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家族企业的诱惑(上)
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家族企业造就扣人心弦的戏剧故事。只要问问任何一个在看《继承之战》最后一季的人就知道了,这部剧最近开始在HBO播出。
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双语精读
The lure of the family business: The pros and cons of following in your parents' footsteps
家族企业的诱惑:追随父母脚步的利与弊
Family business makes for compelling drama. Just ask anyone tuning in to the final season of "Succession", which has recently begun airing on HBO.
家族企业造就扣人心弦的戏剧故事。只要问问任何一个在看《继承之战》最后一季的人就知道了,这部剧最近开始在HBO播出。
This Bartleby prefers "Buddenbrooks", Thomas Mann's chronicle of the decline and collapse of a German merchant family over the course of four generations. That novel, first published in 1901, drew heavily on the author's personal experience.
本文的巴托比专栏作者更喜欢托马斯·曼的《布登勃洛克一家》,一部关于一个德国商人家族历经四代而衰落崩溃的编年史。这部小说于1901年首次出版,在很大程度上以作者的个人经历为素材。
The dilemmas of working for an organisation which an immediate family member runs or in which they own the majority sound alarming enough in fiction, never mind real life. And nepotism can be plenty dramatic even without the plot twists.
在一个由直系亲属管理或直系亲属拥有多数股权的组织里工作,这种两难境地在虚构小说中听起来就够令人担忧的了,更不用说在现实生活中。即使没有曲折情节,任人唯亲也可以相当有戏剧性。
These days it is frowned upon-most publicly listed companies and professional firms ban it. Still, family businesses make up more than 90% of the world's enterprises. Many of them, quite literally, are mom-and-pop shops.
如今,人们不赞成任人唯亲--大多数上市公司和专业公司都禁止这一行为。尽管如此,家族企业仍占全球企业的90%以上。其中许多都是名副其实的夫妻店。
Some are large-ish businesses in smallish economies, like the one in Athens where this guest Bartleby, straight out of university, was put in charge of managing relations with institutional investors.
有一些是小型经济体中比较大的企业,比如雅典的一家公司,笔者刚从大学毕业就在这家公司负责管理与机构投资者的关系。
A handful are giant global corporations: think of Rupert Murdoch's media empire (which allegedly inspired "Succession") or Bernard Arnault's $460bn luxury conglomerate, LVMH (which, as it happens, has grown by acquiring other family firms, such as Bulgari and Fendi).
还有几家是大型全球性企业:想想鲁伯特·默多克的传媒帝国(据说为《继承之战》提供了灵感),或者贝尔纳·阿尔诺价值4600亿美元的奢侈品集团酩悦·轩尼诗-路易·威登集团(LVMH)(该集团碰巧通过收购宝格丽和芬迪等其他家族企业而逐渐壮大)。
Regardless of size, all family companies face common challenges. Filial loyalty and multi-generational thinking can morph into resistance to change, and if a firm has outside shareholders, clash with their interests.
无论规模大小,所有家族企业都面临着共同的挑战。孝顺忠心和多代思维可能会演变成不思变革,如果公司里有家族以外的股东,那么就会出现利益冲突。
The process of generational transition can be particularly draining and frustrating to the staff members who are not family, raising uncomfortable questions about social mobility, or the lack thereof.
对于家族以外的员工来说,代际过渡的过程可能尤其令人感到精疲力竭和沮丧,并引发关于社会流动性或者说是缺乏社会流动性的令人不安的问题。
For the corporate heir, meeting family expectations and continuing a legacy while achieving personal fulfilment can generate a mass of contradictions, as Mann splendidly illuminated.
对于企业继承人来说,在实现个人成就的同时满足家族期望和延续遗产可能会引发大量矛盾,正如托马斯·曼精彩描述的那样。
Even in companies that insist they are meritocratic, no amount of skill will convince all your colleagues that you have actually earned your job. Any pre-existing domestic frictions might make their way into the business.
