早起好还是晚睡好？

苹果公司的老板蒂姆·库克在凌晨4点到5点之间就醒了。

双语精读

Clash of the chronotypes: Is it better to be an early bird or a night owl?

生物钟的差异：做早起的鸟儿好，还是做夜猫子好？

Rare is the chief executive who extols the virtues of a lie-in.

很少有首席执行官会宣扬睡懒觉的好处。

Tim Cook, boss of Apple, maker of the iPhone, wakes between 4 am and 5 am. So does Bob Iger, his counterpart at Disney, a media giant.

iPhone制造商苹果公司的老板蒂姆·库克在凌晨4点到5点之间就醒了。媒体巨头迪士尼的老板鲍勃·伊格尔也是如此。

According to one survey, two-thirds of the chief executives of large American companies are up by 6 o'clock; for average Americans the share is less than one in three.

根据一项调查，三分之二的美国大公司首席执行官在6点前起床，而对于普通美国人来说，这一比例不到三分之一。

For those aspiring to corporate greatness, the message seems clear: you snooze, you lose.

对于那些有志于在企业中取得巨大成就的人来说，信息似乎很明确：打盹，你就输了。

Your guest Bartleby harbours no such ambitions.

本专栏作家没有这么远大的志向。

But he has, in the past, experimented with early starts, and can confirm that their benefits go beyond the smug sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving at your desk before your editor.

但他过去曾尝试过早起，并且可以证实，早起的好处不仅仅是当你在编辑到达之前就坐到你的办公桌前的时候所产生的那种自鸣得意的满足感。

Inboxes can be cleared and tricky problems mulled over before the onslaught of emails and meetings begins, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead.

早起的好处还包括可以把收件箱清理干净，棘手的问题也可以在大量电子邮件和会议来袭开始之前就考虑好，从而让你感觉为接下来的一天做好了充分准备。

Plenty of research finds merit in early rising. In a study conducted in 2012 by Renee Biss and Lynn Hasher, then both at the University of Toronto, early birds reported feeling happier and healthier.

大量研究发现早起是有好处的。在2012年由蕾妮·比斯和林恩·哈希尔（当时两人都在多伦多大学）进行的一项研究中，早起的人报告称感觉更快乐和更健康。

Night owls, their nocturnal opposites, tend to have less sleep, which can weigh on their mood and health - as well as their productivity.

与他们对应的是夜猫子，夜猫子往往睡眠时间较少，这会为情绪和健康带来负担，也会影响效率。

Andrew Conlin of the University of Oulu, in Finland, and co-authors found that men who rose late made 4% less money than those who were up early (they did not test whether an extra 4% is enough to entice slumberers to throw off their duvets).

芬兰奥卢大学的安德鲁·康林及其合著者发现，晚起的男性比早起的男性收入少4%（他们没有测试多赚的4%是否足以吸引爱睡觉的人掀开被子）。

Rising early is not, though, all upside. Those ready and waiting to receive work when the boss arrives may be given more of it. If the early bird gets the worm, the clever worm stays in bed.

但早起并非百利而无一害。那些在老板到达时就准备好并等待接收工作的人，可能会得到更多的工作。如果说早起的鸟儿有虫吃，那么聪明的虫子会睡懒觉。

Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning that those who come in early may end up working just as late as their dawn-averse colleagues. And the more emails you send in the morning, the more responses you are bound to get back.

紧急任务经常在白天出现，这意味着那些来得早的人最终可能和那些不喜欢早起的同事一样工作到很晚。而且你早上发送的电子邮件越多，你得到的回复也必定越多。

Efforts to alter your circadian rhythm are likely to end in sleepy frustration. A person's chronotype, to use the scientific lingo, is largely a product of their genes.

试图改变你的昼夜节律可能会以困倦和沮丧告终。用科学术语来说，一个人的生物钟类型在很大程度上是他们基因的产物。

Dimming your lights at night and buying a special alarm clock will not magically transform you into a morning person.

夜间调暗灯光和购买特殊闹钟并不会神奇地将你变成一个早起的人。

Those early hours will be of little use if they are spent staring blankly at a screen through bleary eyes. This Bartleby abandoned his efforts at early starts after growing alarmed at the quantities of caffeine he required to stay awake.

