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儿童网红赚的钱应该归谁(下)
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儿童正在"作为一种内容被公开消费，这种消费有时每天都在进行，出现在各种平台上"。
双语精读
In August, Illinois passed a law, the first of its kind in the United States, requiring adults who use "the likeness, name or photograph" of a minor in paid online content to set aside a portion of the earnings in a trust.
今年8月，伊利诺伊州通过了一项法律，这是美国首部此类法律，要求在付费在线内容中使用了未成年人"肖像、姓名或照片"的成年人，必须将收入的一部分放在信托基金中。
David Koehler, a state senator who introduced the bill, was inspired after receiving a letter from Shreya Nallamothu, a local high school student, urging him to consider establishing legal protections for child influencers.
提出这项法案的州参议员大卫·克勒在收到当地高中生什雷亚·纳拉莫苏的一封信后受到了启发，信中纳拉莫苏敦促他考虑为儿童网红建立法律保护。
How much parents should set aside is based on how much the child appears in the content. For example, if the child is in 100 percent of an influencer's videos, at least half of the earnings must be set aside.
父母应该在信托基金中放多少钱，取决于儿童在网络内容中出现了多少。例如，如果儿童在网红视频中出现的比例为100%，那么必须留出至少一半的收入。
The law, which will go into effect in July 2024, does not require parents to report information about their child's earnings to the state, but it does give child influencers the right to pursue legal action.
这项将于2024年7月生效的法律并不要求父母向州政府报告儿童的收入信息，但它赋予了儿童网红提起法律诉讼的权利。
In Washington State, Chris McCarty, a college sophomore who uses the gender honorific Mx., has been working with local politicians since 2021 to design a law that will protect child social media stars.
在华盛顿州，克里斯·麦卡蒂是一名大二学生（Ta使用无性别称呼Mx），自2021年以来，Ta一直与当地政界人士合作，设计一项保护儿童社交媒体明星的法律。
The current version of the bill, introduced in January, requires parents to set aside 15 percent of their revenue; it also includes a provision that an Internet platform would have to take "all reasonable steps" to delete a video at the request of a child star who has come of age if the platform paid the parents for that content.
该法案的当前版本于今年1月推出，要求父母拿出收入的15%；其中还包括一项条款：如果互联网平台为某一视频内容向父母付费，则平台必须应已成年儿童网红的要求，采取"一切合理措施"将该视频删除。
In February, Cam Barrett, a TikTok influencer who appeared in her mother's Facebook posts regularly as a child, testified in support of the Washington bill.
今年2月，TikTok网红卡姆·巴雷特作证支持华盛顿的这项法案。巴雷特小时候经常出现在母亲的脸书帖子里。
"I'm terrified to share my name because a digital footprint I had no control over exists," Ms. Barrett said. She recalled her mother sharing intimate details of her first period, of a car accident she was in, and of a serious illness she once had.
"我不敢让别人知道我的名字，因为网上有关于我的内容，而我没办法控制这些内容。"她说。她回忆了她母亲在网上讲述她第一次来月经的隐私细节、她经历过的一次车祸，以及她曾经患过的一场重病。
Sarah Adams, a blogger who criticizes child exploitation on social media, said that children were being "consumed as content publicly, sometimes on the daily, across various platforms."
莎拉·亚当斯是一位在社交媒体上批评剥削儿童的博客作者，她说儿童正在"作为一种内容被公开消费，这种消费有时每天都在进行，出现在各种平台上"。
Influencing has become an aspirational path for many young people. A study by the Harris Poll, a market analytics group, and Lego found that children ages 8 to 12 are three times as interested in being a YouTuber as they are in being an astronaut.
成为网红已经成了许多年轻人的一个志向。市场分析集团哈里斯民意调查和乐高公司联合开展的一项研究发现，8至12岁的儿童对成为油管博主的兴趣是对成为宇航员的兴趣的三倍。
The amount of money that influencers earn varies widely, but the most successful ones, like Anastasia Radzinskaya, the 9-year-old star of the YouTube channel Like Nastya, can make millions of dollars.