即使在坚称任人唯贤的公司里,有再多的技能也无法让你的所有同事相信,你是靠努力赢得了这份工作。任何先前存在的家庭内部摩擦都可能进入公司里。
And vice versa: disagreements over the business can breed feuds, often between siblings. In India, the bitter dispute between Mukesh and Anil Ambani over their inherited empire, Reliance Industries, lasted for years after their father died without leaving a will.
反之亦然:在公司业务上的分歧也可能会产生不睦,通常是在兄弟姐妹之间。在印度,穆克什和阿尼尔·安巴尼对他们继承的商业帝国“信实工业”产生了激烈争执,他们的父亲没有留下遗嘱就去世了,争执在父亲去世多年后仍然继续。
词汇预习
particularly [高考]
美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]
adv. 特别;尤其;详细地
immediate [高考]
美[ɪˈmiːdiət] | 英[ɪˈmiːdiət]
adj. 直接的;最接近的;立即的;目前的
giant [高考]
美[ˈdʒaɪənt] | 英[ˈdʒaɪənt]
n. 巨人;巨物;大公司 adj. 巨大的
transition [高考]
美[trænˈzɪʃn] | 英[trænˈzɪʃn]
n. 转变;过渡
corporate [高考]
美[ˈkɔːrpərət] | 英[ˈkɔːpərət]
adj. 法人的;公司的;社团的;共同的;全体的
publicly [高考]
美['pʌblɪkli] | 英['pʌblɪkli]
adv. 公开地;公然地;以公众名义
generate [高考]
美[ˈdʒenəreɪt] | 英[ˈdʒenəreɪt]
vt. 产生;发生;引起
dramatic [高考]
美[drəˈmætɪk] | 英[drəˈmætɪk]
adj. 戏剧性的;引人注目的;给人深刻印象的;激动人心的
luxury [高考]
美[ˈlʌkʃəri] | 英[ˈlʌkʃəri]
n. 奢侈品;奢侈;豪华
collapse [高考]
美[kəˈlæps] | 英[kəˈlæps]
v. (使)倒塌;(使)崩溃;(使)瓦解;折叠 n. 倒塌;崩溃;暴跌
institutional [高考]
美[ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənl] | 英[ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃənl]
adj. 制度上的;惯例的;机构的;学会的
resistance [高考]
美[rɪˈzɪstəns] | 英[rɪˈzɪstəns]
n. 抵抗;抵触;反对;阻力 n. [电]阻抗
mobility [高考]
美[moʊˈbɪləti] | 英[məʊˈbɪləti]
n. 流动性;机动性;情感不定
legacy [高考]
美[ˈleɡəsi] | 英[ˈleɡəsi]
n. 遗赠物;先人或过去遗留下来的东西 adj. [计算机]旧系统的
dispute [高考]
美[dɪˈspjuːt] | 英[dɪˈspjuːt]
v. 争论;辩驳;争议;质疑 n. 争论;争端;争吵
lack [高考]
美[læk] | 英[læk]
n. 缺乏;无 v. 缺乏;不足
media [高考]
美[ˈmiːdiə] | 英[ˈmiːdiə]
n. 传播媒介;(medium的复数)媒体;新闻媒介
charge [高考]
美[tʃɑːrdʒ] | 英[tʃɑːdʒ]
n. 责任;电荷;指控;费用;照顾;主管 vi. 要价;充电;向前冲,冲锋;记在账上 vt. 控诉;赊账;给…充电;委以重任;归罪于;装填(炸药等) 【名】(Charge)(英)查奇
decline [高考]
美[dɪˈklaɪn] | 英[dɪˈklaɪn]
v. 下降;减少;变弱;拒绝;倾斜 n. 减少,衰退
convince [高考]
美[kənˈvɪns] | 英[kənˈvɪns]
vt. 使确信;使信服;说服
mass [高考]
美[ mæs] | 英[mæs]
n. 大量;块;众多 adj. 大规模的;群众的 v. 集中 n. 弥撒曲;弥撒
ban [高考]
美[bæn] | 英[bæn]
v. 禁止;剥夺权利 n. 禁令;禁止
majority [高考]
美[məˈdʒɔːrəti] | 英[məˈdʒɒrəti]
n. 大多数;大部分;多数票;(获胜的)票数
merchant [高考]
美[ˈmɜːrtʃənt] | 英[ˈmɜːtʃənt]
n. 商人;店主;专家 adj. 商业的;商船的 n. (班轮提单)货方;签约方
plot [高考]
美[plɑːt] | 英[plɒt]
n. 情节;阴谋;图;(小块)土地 v. 密谋;绘图;计划;标示位置
organisation [高考]