如果早起的时间都用来睡眼惺忪地盯着屏幕发呆，那早起就没什么用了。本专栏作者在对保持清醒所需摄入的咖啡因数量感到担忧后，放弃了早起的努力。

Early birds, for their part, lose out by never being the life of the party after the sun goes down. If nothing else, that gives them one fewer thing to feel smug about.

对早起的鸟儿来说，他们失去了在太阳下山后成为派对主角的机会。就算没有其他事情，这也会让他们少了一件感到自鸣得意的事情。

Perhaps the best advice, then, is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between.

也许，最好的建议是不要担心你的生物钟。大多数人既不是早起的人，也不是夜猫子，而是介于两者之间。

They do not perform well first thing in the morning or late in the evening. Many, including your columnist, get sleepy in the afternoon, too. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5 -- and why they ought to have nap rooms.

他们在一大早或晚上很晚的时候都表现不佳。许多人，包括本专栏作家，在下午也会犯困。这就是为什么大多数办公室的工作时间是朝九晚五，以及为什么办公室应该配备午休室。

词汇预习

• giant [高考]

  美[ˈdʒaɪənt] | 英[ˈdʒaɪənt]

  n. 巨人；巨物；大公司 adj. 巨大的

• executive [高考]

  美[ɪɡˈzekjətɪv] | 英[ɪɡˈzekjətɪv]

  adj. 行政的；决策的；经营的；[计算机]执行指令 n. 行政主管；行政部门；决策者

• largely [高考]

  美[ˈlɑːrdʒli] | 英[ˈlɑːdʒli]

  adv. 大部分；主要地

• owl [高考]

  美[aʊl] | 英[aʊl]

  n. 猫头鹰

• corporate [高考]

  美[ˈkɔːrpərət] | 英[ˈkɔːpərət]

  adj. 法人的；公司的；社团的；共同的；全体的

• productivity [高考]

  美[ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti] | 英[ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]

  n. 生产率；生产力

• rhythm [高考]

  美[ˈrɪðəm] | 英[ˈrɪðəm]

  n. 节奏；节律；（事件或过程）有规律的反复出现

• tricky [高考]

  美[ˈtrɪki] | 英[ˈtrɪki]

  adj. 棘手的；狡猾的；巧妙的

• nocturnal [高考]

  美[nɑːkˈtɜːrnl] | 英[nɒkˈtɜːnl]

  adj. 在夜间的；（指生物）夜间活动的

• frustration [高考]

  美[frʌˈstreɪʃn] | 英[frʌˈstreɪʃn]

  n. 挫折；失败；令人沮丧的东西

• upside [高考]

  美[ˈʌpˌsaɪd] | 英[ˈʌpsaɪd]

  n. 好的一面，优势；（股票价格）上涨 prep. [美，非正式]对着…一侧

• alter [高考]

  美[ˈɔːltər] | 英[ˈɔːltə(r)]

  v. 改变；更改；阉割；切除卵巢

• merit [高考]

  美[ˈmerɪt] | 英[ˈmerɪt]

  n. 优点；功绩；价值 v. 值得；应得

• columnist [高考]

  美[ˈkɑləmnɪst] | 英[ˈkɒləmnɪst]

  n. 专栏作家

• media [高考]

  美[ˈmiːdiə] | 英[ˈmiːdiə]

  n. 传播媒介；(medium的复数)媒体；新闻媒介

• editor [高考]

  美[ˈedɪtər] | 英[ˈedɪtə(r)]

  n. 编辑；编者；影片剪辑装置

• confirm [高考]

  美[kənˈfɜːrm] | 英[kənˈfɜːm]

  v. 证实；批准；确定

• worm [高考]

  美[wɜːrm] | 英[wɜːm]

  n. 虫；蠕虫 v. 蠕动；驱虫；慢慢获取

• chief [高考]

  美[tʃiːf] | 英[tʃiːf]

  adj. 主要的；首要的 n. 首领

• transform [高考]

  美[trænsˈfɔːrm] | 英[trænsˈfɔːm]

  v. 使改观，使变形，使转化；变换（电流）的电压；（数）变换（数学实体） n.（数，语言学）变换式，转换句；（数，语言学）转换规则

• ought [高考]

  美[ˈɔːt] | 英[ˈɔːt]

  aux. 应该；应当；本该 vi. 应该，应当；大概

• dawn [高考]

