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推翻罗伊诉韦德案的危害(上)
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周一，最高法院的一份意见书草案遭泄露，引起了轩然大波。
双语精读
On Monday a Supreme Court draft opinion was leaked, causing shockwaves. The opinion-if it's officially adopted-will overturn Roe v. Wade, the landmark 1973 ruling that guarantees the right to an abortion.
周一，最高法院的一份意见书草案遭泄露，引起了轩然大波。如果该意见被正式采纳，将推翻1973年具有里程碑意义的罗伊诉韦德案的裁决，该裁决保障了堕胎权。
Even though experts were expecting this outcome, the leaked opinion still came as something of a surprise.
尽管专家们预料到了这一结果，但泄露的意见仍令人有些意外。
"The callousness of the decision is kind of shocking, too..., you know, the idea that the Constitution doesn't protect people's decision-making around something so fundamental as childbearing, when it has such huge impacts on their health and their ability to support themselves and their children."
"这一决定的冷酷无情着实让人震惊......宪法没有保护人们在生育这类最基本的事情上的决策，而这对人们的健康、养活自己和孩子的能力有巨大的影响。"
That's Diana Greene Foster, a professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at the University of California, San Francisco.
说话人是加州大学旧金山分校的妇产科和生殖科学教授戴安娜·格林·福斯特。
She led the Turnaway Study, a longitudinal study of nearly 1,000 women seeking abortions who either got them or were "turned away" because they were just past the gestational cutoff.
她领导的"离开研究"是一项针对近1000名寻求堕胎的女性进行的纵向研究，这些女性要么接受了堕胎，要么因为刚刚过了妊娠期限制而"被拒绝"堕胎。
Contrary to what some antiabortion activists say, getting an abortion did not harm women. In fact, women who were unable to access abortions were the ones who saw negative impacts, the study found.
与一些反堕胎活动人士所说的相反，堕胎并不会伤害女性。事实上，研究发现，那些无法堕胎的女性才是受到负面影响的人。
"What we see is very large health burdens, greater health risks for people who carry pregnancies to term. That's consistent with the medical literature. We see greater complications from childbirth than from abortion, and in fact, two women died after giving birth."
"我们看到的是巨大的健康负担，（被迫）足月分娩的人面临更大的健康风险。这与医学文献保持一致。我们看到分娩带来的并发症比堕胎更严重，事实上，（我们的受访者中）有两名妇女在分娩后死亡。"
But the impacts were not limited to health. Being denied an abortion also had long-lasting negative effects on families' finances.
但影响不仅限于健康方面，被拒绝堕胎对家庭经济状况也有长期的负面影响。
"After one group gave birth, the people who received abortions and were denied abortions there, you can see in their credit records, you can see in their public financial records, that one group experienced greater bankruptcies, evictions, greater debt than other people who received their wanted abortion."
"在接受了堕胎和被拒绝堕胎的受访者中，你可以从他们的信用记录和公共财务记录看出，与其他如愿堕胎的女性相比，被拒绝堕胎的女性在生产后遭受了更多破产、驱逐和债务问题。"
Not being able to access an abortion and being forced to carry a pregnancy to term resulted in worse outcomes for these women. I should note that the Turnaway Study specifically involved women, but of course not all people who get pregnant or seek abortions are women.
对这些妇女来说，无法堕胎和被迫怀孕导致了更糟糕的结果。我应该指出的是，Turnaway研究特别关注女性群体，但当然不是所有怀孕或寻求堕胎的人都是女性。
And it's not as though people who get abortions are fundamentally different from those who want kids. In fact, many of the women who sought abortions later had children when they were ready, and those children fared better and were more secure, Foster and her colleagues found.
并不是说堕胎的人和想要孩子的人有本质上的不同。事实上，福斯特和她的同事们发现，许多寻求堕胎的女性在准备好之后重新要了孩子，而这些孩子的情况更好，也更有安全感。
"When they go on and get an abortion and they go on and have a baby, we see those babies do better than the children born because their mom was denied an abortion in terms of the mom's emotional bond with the child, the kids' economic well-being--the chance that they live in a house with just enough money to pay for food and health."