美[ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn] | 英[ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn]
n. 组织;团体;条理
handful [高考]
美[ˈhændfʊl] | 英[ˈhændfʊl]
n. 一把;少数,少量; 难以控制的人(或事物)
vice [高考]
美[vaɪs] | 英[vaɪs]
n. 缺点,恶习;堕落,邪恶;罪行;老虎钳 v. 握住;钳紧 adj. 副的;代替的,代理的 prep.代替
in charge [高考]
美[ɪn tʃɑːrdʒ] | 英[ɪn tʃɑːdʒ]
adj. 负责;主管
in charge of [高考]
美[ɪn tʃɑːrdʒ əv] | 英[ɪn tʃɑːdʒ ɒv]
负责; 主管
thinking [高考]
美[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] | 英[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
n. 思考;思想 adj. 好思考的;有理性的
domestic [高考]
美[dəˈmestɪk] | 英[dəˈmestɪk]
adj. 家庭的;国内的;驯养的 n. 佣人;家仆
literally [高考]
美[ˈlɪtərəli] | 英[ˈlɪtərəli]
adv. 逐字地;按照字面上地;不夸张地;正确地;简直
where [高考]
美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]
adv. 在哪里;在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方
empire [四级]
美[ˈempaɪər] | 英[ˈempaɪə(r)]
n. 帝国;大企业;帝权
loyalty [四级]
美[ˈlɔɪəlti] | 英[ˈlɔɪəlti]
n. 忠诚;忠心;忠贞
heir [四级]
美[er] | 英[eə(r)]
n. 继承人
generational [四级]
美[ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃənl] | 英[ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃənl]
adj. 世代的
clash [四级]
美[klæʃ] | 英[klæʃ]
n. 冲突;抵触;撞击声 vt. 使…发出撞击声 vi. 引起冲突
resistance to [四级]
美[rɪˈzɪstəns tu] | 英[riˈzistəns tu:]
对 ... 的阻力
existing [四级]
美[ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ] | 英[ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ]
adj. 现存的;现有的
frustrating [四级]
美[ˈfrʌstreɪtɪŋ] | 英[frʌˈstreɪtɪŋ]
adj. 使人沮丧的;令人泄气的
fulfilment [四级]
美[fʊl'fɪlmənt] | 英[fʊl'fɪlmənt]
n. 完成;成就感;实现
thereof [六级]
美[ˌðerˈɑv] | 英[ˌðeərˈɒv]
adv. 由此;其;关于它的
out of [六级]
美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]
prep. 离…一段距离;从…里;离开 ...;出于
chronicle [六级]
美[ˈkrɑːnɪkl] | 英[ˈkrɒnɪkl]
n. 年代记;记录;编年史
lure [六级]
美[lʊr] | 英[lʊə(r)]
vt. 诱惑;吸引 n. 诱惑;吸引力;饵
compelling [专四]
美[kəmˈpelɪŋ] | 英[kəmˈpelɪŋ]
adj. 引人注目的;紧迫的;令人信服的
economies [专四]
美[ɪ'kɒnəmɪz] | 英[iˈkɔnəmiz]
节约;经济(名词economy的复数形式)
grown [专八]
美[groʊn] | 英[grəʊn]
adj. 长大的;成年的;长满某物的
versa [考研]
美[ 'vɝsə] | 英['vɜ:sə]
adj. 反
following [考研]
美[ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ] | 英[ˈfɒləʊɪŋ]
adj. 接着的;下列的 prep. 在 ... 以后 n. 追随者;下列各项
inherited [雅思]
美[ɪn'herɪtɪd] | 英[ɪn'herɪtɪd]
adj. 继承的;遗传的
重点讲解
The lure of the family business: The pros and cons of following in your parents’ footsteps
家族企业的诱惑:追随父母脚步的利与弊
pros and cons 事物的利与弊;支持与反对
【例】We weighed up the pros and cons.