网红的收入水平差别很大，最成功的网红可以赚到数百万美元，比如阿纳斯塔西娅·拉津斯卡娅，她今年九岁，油管账号是Like Nastya。
In videos shared with 108 million subscribers, Anastasia spends time with her parents and friends, and demonstrates the risks of overeating sugar as well as the benefits of washing hands.
在有1.08亿订阅者共同观看的视频中，阿纳斯塔西娅与父母和朋友共度时光，并演示了过量吃糖的风险以及洗手的好处。
词汇预习
current [高考]
美[ˈkɜːrənt] | 英[ˈkʌrənt]
n. 趋势；(水、气、电)流 adj. 现在的；流通的
minor [高考]
美[ˈmaɪnər] | 英[ˈmaɪnə(r)]
adj. 轻微的；较小的；次要的 n. 未成年人；辅修科目；[音]小调 v. 辅修
publicly [高考]
美['pʌblɪkli] | 英['pʌblɪkli]
adv. 公开地；公然地；以公众名义
exploitation [高考]
美[ˌɛksplɔɪˈteʃən] | 英[ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn]
n. 开发；开采；剥削；利用
pursue [高考]
美[pərˈsuː] | 英[pəˈsjuː]
v. 追求；追捕；继续执行；从事
footprint [高考]
美[ˈfʊtprɪnt] | 英[ˈfʊtprɪnt]
n. 脚印；足迹
revenue [高考]
美[ˈrevənuː] | 英[ˈrevənjuː]
n. 税收；收入；税务局
portion [高考]
美[ˈpɔːrʃn] | 英[ˈpɔːʃn]
n. 部分；命运；分担的责任；份 v. 分配；命运注定
intimate [高考]
美[ˈɪntɪmət , ˈɪntɪmeɪt] | 英[ˈɪntɪmət , ˈɪntɪmeɪt]
adj. 亲密的；私人的；关系紧密的 vt. 暗示；透露 n. 密友
provision [高考]
美[prəˈvɪʒn] | 英[prəˈvɪʒn]
n. 提供，供应；准备，预备；（尤指为旅行准备的）食物，必需品；条款，规定；赡养，供养；准备金 v. 为…提供所需物品（尤指食物）；（为已知债务）留出准备金
media [高考]
美[ˈmiːdiə] | 英[ˈmiːdiə]
n. 传播媒介；(medium的复数)媒体；新闻媒介
Ms. [高考]
美[mɪz] | 英[mɪz]
n. 女士，小姐
legal [高考]
美[ˈliːɡl] | 英[ˈliːɡl]
adj. 法定的；法律的；合法的
platform [高考]
美[ˈplætfɔːrm] | 英[ˈplætfɔːm]
n. 平台，站台，月台，讲台，(政党的)政纲 v. 把…放在台上；起草政纲；站在讲台上演说
delete [高考]
美[dɪˈliːt] | 英[dɪˈliːt]
vt. 删除
control over [高考]
美[kənˈtrol ˈovɚ] | 英[kənˈtrəul ˈəuvə]
控制
set aside [高考]
美[ˈset əsaɪd] | 英[ˈset əsaɪd]
v. 留出；拨出；拒绝；驳回；不理会；废止
come of [高考]
美[kʌm əv] | 英[kʌm əv]
由 ... 引起； 来自 ...