"我们发现，当这些女性接受堕胎过后再重新孕育孩子时，和那些由于母亲被拒绝堕胎而出生的孩子相比，她们的孩子在母子之间的情感联系和孩子的经济福祉方面表现更好，也更可能有拥有稳定居所、‘医食无忧’。"
词汇预习
economic [高考]
美[ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪk] | 英[ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk]
adj. 经济的，经济学的；有利可图的；节约的
financial [高考]
美[faɪˈnænʃl] | 英[faɪˈnænʃl]
adj. 金融的；财政的；[非正式]有钱的
emotional [高考]
美[ɪˈmoʊʃənl] | 英[ɪˈməʊʃənl]
adj. 感情的；情绪的
officially [高考]
美[əˈfɪʃəli] | 英[əˈfɪʃəli]
adv. 官方地；正式地；公务上；职务上
well-being [高考]
美[ˈwel biːɪŋ] | 英[ˈwel biːɪŋ]
n. 康乐；安宁
landmark [高考]
美[ˈlændmɑːrk] | 英[ˈlændmɑːk]
n. 陆标；地界标；里程碑；划时代的事
access [高考]
美[ˈækses] | 英[ˈækses]
n.入口，通道；获得的机会，使用权；（对计算机存储器的）访问，存取；（情感）爆发，发作；探视权 v. 接近，进入；获取，访问（计算机信息） adj.[美]（电视节目或时间等）对外公开的
outcome [高考]
美[ˈaʊtkʌm] | 英[ˈaʊtkʌm]
n. 结果，成果，效果，结局
secure [高考]
美[sɪˈkjʊr] | 英[sɪˈkjʊə(r)]
adj. 安全的；牢靠的；稳妥的 vt. 使安全；获得；固定
bond [高考]
美[bɑːnd] | 英[bɒnd]
n. 债券；结合；协定；联系；情谊；黏合剂 vt. 使结合；为 ... 作保 vi. 连结；粘合
draft [高考]
美[dræft] | 英[drɑːft]
n. 草稿；草图；汇票；征兵 vt. 起草；征兵；选秀 adj. 酝酿中的
debt [高考]
美[det] | 英[det]
n. 债务；恩情；负债状态；义务；罪
fundamental [高考]
美[ˌfʌndəˈmentl] | 英[ˌfʌndəˈmentl]
adj. 基本的；根本的；重要的 n. 基础；基本原理
pregnant [高考]
美[ˈpreɡnənt] | 英[ˈpreɡnənt]
adj. 怀孕的；充满的；意味深长的
consistent [高考]
美[kənˈsɪstənt] | 英[kənˈsɪstənt]
adj. 始终如一的；持续的；一致的
abortion [高考]
美[əˈbɔːrʃn] | 英[əˈbɔːʃn]
n. 流产；堕胎；（计划等）失败
as though [高考]
美[æz ðoʊ] | 英[æz ðəʊ]
conj. 仿佛；好像
in terms of [高考]
美[ɪn tɜːrmz əv] | 英[ɪn tɜːmz əv]
就 ... 而言；在 ... 方面
limited [高考]
美[ˈlɪmɪtɪd] | 英[ˈlɪmɪtɪd]
adj. 有限的；被限制的
decision-making [四级]
美[dɪ'sɪʒn 'meɪkɪŋ] | 英[dɪ'sɪʒn 'meɪkɪŋ]
n. 决策 adj. 决策的
fundamentally [四级]
美[ˌfʌndəˈmentəli] | 英[ˌfʌndəˈmentəli]
adv. 从根本上；基本地
reproductive [四级]
美[ˌriprəˈdʌktɪv] | 英[ˌri:prəˈdʌktɪv]
adj. 复制的；生殖的 n. (尤指群居昆虫的)母体
live in [四级]
美[liv ɪn] | 英[liv in]
v. 住进
experienced [四级]
美[ɪkˈspɪriənst] | 英[ɪkˈspɪəriənst]
adj. 有经验的
involved [四级]
美[ɪnˈvɑlvd] | 英[ɪnˈvɒlvd]
adj. 涉及的；牵连的；复杂的；感情投入的；有密切关系的
overturn [六级]
美[ˌoʊvərˈtɜːrn] | 英[ˌəʊvəˈtɜːn]
v. 翻倒；推翻；颠覆 n. 倾覆；打翻
kind of [六级]
美[kaɪnd ʌv] | 英[kaind ɔv]