  美[dɔːn] | 英[dɔːn]

  n. 黎明；曙光；开端；破晓 vi. 开始出现；破晓；逐渐明白

• bound [高考]

  美[baʊnd] | 英[baʊnd]

  adj. 必定的；有义务的；受约束的；装订的 vi. 跳；跳跃前进；猛涨 n. 跳跃；范围；界限

• in between [高考]

  美[ɪn bɪˈtwin] | 英[in biˈtwi:n]

  在 ... 之间

• end in [高考]

  美[ɛnd ɪn] | 英[end in]

  以 ... 告终

• send in [高考]

  美[sɛnd ɪn] | 英[send in]

  呈报； 提出； 递送

• ought to [高考]

  美[ˈɔːt tə] | 英[ˈɔːt tə]

  应该；应当

• entice [高考]

  美[ɪnˈtaɪs] | 英[ɪnˈtaɪs]

  v. 诱使；引诱

• nap [四级]

  美[næp] | 英[næp]

  n. 小睡；绒毛；纳普牌 vi. 打盹；疏忽

• counterpart [四级]

  美[ˈkaʊntərpɑːrt] | 英[ˈkaʊntəpɑːt]

  n. 职务相当的人；对应物；相似之物；副本

• caffeine [四级]

  美[ˈkæfiːn] | 英[ˈkæfiːn]

  n. 咖啡因

• at night [四级]

  美[æt naɪt] | 英[æt nait]

  在夜里

• throw off [四级]

  美[θro ɔf] | 英[θrəu ɔf]

  抛弃； 摆脱

• greatness [六级]

  美[ˈɡretnɪs] | 英[ɡreɪtnəs]

  n. 伟大；崇高；巨大

• lose out [六级]

  美[luz aʊt] | 英[lu:z aut]

  输掉； 失败； 被压倒； 被取代

• onslaught [专八]

  美[ˈɑːnslɔːt] | 英[ˈɒnslɔːt]

  n. 猛攻；攻击；抨击

• smug [专八]

  美[smʌɡ] | 英[smʌg]

  adj. 自鸣得意的；沾沾自喜的；整洁的

• less than [雅思]

  美[les ðən] | 英[les ðən]

  不到； 少于

重点讲解

Clash of the chronotypes: Is it better to be an early bird or a night owl?

生物钟的差异：做早起的鸟儿好，还是做夜猫子好？

clash   n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）打斗；冲突；交战

【例】violent clashes between police and demonstrators

警方和示威者之间的暴力冲突

（2）争论；辩论

【例】a head-on clash between the two leaders over education policy

两位领导人就教育政策进行的针锋相对的争论

（3）差异；分歧

【例】a clash of interests/opinions/cultures

利益冲突；意见分歧；文化差异

2. 作动词

（1）打斗；冲突

【例】The two sets of supporters clashed outside the stadium.

双方的支持者在体育场外打了起来。

（2）争论；辩论

【例】The leaders and members clashed on the issue.

领袖和下属的成员在这个问题上产生了分歧。

Rare is the chief executive who extols the virtues of a lie-in.

很少有首席执行官会宣扬睡懒觉的好处。

clash   n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）打斗；冲突；交战

【例】violent clashes between police and demonstrators

警方和示威者之间的暴力冲突

（2）争论；辩论

【例】a head-on clash between the two leaders over education policy

两位领导人就教育政策进行的针锋相对的争论

（3）差异；分歧

【例】a clash of interests/opinions/cultures

利益冲突；意见分歧；文化差异

2. 作动词

（1）打斗；冲突

【例】The two sets of supporters clashed outside the stadium.

双方的支持者在体育场外打了起来。

（2）争论；辩论

【例】The leaders and members clashed on the issue.

领袖和下属的成员在这个问题上产生了分歧。

Tim Cook, boss of Apple, maker of the iPhone, wakes between 4 am and 5 am. So does Bob Iger, his counterpart at Disney, a media giant.

iPhone制造商苹果公司的老板蒂姆·库克在凌晨4点到5点之间就醒了。媒体巨头迪士尼的老板鲍勃·伊格尔也是如此。

counterpart   n. 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物

【例】The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart.

外交部长与中国的同级官员举行了会谈。

The women's shoe, like its male counterpart, is specifically designed for the serious tennis player.