gender [高考]
美[ˈdʒendər] | 英[ˈdʒendə(r)]
n. 性别；性（阳性、阴性和中性）
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
senator [四级]
美[ˈsenətər] | 英[ˈsenətə(r)]
n. 参议员
earnings [四级]
美[ˈɜːrnɪŋz] | 英[ˈɜːnɪŋz]
n. 收入；利润
information about [四级]
美 | 英
有关……的信息
in support of [四级]
美[ɪn sə'pɔːrt əv] | 英[ɪn sə'pɔːt əv]
维护； 支持； 拥护
come of age [四级]
美[kʌm ʌv edʒ] | 英[kʌm ɔv eidʒ]
成年； 满法定年龄
likeness [六级]
美[ˈlaɪknɪs] | 英[ˈlaɪknəs]
n. 相像；相似物；样子
based on [六级]
美[best ɑn] | 英[beɪst ɔn]
以 ... 为基础； 基于
right to [六级]
美 | 英
...的权力；对某事物的权利
sophomore [专四]
美[ˈsɑːfəmɔːr] | 英[ˈsɒfəmɔː(r)]
n. (大学或高中的)二年级学生
重点讲解
In August, Illinois passed a law, the first of its kind in the United States, requiring adults who use "the likeness, name or photograph" of a minor in paid online content to set aside a portion of the earnings in a trust.
今年8月，伊利诺伊州通过了一项法律，这是美国首部此类法律，要求在付费在线内容中使用了未成年人"肖像、姓名或照片"的成年人，必须将收入的一部分放在信托基金中。
minor adj. & v. & n.
1. 作形容词：次要的；轻微的
【例】minor injuries/offences/changes 轻伤/轻罪/细微的改变
【反义词】major adj. 主要的；重大的
2. 作动词：辅修
【例】I minor in English.
我辅修英语。
【反义词】major v. 主修
3. 作名词：未成年人
【例】It is an offence to serve alcohol to minors.
向未成年人提供含酒精的饮料是违法的。
【拓展】juvenile adj. 少年的；未成年的
【例】a juvenile offender 少年犯
【辨析】teenager/adolescent n. （十几岁的）青少年
set aside
1. 放到一边；留出（为某种用途）
【例】I set aside half an hour every evening to read a novel.
我每天晚上留出半小时的时间来读小说。
2. 暂时不考虑
【例】Setting aside the question of cost, what do you think of the idea?
先不考虑成本问题，你觉得这个主意怎么样？
David Koehler, a state senator who introduced the bill, was inspired after receiving a letter from Shreya Nallamothu, a local high school student, urging him to consider establishing legal protections for child influencers.
提出这项法案的州参议员大卫·克勒在收到当地高中生什雷亚·纳拉莫苏的一封信后受到了启发，信中纳拉莫苏敦促他考虑为儿童网红建立法律保护。
inspire v.
1. 鼓舞；鼓励
【例】His speech inspired the crowd.
他的演说鼓舞了群众。
【拓展】inspiring/inspiration adj./n. 鼓舞人心的；鼓舞人心的事物
2. 赋予灵感；启发思考
【例】His story later inspired a Hollywood film.
他的故事后来为一部好莱坞电影带来了灵感。
【拓展】inspiration n. 灵感
How much parents should set aside is based on how much the child appears in the content. For example, if the child is in 100 percent of an influencer's videos, at least half of the earnings must be set aside.
父母应该在信托基金中放多少钱，取决于儿童在网络内容中出现了多少。例如，如果儿童在网红视频中出现的比例为100%，那么必须留出至少一半的收入。
inspire v.
1. 鼓舞；鼓励
【例】His speech inspired the crowd.
他的演说鼓舞了群众。
【拓展】inspiring/inspiration adj./n. 鼓舞人心的；鼓舞人心的事物
2. 赋予灵感；启发思考
【例】His story later inspired a Hollywood film.
他的故事后来为一部好莱坞电影带来了灵感。
【拓展】inspiration n. 灵感
The law, which will go into effect in July 2024, does not require parents to report information about their child's earnings to the state, but it does give child influencers the right to pursue legal action.
这项将于2024年7月生效的法律并不要求父母向州政府报告儿童的收入信息，但它赋予了儿童网红提起法律诉讼的权利。
go into effect 开始生效
【例】New regulations go into effect next month.
下月开始实施新的管制措施。
【近义词】take effect/with effect from...
