位；外观；外貌
muddy [高考]
美[ˈmʌdi] | 英[ˈmʌdi]
adj. 泥泞的；浑浊的；糊涂的 v. 使沾上烂泥；使 ... 混浊；使迷惑
dynamic [高考]
美[daɪˈnæmɪk] | 英[daɪˈnæmɪk]
adj. 动力的；动态的；有活力的；【音】力度变化的 n. 动力；动力学
access to [高考]
美[ˈæksɛs tu] | 英[ˈækses tu:]
接近，有权使用；进入，通向…的路口
in order [高考]
美[ɪn 'ɔːrdər] | 英[ɪn 'ɔːdə]
整齐；秩序井然；按顺序
in response [高考]
美[ɪn rɪˈspɑns] | 英[in riˈspɔns]
作为回答
counterpart [四级]
美[ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt] | 英[ˈkaʊntəpɑːt]
n. 职务相当的人；对应物；相似之物；副本
lay in [四级]
美[le ɪn] | 英[lei in]
贮存； 预备； 储蓄
modulate [六级]
美[ˈmɑːdʒəleɪt] | 英[ˈmɒdjuleɪt]
v. 调整；调节（声音）；变调
tempo [专四]
美[ˈtempoʊ] | 英[ˈtempəʊ]
n. 拍子；节奏；速率
according [专四]
美[ə'kɔrdɪŋ] | 英[ə'kɔːdɪŋ]
adj. 相符的；相应的；一致的 v. 给予；符合，一致；正式协议（accord的现在分词）
noted [托福]
美[ˈnoʊtɪd] | 英[ˈnəʊtɪd]
adj. 著名的；有声望的
scanner [雅思]
美[ˈskænɚ] | 英[ˈskænə(r)]
n. 扫描机；扫描仪
favourite [雅思]
美[ˈfeɪvərɪt] | 英[ˈfeɪvərɪt]
adj. 最喜爱的 n. 最受喜爱的人(或物)
重点讲解
Nothing better than the real thing
真东西才是最好的
live on
1. 继续存在
【例】The memory of her father lives on in her heart.
她心中永存着对父亲的回忆。
2. 以……为食；以……为生
【例】Small birds live mainly on insects.
小鸟主要靠食昆虫为生。
He lives on a small pension from the government.
他依靠政府的小额养老金生活。
She lives on coffee on workdays.
工作日的时候她靠咖啡续命。
Why recorded music will never feel as good as being at a concert.
为什么录制的音乐永远没有音乐会体验好。
live on
1. 继续存在
【例】The memory of her father lives on in her heart.
她心中永存着对父亲的回忆。
2. 以……为食；以……为生
【例】Small birds live mainly on insects.
小鸟主要靠食昆虫为生。
He lives on a small pension from the government.
他依靠政府的小额养老金生活。
She lives on coffee on workdays.
工作日的时候她靠咖啡续命。
In a world of music streaming services, access to almost any song is just a few clicks away. Yet, the live gig lives on. People still fill sweaty basements, muddy fields and gilded concert halls to hear their favourite musicians play.
在音乐流媒体服务的世界里，只需点击几下鼠标就能听到几乎所有的歌曲。然而现场演出仍在继续。人们仍然挤在闷热的地下室、泥泞的田野和金碧辉煌的音乐厅里，听他们最喜欢的音乐人演奏。
live on
1. 继续存在
【例】The memory of her father lives on in her heart.
她心中永存着对父亲的回忆。
2. 以……为食；以……为生
【例】Small birds live mainly on insects.
小鸟主要靠食昆虫为生。
He lives on a small pension from the government.
他依靠政府的小额养老金生活。
She lives on coffee on workdays.
工作日的时候她靠咖啡续命。
And now neuroscientists might know why: live music engages the brain’s emotion centres more than its recorded counterpart. Concerts are immersive social experiences in which people listen to and feel the music together through crescendos, key changes and drops.
现在神经科学家可能知道了这一现象的原因：现场音乐比录制音乐更能调动大脑的情绪中枢。音乐会是一种沉浸式的社交体验，人们通过渐强的音乐、音调的变化和下降一起聆听和感受音乐。
engage v. 吸引；占用
【例】engage one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
engage one's interest 使某人感兴趣
engage one's imagination 激发某人的想象力
engage the resources 占用资源
They are also dynamic—artists can adapt their playing according to the crowd’s reaction. It was this last difference that led neuroscientists, based at the Universities of Zurich and Oslo, to study the brain responses of people listening to music.
音乐会也是动态的，艺术家可以根据观众的反应来调整演奏。正是因为后一种差异，苏黎世大学和奥斯陆大学的神经科学家们开始研究人们听音乐时大脑的反应。
dynamic adj. 动态变化的
【例】Markets are dynamic and a company must learn to adapt.