我们权衡了利弊得失。
make for
1. 朝…走/驶去
【例】I think it’s time we made for home.
我想我们该回家了。
2. 促成;使可能
【例】Both teams are on good form, which should make for a great game.
两支球队状态都不错,因此这将是一场精彩的比赛。
tune in 收听(收音机广播节目);收看(电视节目)
【例】Ten million people regularly tune in to see his show.
上千万人定期收看他的表演。
【拓展】tune out 不理睬;思想开小差
【例】When she started talking about her job, he just tuned out.
在她开始谈她的工作的时候,他走神了。
air n. & v.
1. 作名词
(1)空气;空中
【例】Let's go out for some fresh air.
咱们出去呼吸点新鲜空气。
(2)感觉;神态
【例】The room had an air of luxury.
房间具有豪华的气派。
(3)摆架子;装腔作势
【例】I hate the way she puts on airs.
我不喜欢她那装腔作势的样子。
2. 作动词
(1)晾干;通风
【例】The rooms had all been cleaned and aired.
所有的房间都已打扫干净并且通了风。
(2)公开表达
【例】The issues were openly aired and discussed by the group.
这些问题被公开提出并在小组进行了讨论。
(3)播出;播送
【例】The show will be aired next Tuesday night.
这个节目将在下周二夜间播出。
Family business makes for compelling drama. Just ask anyone tuning in to the final season of “Succession”, which has recently begun airing on HBO.
家族企业造就扣人心弦的戏剧故事。只要问问任何一个在看《继承之战》最后一季的人就知道了,这部剧最近开始在HBO播出。
pros and cons 事物的利与弊;支持与反对
【例】We weighed up the pros and cons.
我们权衡了利弊得失。
make for
1. 朝…走/驶去
【例】I think it’s time we made for home.
我想我们该回家了。
2. 促成;使可能
【例】Both teams are on good form, which should make for a great game.
两支球队状态都不错,因此这将是一场精彩的比赛。
tune in 收听(收音机广播节目);收看(电视节目)
【例】Ten million people regularly tune in to see his show.
上千万人定期收看他的表演。
【拓展】tune out 不理睬;思想开小差
【例】When she started talking about her job, he just tuned out.
在她开始谈她的工作的时候,他走神了。
air n. & v.
1. 作名词
(1)空气;空中
【例】Let's go out for some fresh air.
咱们出去呼吸点新鲜空气。
(2)感觉;神态
【例】The room had an air of luxury.
房间具有豪华的气派。
(3)摆架子;装腔作势
【例】I hate the way she puts on airs.
我不喜欢她那装腔作势的样子。
2. 作动词
(1)晾干;通风
【例】The rooms had all been cleaned and aired.
所有的房间都已打扫干净并且通了风。
(2)公开表达
【例】The issues were openly aired and discussed by the group.
这些问题被公开提出并在小组进行了讨论。
(3)播出;播送
【例】The show will be aired next Tuesday night.
这个节目将在下周二夜间播出。
This Bartleby prefers “Buddenbrooks”, Thomas Mann’s chronicle of the decline and collapse of a German merchant family over the course of four generations. That novel, first published in 1901, drew heavily on the author’s personal experience.
本文的巴托比专栏作者更喜欢托马斯·曼的《布登勃洛克一家》,一部关于一个德国商人家族历经四代而衰落崩溃的编年史。这部小说于1901年首次出版,在很大程度上以作者的个人经历为素材。
draw on
1. (时光)渐渐过去,荏苒
【例】Night was drawing on.
夜渐渐深了。
2. 凭借;利用
【例】I'll have to draw on my savings.
我只得动用我的存款了。
The dilemmas of working for an organisation which an immediate family member runs or in which they own the majority sound alarming enough in fiction, never mind real life. And nepotism can be plenty dramatic even without the plot twists.