开始生效/从……起生效
sophomore n. 大二学生
【例】He is in his sophomore year.
他正在念大二。
【拓展】freshman/junior/senior 大一/大三/大四学生
undergraduate/a graduate student/a doctoral candidate 本科生/研究生/博士生
In Washington State, Chris McCarty, a college sophomore who uses the gender honorific Mx., has been working with local politicians since 2021 to design a law that will protect child social media stars.
在华盛顿州，克里斯·麦卡蒂是一名大二学生（Ta使用无性别称呼Mx），自2021年以来，Ta一直与当地政界人士合作，设计一项保护儿童社交媒体明星的法律。
go into effect 开始生效
【例】New regulations go into effect next month.
下月开始实施新的管制措施。
【近义词】take effect/with effect from...
开始生效/从……起生效
sophomore n. 大二学生
【例】He is in his sophomore year.
他正在念大二。
【拓展】freshman/junior/senior 大一/大三/大四学生
undergraduate/a graduate student/a doctoral candidate 本科生/研究生/博士生
The current version of the bill, introduced in January, requires parents to set aside 15 percent of their revenue; it also includes a provision that an Internet platform would have to take "all reasonable steps" to delete a video at the request of a child star who has come of age if the platform paid the parents for that content.
该法案的当前版本于今年1月推出，要求父母拿出收入的15%；其中还包括一项条款：如果互联网平台为某一视频内容向父母付费，则平台必须应已成年儿童网红的要求，采取"一切合理措施"将该视频删除。
at/by the request of sb 应某人要求
【例】He was transferred to another department at his own request.
应本人的要求，他被调到别的部门去了。
【拓展】on request/demand 一经要求
【例】Application forms are available on request.
申请表格一经索要，即可提供。
come of age 成年；达到法定年龄
【例】My parents came of age during the 1960s.
我父母在20世纪60年代成年。
【反义词】be under age 未到法定年龄
【例】It is illegal to sell cigarettes to children who are under age.
售香烟给未到法定年龄的儿童是非法的。
testify v.
1. 出庭作证
【例】to testify for/against sb 为某人的清白作证/作证指控某人
【拓展】testimony n. 证词；口供
2. 证实；证明
【例】Managing people is not easy, as many new managers can testify.
管人并不简单，许多新上任的经理可以证明这一点。
【搭配】testify to sth 证明了某事
In February, Cam Barrett, a TikTok influencer who appeared in her mother's Facebook posts regularly as a child, testified in support of the Washington bill.
今年2月，TikTok网红卡姆·巴雷特作证支持华盛顿的这项法案。巴雷特小时候经常出现在母亲的脸书帖子里。
at/by the request of sb 应某人要求
【例】He was transferred to another department at his own request.
应本人的要求，他被调到别的部门去了。
【拓展】on request/demand 一经要求
【例】Application forms are available on request.
申请表格一经索要，即可提供。
come of age 成年；达到法定年龄
【例】My parents came of age during the 1960s.
我父母在20世纪60年代成年。
【反义词】be under age 未到法定年龄
【例】It is illegal to sell cigarettes to children who are under age.
售香烟给未到法定年龄的儿童是非法的。
testify v.
1. 出庭作证
【例】to testify for/against sb 为某人的清白作证/作证指控某人
【拓展】testimony n. 证词；口供
2. 证实；证明
【例】Managing people is not easy, as many new managers can testify.
管人并不简单，许多新上任的经理可以证明这一点。
【搭配】testify to sth 证明了某事
"I'm terrified to share my name because a digital footprint I had no control over exists," Ms. Barrett said. She recalled her mother sharing intimate details of her first period, of a car accident she was in, and of a serious illness she once had.
"我不敢让别人知道我的名字，因为网上有关于我的内容，而我没办法控制这些内容。"她说。她回忆了她母亲在网上讲述她第一次来月经的隐私细节、她经历过的一次车祸，以及她曾经患过的一场重病。
aspirational adj. 追求成功的；有志向的
【例】High-end smartphones have become aspirational status symbols, especially among the young.