市场是动态变化的，公司必须学会适应市场变化。
【近义词】fluid/evolving adj. 易变的；不断演变的
【反义词】stable/static adj. 稳定的；静止的
position n. & v.
1. 作名词：位置；地方
【例】the position of the lamp 在放灯的地方
2. 作动词：放在……地方；安置
【例】He positioned the lamp on the table.
他把灯放在桌子上。
【近义词】place n./v. 地方；放置
In the “live” experiment, participants lay in an MRI scanner listening to the music through earphones, while a pianist was positioned outside the room. The pianist was shown the participant’s real-time brain activity as a form of feedback.
在“现场演奏”实验中，受试者躺在核磁共振扫描仪上，通过耳机听音乐，而钢琴师被安置在房间外面。受试者的实时大脑活动会作为一种反馈展现给钢琴师看。
dynamic adj. 动态变化的
【例】Markets are dynamic and a company must learn to adapt.
市场是动态变化的，公司必须学会适应市场变化。
【近义词】fluid/evolving adj. 易变的；不断演变的
【反义词】stable/static adj. 稳定的；静止的
position n. & v.
1. 作名词：位置；地方
【例】the position of the lamp 在放灯的地方
2. 作动词：放在……地方；安置
【例】He positioned the lamp on the table.
他把灯放在桌子上。
【近义词】place n./v. 地方；放置
In the recorded condition, participants listened to pre-recorded versions of the same tunes. The scientists were interested in how live music affected the areas of the brain that process emotions.
在“录制音乐”的条件下，受试者听到预先录制的相同曲目。现场音乐如何对大脑中处理情绪的区域产生影响，这让科学家们很感兴趣。
affect v. 影响
【例】Your opinion will not affect my decision.
你的意见不会影响我的决定。
【近义词】influence v. 影响
【辨析】effect n. 作用；效果；效应
【例】side effects/special effect 副作用/特效
In the live condition pianists were instructed to try and modulate their playing in order to drive the activity in one of these regions known as the amygdala, an almond-shaped area deep inside the brain.
在现场演奏实验中，钢琴师被指示要调整他们的演奏，以调动这些区域里的杏仁核的活动，杏仁核是大脑深处一个杏仁形的区域。
affect v. 影响
【例】Your opinion will not affect my decision.
你的意见不会影响我的决定。
【近义词】influence v. 影响
【辨析】effect n. 作用；效果；效应
【例】side effects/special effect 副作用/特效
The results,**** just**** published in**** the journal PNAS****,**** showed**** that**** live**** music had far more**** emotional impact****.****
刚刚发表在《美国国家科学院公报》上的研究结果表明，现场音乐对情感的影响要大得多。
Whether the music was happy or**** sad,**** listening to**** the pianist playing in**** a dynamic way generated more**** activity**** in**** both**** the amygdala**** and other parts of**** the brain’s emotion processing**** network.****
无论音乐是快乐的还是悲伤的，听钢琴师以动态的方式演奏在杏仁核和其他处理情绪的区域产生了更多活动。
The researchers also**** found that**** participants****’**** brain activity**** tracked the acoustic**** features**** of**** the music,**** like**** tempo and pitch,**** far more**** closely when**** it**** was played**** live****.****
研究人员还发现，在现场演奏中，受试者的大脑活动对音乐的节奏和音调等声音特征追踪得更紧密。
The study was far from replicating the real experience of a gig, and the authors noted that the live music ended up sounding quite different from the recorded tracks, which may have driven some of the differences in participant’s brain activity.
这项研究远没有再现出演唱会的真实体验，研究者们指出，现场音乐最终听起来与录制曲目完全不同，这可能导致受试者的大脑活动出现了一些差异。
But the results indicate that the ability of artists to change the way they play in response to the audience may be one aspect of what makes live music special.
但研究结果表明，艺术家能够根据观众的反应改变演奏方式，这可能是现场音乐有独特魅力的一个原因。
课后练习
Why do people still attend live music events even though they can listen to music online?
A. Because the number of songs accessible online is limited
B. Because they can't afford to pay for music streaming services.
C. Because they enjoy listening to music in the outdoor environment.
D. Because they can feel more emotions in live music concerts.
Why did neuroscientists study the brain responses of people listening to music?
A. Because they wanted to find out why concerts were immersive.
B. Because they were interested in the social aspect of live concerts.
C. Because they wanted to study the interaction between the audience and artists.
D. Because they were surprised by people’s enthusiasm for concerts.
What is the difference between the "live" experiment and the recorded condition?
A. Whether the participants could see the pianist or not.
B. Whether the participants used earphones or not.
C. Whether the pianist played well or badly.
D. Whether the music changed or not.
According to the study, what caused the differences in participants' brain activity?
A. The similar experience of a gig.
B. The different music that participants heard.
C. The tempo and pitch of recorded music.
D. The manipulation of audience reactions by artists.