像同类的男款鞋一样，这款女鞋是专为认真从事网球运动的人设计的。

According to one survey, two-thirds of the chief executives of large American companies are up by 6 o'clock; for average Americans the share is less than one in three.

根据一项调查，三分之二的美国大公司首席执行官在6点前起床，而对于普通美国人来说，这一比例不到三分之一。

counterpart   n. 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物

【例】The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart.

外交部长与中国的同级官员举行了会谈。

The women's shoe, like its male counterpart, is specifically designed for the serious tennis player.

像同类的男款鞋一样，这款女鞋是专为认真从事网球运动的人设计的。

For those aspiring to corporate greatness, the message seems clear: you snooze, you lose.

对于那些有志于在企业中取得巨大成就的人来说，信息似乎很明确：打盹，你就输了。

counterpart   n. 职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物

【例】The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart.

外交部长与中国的同级官员举行了会谈。

The women's shoe, like its male counterpart, is specifically designed for the serious tennis player.

像同类的男款鞋一样，这款女鞋是专为认真从事网球运动的人设计的。

Your guest Bartleby harbours no such ambitions.

本专栏作家没有这么远大的志向。

harbour    v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）怀有；心存

【例】She began to harbour doubts about the decision.

她开始对这个决定产生怀疑。

（2）包含；藏有

【例】Sinks and draining boards can harbour germs.

洗涤槽和沥水板可能藏有病菌。

2. 作名词：港口，港湾

【例】to enter/leave harbour 进入/离开港口

confirm   v. 

1. （尤指提供证据来）证实，证明

【例】Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women.

研究已经证实，这种风险在女性中的比例更高。

2. 肯定，确认（安排、日期或情况）

【例】Could you confirm the dates we discussed?

你能确认我们商讨过的日期吗？

But he has, in the past, experimented with early starts, and can confirm that their benefits go beyond the smug sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving at your desk before your editor.

但他过去曾尝试过早起，并且可以证实，早起的好处不仅仅是当你在编辑到达之前就坐到你的办公桌前的时候所产生的那种自鸣得意的满足感。

harbour    v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）怀有；心存

【例】She began to harbour doubts about the decision.

她开始对这个决定产生怀疑。

（2）包含；藏有

【例】Sinks and draining boards can harbour germs.

洗涤槽和沥水板可能藏有病菌。

2. 作名词：港口，港湾

【例】to enter/leave harbour 进入/离开港口

confirm   v. 

1. （尤指提供证据来）证实，证明

【例】Research has confirmed that the risk is higher for women.

研究已经证实，这种风险在女性中的比例更高。

2. 肯定，确认（安排、日期或情况）

【例】Could you confirm the dates we discussed?

你能确认我们商讨过的日期吗？

Inboxes can be cleared and tricky problems mulled over before the onslaught of emails and meetings begins, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead.

早起的好处还包括可以把收件箱清理干净，棘手的问题也可以在大量电子邮件和会议来袭开始之前就考虑好，从而让你感觉为接下来的一天做好了充分准备。

mull sth over   认真琢磨，反复思考（问题、计划等）

【例】I need some time to mull it over before making a decision.

在作出决定之前我需要一些时间来认真琢磨一下。

【近义词】consider   v. 仔细考虑，细想

【例】She considered her options.

她仔细考虑了自己的各种选择。

Plenty of research finds merit in early rising. In a study conducted in 2012 by Renee Biss and Lynn Hasher, then both at the University of Toronto, early birds reported feeling happier and healthier.

大量研究发现早起是有好处的。在2012年由蕾妮·比斯和林恩·哈希尔（当时两人都在多伦多大学）进行的一项研究中，早起的人报告称感觉更快乐和更健康。

mull sth over   认真琢磨，反复思考（问题、计划等）

【例】I need some time to mull it over before making a decision.

在作出决定之前我需要一些时间来认真琢磨一下。

【近义词】consider   v. 仔细考虑，细想

【例】She considered her options.

她仔细考虑了自己的各种选择。

Night owls, their nocturnal opposites, tend to have less sleep, which can weigh on their mood and health — as well as their productivity.

与他们对应的是夜猫子，夜猫子往往睡眠时间较少，这会为情绪和健康带来负担，也会影响效率。

weigh on   加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安

【例】The responsibilities weigh heavily on him.