adv. 有点儿
right to [六级]
美 | 英
...的权力；对某事物的权利
not as [六级]
美 | 英
不如...那样
something of [六级]
美['sʌmθɪŋ əv] | 英['sʌmθɪŋ əv]
有几分； 在某种程度上
consistent with [六级]
美[kənˈsɪstənt wɪð] | 英[kənˈsistənt wið]
符合； 与 ... 一致
saw [专八]
美[sɔː] | 英[sɔː]
n. 锯；谚语，格言 v. 锯，用锯割开；看见，明白（see的过去式）
long-lasting [考研]
美[lɔŋ 'læstɪŋ] | 英[lɒŋ 'lɑ:stɪŋ]
adj. 持续时间长的
childbearing [考研]
美[ˈtʃaɪldberɪŋ] | 英[ˈtʃaɪldbeərɪŋ]
n. 分娩 adj. 分娩的
childbirth [考研]
美[ˈtʃaɪldbɜrθ] | 英[ˈtʃaɪldbɜ:θ]
n. 分娩
longitudinal [雅思]
美[ˌlɑːndʒəˈtuːdnl] | 英[ˌlɒŋɡɪˈtjuːdɪnl]
adj. 经线的；纵向的；长久的
terms [雅思]
美[tɜːrmz] | 英[tɜːmz]
n. 条件；条款；关系；措辞
重点讲解
On Monday a Supreme Court draft opinion was leaked, causing shockwaves. The opinion—if it's officially adopted—will overturn Roe v. Wade, the landmark 1973 ruling that guarantees the right to an abortion.
周一，最高法院的一份意见书草案遭泄露，引起了轩然大波。如果该意见被正式采纳，将推翻1973年具有里程碑意义的罗伊诉韦德案的裁决，该裁决保障了堕胎权。
shockwave/shock wave n.
1. 冲击波，震荡波
【例】The shock waves yesterday were felt from Las Vegas to San Diego.
昨天从拉斯韦加斯到圣地亚哥都能感觉到冲击波。
2. 强烈反应
【例】The crime sent shock waves throughout the country.
这起犯罪在全国引起强烈反应。
landmark n.
1. 地标
【例】Marble Arch is a famous London landmark.
大理石拱门是伦敦著名的标志性建筑。
2. （标志重要阶段的）里程碑
（英文释义：You can refer to an important stage in the development of something as a landmark.）
【例】The ceasefire was seen as a major landmark in the fight against terrorism.
停火协定被看作是与恐怖主义斗争的重要里程碑。
Even though experts were expecting this outcome, the leaked opinion still came as something of a surprise.
尽管专家们预料到了这一结果，但泄露的意见仍令人有些意外。
shockwave/shock wave n.
1. 冲击波，震荡波
【例】The shock waves yesterday were felt from Las Vegas to San Diego.
昨天从拉斯韦加斯到圣地亚哥都能感觉到冲击波。
2. 强烈反应
【例】The crime sent shock waves throughout the country.
这起犯罪在全国引起强烈反应。
landmark n.
1. 地标
【例】Marble Arch is a famous London landmark.
大理石拱门是伦敦著名的标志性建筑。
2. （标志重要阶段的）里程碑
（英文释义：You can refer to an important stage in the development of something as a landmark.）
【例】The ceasefire was seen as a major landmark in the fight against terrorism.
