推翻罗伊诉韦德案的危害(下)

如果意见草稿成为正式草案，它将立即为各州通过法律限制或彻底禁止堕胎打开大门。

双语精读

If the draft opinion becomes official, it will immediately open the door for states to pass laws to restrict or ban abortion outright. And in fact, 13 states already have so-called trigger laws that will take effect as soon as Roe is struck down.

如果意见草稿成为正式草案，它将立即为各州通过法律限制或彻底禁止堕胎打开大门。事实上，13个州已经有所谓的触发法，一旦罗伊案被推翻，这些法律就会生效。

To get an abortion, pregnant people in these states will then have to travel out of state if they can afford to do so--or they will not be able to get one. And the consequences for those who can't get the care they want will be serious.

如果负担得起的话，这些州的孕妇要想堕胎就必须离开该州，否则她们就将被限制堕胎。而对于那些得不到所需护理的孕妇来说，后果将会十分严重。

"For people who are unable to get their abortion because the Supreme Court just lets states ban abortions, we're going to see worse physical health, greater economic hardship, lower achievement of aspirational plans, kids raised in more precarious economic circumstances, and people's lives upended."

"对于那些因为最高法院禁止各州堕胎而无法堕胎的女性来说，我们会看到她们的身体健康状态每况愈下、经济问题愈发严重、生活愿望持续低迷、孩子成长的经济环境更加动荡，人们的生活将会发生翻天覆地的变化。"

Another effect of overturning Roe is that fewer medical providers will be trained in providing abortions.

推翻罗伊案的另一个影响是，越来越少的医疗提供者能够接受提供堕胎的培训。

In a study published in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology in April, researchers found that about 45% of ob-gyn residency programs are in states that are certain or likely to ban abortion if the Supreme Court strikes down Roe.

在四月份发表在《妇产科》杂志上的一项研究中研究人员发现，如果最高法院驳回罗伊案的判决，大约45%的妇产科住院医师培训项目位于确定或可能禁止堕胎的州。

This means a similar percentage of ob-gyn residents wouldn't be able to access abortion training. Study co-author Jody Steinauer is a professor at U.C.S.F. and director of the Kenneth J. Ryan Residency Training Program in Abortion and Family Planning.

这意味着，同样比例的妇产科住院医生将无法接受堕胎培训。该研究的合著者乔迪·施泰纳尔是加州大学旧金山分校的教授，也是肯尼斯·瑞安堕胎与计划生育住院医师培训项目的主任。

"Taking a step back, medical students and nursing students have to be able to counsel people about their options for pregnancy, it's going to be really important for all doctors, nurses and really any health care providers to be able to facilitate very quick referrals for people.

"退一步讲，医学生和护理专业的学生必须能够就怀孕的选择向人们提供咨询，对所有医生、护士和真正的医疗保健提供者来说，能够为人们提供非常快速的转诊将是非常重要的。

So if someone's in a state with a really early abortion gestational limit, and they want abortion, they're gonna have to be referred really fast." And these laws don't just matter for abortion--they also affect training for other skills, including managing miscarriages.

因此，如果某人所在的州流产妊娠限制很早，他们想要堕胎，就必须尽快被转诊接受治疗。"这些法律不仅对堕胎有影响，它们还影响到其他技能的培训，包括管理流产等。

According to Steinauer, national and international ob-gyn accreditation organizations require that providers know how to empty a uterus, and even if an individual doctor objects to abortion, they need to be able to do one in an emergency to save the patient's life.

根据施泰纳尔的说法，国内和国际妇产科认证组织要求提供者知道如何排空子宫，即使个别医生反对堕胎，他们也需要能够在紧急情况下进行堕胎来挽救患者性命。

And this could be really important in states that are passing laws that restrict abortions even in the most extreme circumstances, such as rape or incest. "I'm really hopeful that what will happen is: all of these trigger laws that go into place, I'm hoping that they will not be able to be enforced without exceptions.

这在这些州中非常重要，这些州通过法律限制堕胎，即使是在最极端的情况下，如强奸或乱伦。我真的希望将会发生的事情是：所有这些触发法律的实施不会毫无例外地强制执行。

If a state, let's say, bans abortions except in very specific circumstances around saving the life of the pregnant person or maybe saving grave health consequences, then a lot of the clinics that currently provide care for people close, then we're really going to need the hospitals and the practicing clinicians who do gynecology to basically step up to provide the legal abortions."