在一个由直系亲属管理或直系亲属拥有多数股权的组织里工作,这种两难境地在虚构小说中听起来就够令人担忧的了,更不用说在现实生活中。即使没有曲折情节,任人唯亲也可以相当有戏剧性。
never mind
1. (用于安慰)没关系,无所谓
【例】Have you broken it? Never mind, we can buy another one.
你把它打碎了?没关系,我们可以再买一个。
2. 更不用说
【例】I never thought he'd win once, never mind twice!
我还以为他一次都赢不了,更别说两次了!
3. 别想它,先别管
【例】Never mind washing the dishes—I'll do them later.
别管洗碟子的事了,等一下我会洗。
These days it is frowned upon—most publicly listed companies and professional firms ban it. Still, family businesses make up more than 90% of the world’s enterprises. Many of them, quite literally, are mom-and-pop shops.
如今,人们不赞成任人唯亲--大多数上市公司和专业公司都禁止这一行为。尽管如此,家族企业仍占全球企业的90%以上。其中许多都是名副其实的夫妻店。
literally ad.
1. 按字面;字面上
【例】The word ‘planet’ literally means ‘wandering body’.
planet 一词字面上的意思是“游荡的天体”。
2. (强调事实可能令人惊讶)真正地,确实地
【例】There are literally hundreds of prizes to win.
可赢取的奖品真的有好几百份。
Some are large-ish businesses in smallish economies, like the one in Athens where this guest Bartleby, straight out of university, was put in charge of managing relations with institutional investors.
有一些是小型经济体中比较大的企业,比如雅典的一家公司,笔者刚从大学毕业就在这家公司负责管理与机构投资者的关系。
common a. & n.
1. 作形容词
(1)常见的;通常的
【例】Jackson is a common English name.
杰克逊是常见的英语人名。
(2)共有的;共同的
【例】We are working together for a common purpose.
我们在为一个共同的目标一起工作。
(3)普通的;平凡的
【例】In most people's eyes she was nothing more than a common criminal.
在多数人的眼里她只不过是个普通的罪犯。
2. 作名词
(1)公共用地;公地
【例】We went for a walk on the common.
我们在公地上散步。
(2)(学校、大学等的)学生公共食堂
【例】The commons is next to the gym.
学生公共食堂在体育馆的旁边。
clash n. & v.
1. 作名词
(1)(两群人之间的)打架,冲突
【例】Eight people were wounded in a clash with border guards.
在与边防警卫的冲突中有八人受伤。
(2)争论;辩论
【例】The leaders are preparing for a head-on clash at the summit.
首脑们准备在峰会上正面交锋。
(3)差异;分歧
【例】a personality clash with the boss 与老板的个性不合
2. 作动词
(1)打斗;冲突
【例】The two sets of supporters clashed outside the stadium.
双方的支持者在体育场外打了起来。
(2)(公开地)争论,辩论
【例】The leaders and members clashed on the issue.
领袖和下属的成员在这个问题上产生了分歧。
(3)不相容;抵触
【例】Her views and her father's clashed.
她的观点与她父亲的观点相抵触。
A handful are giant global corporations: think of Rupert Murdoch’s media empire (which allegedly inspired “Succession”) or Bernard Arnault’s $460bn luxury conglomerate, LVMH (which, as it happens, has grown by acquiring other family firms, such as Bulgari and Fendi).
还有几家是大型全球性企业:想想鲁伯特·默多克的传媒帝国(据说为《继承之战》提供了灵感),或者贝尔纳·阿尔诺价值4600亿美元的奢侈品集团酩悦·轩尼诗-路易·威登集团(LVMH)(该集团碰巧通过收购宝格丽和芬迪等其他家族企业而逐渐壮大)。
common a. & n.
1. 作形容词
(1)常见的;通常的
【例】Jackson is a common English name.
杰克逊是常见的英语人名。
(2)共有的;共同的
【例】We are working together for a common purpose.
我们在为一个共同的目标一起工作。
(3)普通的;平凡的
【例】In most people's eyes she was nothing more than a common criminal.