停火协定被看作是与恐怖主义斗争的重要里程碑。
"The callousness of the decision is kind of shocking, too..., you know, the idea that the Constitution doesn't protect people's decision-making around something so fundamental as childbearing, when it has such huge impacts on their health and their ability to support themselves and their children."
"这一决定的冷酷无情着实让人震惊......宪法没有保护人们在生育这类最基本的事情上的决策，而这对人们的健康、养活自己和孩子的能力有巨大的影响。"
callousness n. 麻木不仁，铁石心肠
【例】To many Chinese commentators, it has revealed a widespread callousness fostered by an amoral pursuit of wealth.
对许多中国评论员说，它体现了一个不顾道德的追求财富下的广泛的麻木不仁。
【拓展】callous adj. 冷酷无情的，冷漠的
【例】a callous killer 冷血杀手
have an impact on 对...有影响
【例】Don't worry, your grade on that assignment has very little impact upon your overall grade for the semester.
别担心，你的作业成绩对你整个学期的整体成绩影响很小。
That's Diana Greene Foster, a professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences at the University of California, San Francisco.
说话人是加州大学旧金山分校的妇产科和生殖科学教授戴安娜·格林·福斯特。
callousness n. 麻木不仁，铁石心肠
【例】To many Chinese commentators, it has revealed a widespread callousness fostered by an amoral pursuit of wealth.
对许多中国评论员说，它体现了一个不顾道德的追求财富下的广泛的麻木不仁。
【拓展】callous adj. 冷酷无情的，冷漠的
【例】a callous killer 冷血杀手
have an impact on 对...有影响
【例】Don't worry, your grade on that assignment has very little impact upon your overall grade for the semester.
别担心，你的作业成绩对你整个学期的整体成绩影响很小。
She led the Turnaway Study, a longitudinal study of nearly 1,000 women seeking abortions who either got them or were "turned away" because they were just past the gestational cutoff.
她领导的"离开研究"是一项针对近1000名寻求堕胎的女性进行的纵向研究，这些女性要么接受了堕胎，要么因为刚刚过了妊娠期限制而"被拒绝"堕胎。
cutoff n.
1. 截点
（英文释义：A cutoff or a cutoff point is the level or limit at which you decide that something should stop happening.）
【例】The cutoff date for registering is yet to be announced.
注册的截止日期尚未公布。
2. 终止（供应或服务）
（英文释义：The cutoff of a supply or service is the complete stopping of the supply or service.）
【例】A total cutoff of supplies would cripple the country's economy.
全面终止供给将使该国经济瘫痪。
Contrary**** to**** what**** some**** antiabortion**** activists say,**** getting an**** abortion**** did not harm**** women.**** In**** fact****,**** women who were**** unable**** to**** access**** abortions were**** the ones**** who saw negative**** impacts,**** the study found.****
与一些反堕胎活动人士所说的相反，堕胎并不会伤害女性。事实上，研究发现，那些无法堕胎的女性才是受到负面影响的人。
"What we**** see is**** very**** large health**** burdens,**** greater health**** risks for people**** who carry pregnancies to**** term****.**** That****'s consistent**** with**** the medical literature****.**** We**** see greater complications from**** childbirth**** than**** from**** abortion****,**** and in**** fact****,**** two women died**** after giving**** birth."
"我们看到的是巨大的健康负担，（被迫）足月分娩的人面临更大的健康风险。这与医学文献保持一致。我们看到分娩带来的并发症比堕胎更严重，事实上，（我们的受访者中）有两名妇女在分娩后死亡。"
But the impacts were not limited to health. Being denied an abortion also had long-lasting negative effects on families' finances.
但影响不仅限于健康方面，被拒绝堕胎对家庭经济状况也有长期的负面影响。
bankruptcy n. 破产，倒闭
【搭配】file for bankruptcy 提交破产申请
【例】The company filed for bankruptcy in 2003.