他肩负重任，寝食不安。

【拓展】weigh down

1. 使（某人）感到沉重；压下

【例】Sally was weighed down with shopping bags.

萨莉吃力地提着购物袋。

2. 使感到焦虑，使烦恼

【例】He felt weighed down by his responsibilities.

他感到自己的责任重得难以承受。

Andrew Conlin of the University of Oulu, in Finland, and co-authors found that men who rose late made 4% less money than those who were up early (they did not test whether an extra 4% is enough to entice slumberers to throw off their duvets).

芬兰奥卢大学的安德鲁·康林及其合著者发现，晚起的男性比早起的男性收入少4%（他们没有测试多赚的4%是否足以吸引爱睡觉的人掀开被子）。

weigh on   加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安

【例】The responsibilities weigh heavily on him.

他肩负重任，寝食不安。

【拓展】weigh down

1. 使（某人）感到沉重；压下

【例】Sally was weighed down with shopping bags.

萨莉吃力地提着购物袋。

2. 使感到焦虑，使烦恼

【例】He felt weighed down by his responsibilities.

他感到自己的责任重得难以承受。

Rising early is not, though, all upside. Those ready and waiting to receive work when the boss arrives may be given more of it. If the early bird gets the worm, the clever worm stays in bed.

但早起并非百利而无一害。那些在老板到达时就准备好并等待接收工作的人，可能会得到更多的工作。如果说早起的鸟儿有虫吃，那么聪明的虫子会睡懒觉。

come up

1. 发生，出现

【例】I'm afraid something urgent has come up.

恐怕有紧急事情发生。

2. 被提及；被讨论

【例】The question is bound to come up at the meeting.

会上一定会讨论这个问题。

3. 走近，靠近（为了和某人说话）

【例】A man came up to him and asked for a light.

一个男人走上前来向他借火。

Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning that those who come in early may end up working just as late as their dawn-averse colleagues. And the more emails you send in the morning, the more responses you are bound to get back.

紧急任务经常在白天出现，这意味着那些来得早的人最终可能和那些不喜欢早起的同事一样工作到很晚。而且你早上发送的电子邮件越多，你得到的回复也必定越多。

come up

1. 发生，出现

【例】I'm afraid something urgent has come up.

恐怕有紧急事情发生。

2. 被提及；被讨论

【例】The question is bound to come up at the meeting.

会上一定会讨论这个问题。

3. 走近，靠近（为了和某人说话）

【例】A man came up to him and asked for a light.

一个男人走上前来向他借火。

Efforts to alter your circadian rhythm are likely to end in sleepy frustration. A person's chronotype, to use the scientific lingo, is largely a product of their genes.

试图改变你的昼夜节律可能会以困倦和沮丧告终。用科学术语来说，一个人的生物钟类型在很大程度上是他们基因的产物。

dim   adj. & v. 

1. 作形容词

（1）昏暗的；暗淡的

【例】The light is too dim to read by. 

这光线太暗，看不了书。

（2）不清楚的；朦胧的

【例】I could see a dim shape in the doorway.

我模模糊糊看见门口有个人影。

【例】dim memories 模糊的记忆

（3）迟钝的，愚笨的

【例】He's very dim. 他很迟钝。

2. 作动词

（1）（使）变暗淡，变昏暗

【例】The lights in the theatre began to dim.

剧院里的灯光开始暗下来。

（2）（使）减弱

【例】Even the rain could not dim their enthusiasm.

甚至下雨都未能减弱他们的热情。

Dimming your lights at night and buying a special alarm clock will not magically transform you into a morning person.

夜间调暗灯光和购买特殊闹钟并不会神奇地将你变成一个早起的人。

dim   adj. & v. 

1. 作形容词

（1）昏暗的；暗淡的

【例】The light is too dim to read by. 

这光线太暗，看不了书。

（2）不清楚的；朦胧的

【例】I could see a dim shape in the doorway.

我模模糊糊看见门口有个人影。

【例】dim memories 模糊的记忆

（3）迟钝的，愚笨的

【例】He's very dim. 他很迟钝。

2. 作动词

（1）（使）变暗淡，变昏暗

【例】The lights in the theatre began to dim.

剧院里的灯光开始暗下来。

（2）（使）减弱

【例】Even the rain could not dim their enthusiasm.