高端手机已经成为受人追求的地位象征，尤其是在年轻人中。
【拓展】aspire v. 追求；有志（成为）
【例】She aspired to a scientific career/to be a scientist.
她有志于科学事业/她有志于成为科学家。
Sarah Adams, a blogger who criticizes child exploitation on social media, said that children were being "consumed as content publicly, sometimes on the daily, across various platforms."
莎拉·亚当斯是一位在社交媒体上批评剥削儿童的博客作者，她说儿童正在"作为一种内容被公开消费，这种消费有时每天都在进行，出现在各种平台上"。
aspirational adj. 追求成功的；有志向的
【例】High-end smartphones have become aspirational status symbols, especially among the young.
高端手机已经成为受人追求的地位象征，尤其是在年轻人中。
【拓展】aspire v. 追求；有志（成为）
【例】She aspired to a scientific career/to be a scientist.
她有志于科学事业/她有志于成为科学家。
Influencing has become an aspirational path for many young people. A study by the Harris Poll, a market analytics group, and Lego found that children ages 8 to 12 are three times as interested in being a YouTuber as they are in being an astronaut.
成为网红已经成了许多年轻人的一个志向。市场分析集团哈里斯民意调查和乐高公司联合开展的一项研究发现，8至12岁的儿童对成为油管博主的兴趣是对成为宇航员的兴趣的三倍。
aspirational adj. 追求成功的；有志向的
【例】High-end smartphones have become aspirational status symbols, especially among the young.
高端手机已经成为受人追求的地位象征，尤其是在年轻人中。
【拓展】aspire v. 追求；有志（成为）
【例】She aspired to a scientific career/to be a scientist.
她有志于科学事业/她有志于成为科学家。
The amount of money that influencers earn varies widely, but the most successful ones, like Anastasia Radzinskaya, the 9-year-old star of the YouTube channel Like Nastya, can make millions of dollars.
网红的收入水平差别很大，最成功的网红可以赚到数百万美元，比如阿纳斯塔西娅·拉津斯卡娅，她今年九岁，油管账号是Like Nastya。
vary v.
1. 相异；不同
【例】The quality of the samples varied. / The samples varied in quality.
样本的质量参差不齐。
2. （根据……而）变化
【例】Prices vary according to the type of room you require.
价格随要求的房间类型而有所变化。
【拓展】varied adj. 多变的；各种各样的
In videos shared with 108 million subscribers, Anastasia spends time with her parents and friends, and demonstrates the risks of overeating sugar as well as the benefits of washing hands.
在有1.08亿订阅者共同观看的视频中，阿纳斯塔西娅与父母和朋友共度时光，并演示了过量吃糖的风险以及洗手的好处。
vary v.
1. 相异；不同
【例】The quality of the samples varied. / The samples varied in quality.
样本的质量参差不齐。
2. （根据……而）变化
【例】Prices vary according to the type of room you require.
价格随要求的房间类型而有所变化。
【拓展】varied adj. 多变的；各种各样的
课后练习
What can be learned about the law passed in Illinois?
A. It bans adults from using children’s likeness in online content.
B. It is the first law in America to protect child influencers.
C. It requires adults to put all the earnings into a trust.
D. It helps minimize children’s appearance in the content.
What can be learned about the bill in Washington State?
A. It requires half of the earnings to be set aside.
B. It gives child influencers the right to delete the content.
C. It asks the platform to compensate child influencers.
D. It allows children to appear in unpaid content.
The example of Cam Barrett shows that ____.
A. child influencers are criticized online
B. social media posts may distort a child’s personality
C. child influencers cannot protect their privacy
D. adults may abuse children behind the camera
The study by Harris Poll and Lego found that ____.
A. children spent much time watching YouTube videos
B. being an influencer became an attractive career option
C. child influencers could earn more than adults
D. the audience were interested in children’s life