这家公司于2003年提交了破产申请。
【拓展】moral bankruptcy 道德沦丧
"After one group gave birth, the people who received abortions and were denied abortions there, you can see in their credit records, you can see in their public financial records, that one group experienced greater bankruptcies, evictions, greater debt than other people who received their wanted abortion."
"在接受了堕胎和被拒绝堕胎的受访者中，你可以从他们的信用记录和公共财务记录看出，与其他如愿堕胎的女性相比，被拒绝堕胎的女性在生产后遭受了更多破产、驱逐和债务问题。"
bankruptcy n. 破产，倒闭
【搭配】file for bankruptcy 提交破产申请
【例】The company filed for bankruptcy in 2003.
这家公司于2003年提交了破产申请。
【拓展】moral bankruptcy 道德沦丧
Not being able to access an abortion and being forced to carry a pregnancy to term resulted in worse outcomes for these women. I should note that the Turnaway Study specifically involved women, but of course not all people who get pregnant or seek abortions are women.
对这些妇女来说，无法堕胎和被迫怀孕导致了更糟糕的结果。我应该指出的是，Turnaway研究特别关注女性群体，但当然不是所有怀孕或寻求堕胎的人都是女性。
fare n. & v.
1. 作名词，车费；船费
【例】Children travel (at) half fare.
儿童交通费减半。
2. 作动词，成功（或不成功、更好等）
【例】It is unlikely that the marine industry will fare any better in September.
海运业不大可能在9月份有所好转。
And it's not as though people who get abortions are fundamentally different from those who want kids. In fact, many of the women who sought abortions later had children when they were ready, and those children fared better and were more secure, Foster and her colleagues found.
并不是说堕胎的人和想要孩子的人有本质上的不同。事实上，福斯特和她的同事们发现，许多寻求堕胎的女性在准备好之后重新要了孩子，而这些孩子的情况更好，也更有安全感。
fare n. & v.
1. 作名词，车费；船费
【例】Children travel (at) half fare.
儿童交通费减半。
2. 作动词，成功（或不成功、更好等）
【例】It is unlikely that the marine industry will fare any better in September.
海运业不大可能在9月份有所好转。
"When they**** go**** on**** and get an**** abortion**** and they**** go**** on**** and have**** a baby****,**** we**** see those babies**** do**** better**** than**** the children**** born**** because their mom was denied**** an**** abortion**** in**** terms of**** the mom's emotional bond**** with**** the child,**** the kids****'**** economic**** well****-being--the**** chance**** that**** they**** live**** in**** a house with**** just**** enough**** money to**** pay for food**** and health****."
"我们发现，当这些女性接受堕胎过后再重新孕育孩子时，和那些由于母亲被拒绝堕胎而出生的孩子相比，她们的孩子在母子之间的情感联系和孩子的经济福祉方面表现更好，也更可能有拥有稳定居所、‘医食无忧’。"
课后练习
Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court’s draft opinion?
A. People were shocked by the insecure keeping of it.
B. It intended to guarantee the access to an abortion.
C. It was not expected to be officially adopted.
D. It would restrict people’s freedom of childbearing.
What did the Turnaway study find?
A. Some women were too ashamed to seek abortion.
B. Getting an abortion had negative impacts on health.
C. Denying women access to abortion was harmful.
D. Women often regretted having an abortion.
Women who carry pregnancies to term ____.
A. are more likely to give birth to healthy babies
B. find it difficult to cope with mental pressures
C. tend to stay in a better physical condition
D. may be faced with greater health risks
One of the impacts of denying women’s access to abortion is that they might face ____.
A. heavier financial burden
B. more frequent family disputes
C. greater job insecurity
D. worse interpersonal relationships
What may happen when a woman has a baby after getting an abortion?
A. She may be unwilling to give birth to another baby.
B. She may be able to provide better care for the baby.
C. She may have a less close relationship with the baby.
D. She may find it challenging to bring up a baby.