甚至下雨都未能减弱他们的热情。

Those early hours will be of little use if they are spent staring blankly at a screen through bleary eyes. This Bartleby abandoned his efforts at early starts after growing alarmed at the quantities of caffeine he required to stay awake.

如果早起的时间都用来睡眼惺忪地盯着屏幕发呆，那早起就没什么用了。本专栏作者在对保持清醒所需摄入的咖啡因数量感到担忧后，放弃了早起的努力。

quantity   n.

1. 量；数量

【例】Is it available in sufficient quantity?

这东西能不能足量供应？

2. 大量；大批

【例】It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity.

大宗购物比较便宜。

【辨析】quality  n. & adj.

1. 作名词 

（1）质量；品质

【例】goods of a high quality 优质商品

（2）人品，素质

【例】to have leadership qualities 具有领导素质

2. 作形容词：优质的；高质量的

【例】quality service at a competitive price 质优价廉的服务

lose out   失去，丧失（想要或觉得应有的东西）

【例】Workers who don’t take up training may lose out on promotion.

没有接受培训的工人可能会丧失升职机会。

Early birds, for their part, lose out by never being the life of the party after the sun goes down. If nothing else, that gives them one fewer thing to feel smug about.

对早起的鸟儿来说，他们失去了在太阳下山后成为派对主角的机会。就算没有其他事情，这也会让他们少了一件感到自鸣得意的事情。

quantity   n.

1. 量；数量

【例】Is it available in sufficient quantity?

这东西能不能足量供应？

2. 大量；大批

【例】It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity.

大宗购物比较便宜。

【辨析】quality  n. & adj.

1. 作名词 

（1）质量；品质

【例】goods of a high quality 优质商品

（2）人品，素质

【例】to have leadership qualities 具有领导素质

2. 作形容词：优质的；高质量的

【例】quality service at a competitive price 质优价廉的服务

lose out   失去，丧失（想要或觉得应有的东西）

【例】Workers who don’t take up training may lose out on promotion.

没有接受培训的工人可能会丧失升职机会。

Perhaps the best advice, then, is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between.

也许，最好的建议是不要担心你的生物钟。大多数人既不是早起的人，也不是夜猫子，而是介于两者之间。

operate   v.

1. 使用，操作（机器或设备）

【例】Clive was experienced in operating the computers.

克莱夫对操作电脑很有经验。

2. （企业或机构）经营，营业

【例】Illegal drinking clubs continue to operate in the city.

非法饮酒俱乐部继续在城内营业。

3. （机器）运转，运作

【例】The bus is designed to operate in all weather conditions.

这种公共汽车的设计使它能够在各种天气条件下行驶。

They do not perform well first thing in the morning or late in the evening. Many, including your columnist, get sleepy in the afternoon, too. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5 -- and why they ought to have nap rooms.

他们在一大早或晚上很晚的时候都表现不佳。许多人，包括本专栏作家，在下午也会犯困。这就是为什么大多数办公室的工作时间是朝九晚五，以及为什么办公室应该配备午休室。

operate   v.

1. 使用，操作（机器或设备）

【例】Clive was experienced in operating the computers.

克莱夫对操作电脑很有经验。

2. （企业或机构）经营，营业

【例】Illegal drinking clubs continue to operate in the city.

非法饮酒俱乐部继续在城内营业。

3. （机器）运转，运作

【例】The bus is designed to operate in all weather conditions.

这种公共汽车的设计使它能够在各种天气条件下行驶。

课后练习

• According to the author's experience, what is the benefit of early starts?

  A. It helps him achieve a successful career.

  B. It allows him to get ready for the day’s work.

  C. It helps him leave a good impression on the editor.

  D. It gives him more time to socialize with colleagues.

• What is the downside of rising early?

  A. Early-risers earn less salary than nigh owls.

  B. Early-risers may be less clever due to insufficient sleep.

  C. Early-risers may receive more work if they start working early.

  D. Early-risers are more likely to make mistakes in the morning.

• What does the author think about trying hard to rise early?

  A. It is a great way to increase productivity.

  B. It is likely to lead to negative consequences.

  C. It can be achieved easily by using simple tools.

  D. It will succeed only through scientific methods.

• What may be the best advice for most people?

  A. Try to become either early birds or night owls.

  B. Make an effort to increase their productivity.

  C. Follow the natural rhythm of their body clock.

  D. Find a workplace that suits their body clock.