在多数人的眼里她只不过是个普通的罪犯。
2. 作名词
(1)公共用地;公地
【例】We went for a walk on the common.
我们在公地上散步。
(2)(学校、大学等的)学生公共食堂
【例】The commons is next to the gym.
学生公共食堂在体育馆的旁边。
clash n. & v.
1. 作名词
(1)(两群人之间的)打架,冲突
【例】Eight people were wounded in a clash with border guards.
在与边防警卫的冲突中有八人受伤。
(2)争论;辩论
【例】The leaders are preparing for a head-on clash at the summit.
首脑们准备在峰会上正面交锋。
(3)差异;分歧
【例】a personality clash with the boss 与老板的个性不合
2. 作动词
(1)打斗;冲突
【例】The two sets of supporters clashed outside the stadium.
双方的支持者在体育场外打了起来。
(2)(公开地)争论,辩论
【例】The leaders and members clashed on the issue.
领袖和下属的成员在这个问题上产生了分歧。
(3)不相容;抵触
【例】Her views and her father's clashed.
她的观点与她父亲的观点相抵触。
Regardless of size, all family companies face common challenges. Filial loyalty and multi-generational thinking can morph into resistance to change, and if a firm has outside shareholders, clash with their interests.
无论规模大小,所有家族企业都面临着共同的挑战。孝顺忠心和多代思维可能会演变成不思变革,如果公司里有家族以外的股东,那么就会出现利益冲突。
common a. & n.
1. 作形容词
(1)常见的;通常的
【例】Jackson is a common English name.
杰克逊是常见的英语人名。
(2)共有的;共同的
【例】We are working together for a common purpose.
我们在为一个共同的目标一起工作。
(3)普通的;平凡的
【例】In most people's eyes she was nothing more than a common criminal.
在多数人的眼里她只不过是个普通的罪犯。
2. 作名词
(1)公共用地;公地
【例】We went for a walk on the common.
我们在公地上散步。
(2)(学校、大学等的)学生公共食堂
【例】The commons is next to the gym.
学生公共食堂在体育馆的旁边。
clash n. & v.
1. 作名词
(1)(两群人之间的)打架,冲突
【例】Eight people were wounded in a clash with border guards.
在与边防警卫的冲突中有八人受伤。
(2)争论;辩论
【例】The leaders are preparing for a head-on clash at the summit.
首脑们准备在峰会上正面交锋。
(3)差异;分歧
【例】a personality clash with the boss 与老板的个性不合
2. 作动词
(1)打斗;冲突
【例】The two sets of supporters clashed outside the stadium.
双方的支持者在体育场外打了起来。
(2)(公开地)争论,辩论
【例】The leaders and members clashed on the issue.
领袖和下属的成员在这个问题上产生了分歧。
(3)不相容;抵触
【例】Her views and her father's clashed.
她的观点与她父亲的观点相抵触。
The process of generational transition can be particularly draining and frustrating to the staff members who are not family, raising uncomfortable questions about social mobility, or the lack thereof.
对于家族以外的员工来说,代际过渡的过程可能尤其令人感到精疲力竭和沮丧,并引发关于社会流动性或者说是缺乏社会流动性的令人不安的问题。
illuminate v.
1. 照明;照亮
【例】The earth is illuminated by the sun.
太阳照亮地球。
2. 阐明;解释
【例】These confessions serve to illuminate his argument.
这些告白用以阐明他的观点。
For the corporate heir, meeting family expectations and continuing a legacy while achieving personal fulfilment can generate a mass of contradictions, as Mann splendidly illuminated.
对于企业继承人来说,在实现个人成就的同时满足家族期望和延续遗产可能会引发大量矛盾,正如托马斯·曼精彩描述的那样。
illuminate v.
1. 照明;照亮
【例】The earth is illuminated by the sun.
太阳照亮地球。
2. 阐明;解释
【例】These confessions serve to illuminate his argument.
这些告白用以阐明他的观点。
Even in companies that insist they are meritocratic, no amount of skill will convince all your colleagues that you have actually earned your job. Any pre-existing domestic frictions might make their way into the business.