比如说，如果一个州禁止堕胎，除非是在非常特殊的情况下，如挽救孕妇的生命，或者挽救可能造成严重的健康后果，很多为人们提供护理的诊所就会关闭，到时候我们就会真的需要医院和妇科执业临床医生能够站出来提供合法堕胎服务。"

词汇预习

individual [高考]
美[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] | 英[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]
adj. 单独的；一个人的；独有的 n. 个人；个体
economic [高考]
美[ˌiːkəˈnɑːmɪk] | 英[ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk]
adj. 经济的，经济学的；有利可图的；节约的
trigger [高考]
美[ˈtrɪɡər] | 英[ˈtrɪɡə(r)]
v. 使发生；触发；使运行 n. 扳机；起因
saving [高考]
美[ˈseɪvɪŋ] | 英[ˈseɪvɪŋ]
n. 节约；挽救 prep. 除 ... 之外 conj. 除了；除去
journal [高考]
美[ˈdʒɜːrnl] | 英[ˈdʒɜːnl]
n. 日志；日记；期刊
currently [高考]
美[ˈkɜːrəntli] | 英[ˈkʌrəntli]
adv. 现在；通常；当前
basically [高考]
美[ˈbeɪsɪkli] | 英[ˈbeɪsɪkli]
adv. 基本上；主要地
restrict [高考]
美[rɪˈstrɪkt] | 英[rɪˈstrɪkt]
vt. 限制；约束
access [高考]
美[ˈækses] | 英[ˈækses]
n.入口，通道；获得的机会，使用权；（对计算机存储器的）访问，存取；（情感）爆发，发作；探视权 v. 接近，进入；获取，访问（计算机信息） adj.[美]（电视节目或时间等）对外公开的
ban [高考]
美[bæn] | 英[bæn]
v. 禁止；剥夺权利 n. 禁令；禁止
percentage [高考]
美[pərˈsentɪdʒ] | 英[pəˈsentɪdʒ]
n. 百分比，百分率；部分，比例；利润分成，提成；[非正式]利益，好处
emergency [高考]
美[iˈmɜːrdʒənsi] | 英[iˈmɜːdʒənsi]
n. 突发事件；紧急状态 adj. 应急的；紧急的；备用的
extreme [高考]
美[ɪkˈstriːm] | 英[ɪkˈstriːm]
adj. 极度的；极端的 n. 极端；极限
draft [高考]
美[dræft] | 英[drɑːft]
n. 草稿；草图；汇票；征兵 vt. 起草；征兵；选秀 adj. 酝酿中的
legal [高考]
美[ˈliːɡl] | 英[ˈliːɡl]
adj. 法定的；法律的；合法的
hardship [高考]
美[ˈhɑːrdʃɪp] | 英[ˈhɑːdʃɪp]
n. 艰难；困苦
pregnant [高考]
美[ˈpreɡnənt] | 英[ˈpreɡnənt]
adj. 怀孕的；充满的；意味深长的
abortion [高考]
美[əˈbɔːrʃn] | 英[əˈbɔːʃn]
n. 流产；堕胎；（计划等）失败
means [高考]
美[miːnz] | 英[miːnz]
n. 方法；手段；收入；财产 v. 意思是，意味（动词mean的第三人称单数）
lower [高考]
美[ˈloʊər] | 英[ˈləʊə(r)]
adj. 低的；下级的；下层的 v. 降低；减弱；跌落
facilitate [高考]
美[fəˈsɪlɪteɪt] | 英[fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]
vt. 促进；帮助；使 ... 容易
grave [高考]
美[ɡreɪv , ɡrɑːv] | 英[ɡreɪv , ɡrɑːv]
n. 墓穴，坟墓；死亡 adj. 重大的；严肃的；黯淡的 vt. 雕刻；铭记
rape [高考]
美[reɪp] | 英[reɪp]
n. 强奸；蹂躏；破坏 v. 强奸；掠夺；蹂躏
so-called [四级]
美[ˌsoʊ ˈkɔːld] | 英[ˌsəʊ ˈkɔːld]
adj. [贬]号称的；所谓的
counsel [四级]
美[ˈkaʊnsl] | 英[ˈkaʊnsl]
n. 劝告；建议；诉讼律师 v. 提供建议；劝告
accreditation [四级]
美[ əˌkredɪˈteɪʃn] | 英[əˌkredɪˈteɪʃn]
n. 认证；委派
up to [四级]
美[ʌp tu] | 英[ʌp tu]
胜任；直到；多达；该由 ... 决定
out of [六级]
美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]
prep. 离…一段距离；从…里；离开 ...；出于
outright [专八]
美[ˈaʊtraɪt] | 英[ˈaʊtraɪt]
adj. 直率的；完全的；彻底的 adv. 率直地；立刻地；彻底地
precarious [专八]
美[prɪˈkeriəs] | 英[prɪˈkeəriəs]
adj. 不稳定的；不安全的
take effect [考研]
美[teɪk ɪ'fekt] | 英[teɪk ɪ'fekt]
生效；起作用
residency [托福]
美[ˈrɛzɪdənsi, -ˌdɛn-] | 英[ˈrezɪdənsi]
n. 居住；住所；管辖区
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上

重点讲解

如果意见草稿成为正式草案，它将立即为各州通过法律限制或彻底禁止堕胎打开大门。事实上，13个州已经有所谓的触发法，一旦罗伊案被推翻，这些法律就会生效。

take effect 生效，起作用

【例】The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year.

交通法要到年底才生效。

strike down

1. （尤指因疾病）使丧命; 摧垮

【例】Frank had been struck down by a massive heart attack.

弗兰克被严重的心脏病夺去了生命。

2. 取消，宣布法律无效

（英文释义：annual, nullify, especially to declare (a law) illegal and unenforceable）

【例】The Supreme Court struck down a Massachusetts law that barred protests within 35 feet of abortion clinics.