即使在坚称任人唯贤的公司里,有再多的技能也无法让你的所有同事相信,你是靠努力赢得了这份工作。任何先前存在的家庭内部摩擦都可能进入公司里。
breed v. & n.
1. 作动词
(1)饲养,培育(动植物)
【例】These dogs were originally bred in Scotland to round up sheep.
这些狗最初在苏格兰是为了圈羊而饲养的。
(2)引起,招致
【例】 Poor living conditions breed violence and despair.
贫困的生活条件滋生暴力和绝望情绪。
2. 作名词
(1)品种(尤指人工培育的狗、猫或牲畜)
【例】a breed of cattle/sheep某个品种的牛/羊
(2)(人的)类型,种类
【例】He represents a new breed of politician.
他代表着新一类的政治家。
will v. & n.
1. 作动词
(1)想要;愿意
【例】Call it what you will, it's still a problem.
不管怎么说,这仍然是个问题。
(2)决心;决意
【例】As a child he had thought he could fly, if he willed it enough.
他小时候曾经以为,只要有足够决心,想要飞就能飞起来。
(3)将要(表将来)
【例】How long will you be staying in Paris?
你将在巴黎待多久?
2. 作名词
(1)意志;自制力
【例】Her decision to continue shows great strength of will.
她决心坚持下去,显示出了很大的意志力。
(2)意愿;心愿
【例】They governed according to the will of the people.
他们按照民意施政。
(3)遗嘱
【例】My father left me the house in his will.
我父亲在遗嘱中把这所房子遗赠给了我。
And vice versa: disagreements over the business can breed feuds, often between siblings. In India, the bitter dispute between Mukesh and Anil Ambani over their inherited empire, Reliance Industries, lasted for years after their father died without leaving a will.
反之亦然:在公司业务上的分歧也可能会产生不睦,通常是在兄弟姐妹之间。在印度,穆克什和阿尼尔·安巴尼对他们继承的商业帝国“信实工业”产生了激烈争执,他们的父亲没有留下遗嘱就去世了,争执在父亲去世多年后仍然继续。
breed v. & n.
1. 作动词
(1)饲养,培育(动植物)
【例】These dogs were originally bred in Scotland to round up sheep.
这些狗最初在苏格兰是为了圈羊而饲养的。
(2)引起,招致
【例】 Poor living conditions breed violence and despair.
贫困的生活条件滋生暴力和绝望情绪。
2. 作名词
(1)品种(尤指人工培育的狗、猫或牲畜)
【例】a breed of cattle/sheep某个品种的牛/羊
(2)(人的)类型,种类
【例】He represents a new breed of politician.
他代表着新一类的政治家。
will v. & n.
1. 作动词
(1)想要;愿意
【例】Call it what you will, it's still a problem.
不管怎么说,这仍然是个问题。
(2)决心;决意
【例】As a child he had thought he could fly, if he willed it enough.
他小时候曾经以为,只要有足够决心,想要飞就能飞起来。
(3)将要(表将来)
【例】How long will you be staying in Paris?
你将在巴黎待多久?
2. 作名词
(1)意志;自制力
【例】Her decision to continue shows great strength of will.
她决心坚持下去,显示出了很大的意志力。
(2)意愿;心愿
【例】They governed according to the will of the people.
他们按照民意施政。
(3)遗嘱
【例】My father left me the house in his will.
我父亲在遗嘱中把这所房子遗赠给了我。
课后练习
What can be learned about nepotism?
A. It can cause dilemmas in family businesses.
B. It often leads to the failure of family businesses.
C. It is very rare now in the business world.
D. It still exists in publicly listed companies.
The majority of family businesses are ____.
A. multinational enterprises
B. small companies run by a family
C. large companies in small countries
D. global luxury conglomerates
One of the challenges faced by family companies is ____.
A. the difficulty of funding
B. a lack of innovation
C. unclear ownership
D. the loss of talent
The corporate heir may have the problem of ____.
A. balancing the family expectation and personal aspiration
B. obtaining adequate skills to manage the company
C. separating family life from the responsibilities of work
D. putting the siblings in the right positions in the company