美国联邦最高法院宣布麻萨诸塞州的一项法律无效，该法律规定，堕胎诊所周围35英尺内禁止示威抗议。

如果负担得起的话，这些州的孕妇要想堕胎就必须离开该州，否则她们就将被限制堕胎。而对于那些得不到所需护理的孕妇来说，后果将会十分严重。

aspirational adj.

1. 有雄心壮志的

【例】What Africa needs, he reckons, is a younger, more urban, more aspirational image.

他认为非洲需要的是一个更年轻，更城市化，更加充满抱负的形象。

2. 梦寐以求的

【例】Fine music, particularly opera, has become aspirational, like fine wine or foreign travel.

优雅的音乐，尤其是歌剧，已像美酒或海外旅游一样被人追求。

"For people who are unable to get their abortion because the Supreme Court just lets states ban abortions, we're going to see worse physical health, greater economic hardship, lower achievement of aspirational plans, kids raised in more precarious economic circumstances, and people's lives upended."

"对于那些因为最高法院禁止各州堕胎而无法堕胎的女性来说，我们会看到她们的身体健康状态每况愈下、经济问题愈发严重、生活愿望持续低迷、孩子成长的经济环境更加动荡，人们的生活将会发生翻天覆地的变化。"

aspirational adj.

1. 有雄心壮志的

【例】What Africa needs, he reckons, is a younger, more urban, more aspirational image.

他认为非洲需要的是一个更年轻，更城市化，更加充满抱负的形象。

2. 梦寐以求的

【例】Fine music, particularly opera, has become aspirational, like fine wine or foreign travel.

优雅的音乐，尤其是歌剧，已像美酒或海外旅游一样被人追求。

Another effect of overturning Roe is that fewer medical providers will be trained in providing abortions.

推翻罗伊案的另一个影响是，越来越少的医疗提供者能够接受提供堕胎的培训。

residency n.

1. 住处；居住权

【例】He applied for Canadian residency.

他申请了在加拿大的居住权。

2. （医生的）实习期

（英文释义：A doctor’s residency is the period of specialized training in a hospital that he or she receives after completing an internship.）

【例】He completed his paediatric residency at Stanford University Hospital.

他在斯坦福大学附属医院完成了儿科实习。

【拓展】resident n.

1. 居民

【例】There were confrontations between local residents and the police.

当地居民和警察之间有过冲突。

2. 住院医师

【例】Many resident doctors complain that they are assigned too many duties that are usually not performed by physicians.

很多住院医师抱怨他们被指派了太多通常不由内科医生完成的职责。

In a study published in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology in April, researchers found that about 45% of ob-gyn residency programs are in states that are certain or likely to ban abortion if the Supreme Court strikes down Roe.

在四月份发表在《妇产科》杂志上的一项研究中研究人员发现，如果最高法院驳回罗伊案的判决，大约45%的妇产科住院医师培训项目位于确定或可能禁止堕胎的州。

residency n.

1. 住处；居住权

【例】He applied for Canadian residency.

他申请了在加拿大的居住权。

2. （医生的）实习期

（英文释义：A doctor’s residency is the period of specialized training in a hospital that he or she receives after completing an internship.）

【例】He completed his paediatric residency at Stanford University Hospital.

他在斯坦福大学附属医院完成了儿科实习。

【拓展】resident n.

1. 居民

【例】There were confrontations between local residents and the police.

当地居民和警察之间有过冲突。

2. 住院医师

【例】Many resident doctors complain that they are assigned too many duties that are usually not performed by physicians.

很多住院医师抱怨他们被指派了太多通常不由内科医生完成的职责。

这意味着，同样比例的妇产科住院医生将无法接受堕胎培训。该研究的合著者乔迪·施泰纳尔是加州大学旧金山分校的教授，也是肯尼斯·瑞安堕胎与计划生育住院医师培训项目的主任。

facilitate v. 促进；促使；使便利

【例】The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.

新贸易协定应当会加快经济发展。

"退一步讲，医学生和护理专业的学生必须能够就怀孕的选择向人们提供咨询，对所有医生、护士和真正的医疗保健提供者来说，能够为人们提供非常快速的转诊将是非常重要的。

facilitate v. 促进；促使；使便利

【例】The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.

新贸易协定应当会加快经济发展。

因此，如果某人所在的州流产妊娠限制很早，他们想要堕胎，就必须尽快被转诊接受治疗。"这些法律不仅对堕胎有影响，它们还影响到其他技能的培训，包括管理流产等。

object to 反对

（英文释义：If you object to something, you express your dislike or disapproval of it.）

【例】Many local people object to the building of the new airport.

许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。

According to Steinauer, national and international ob-gyn accreditation organizations require that providers know how to empty a uterus, and even if an individual doctor objects to abortion, they need to be able to do one in an emergency to save the patient's life.

根据施泰纳尔的说法，国内和国际妇产科认证组织要求提供者知道如何排空子宫，即使个别医生反对堕胎，他们也需要能够在紧急情况下进行堕胎来挽救患者性命。

object to 反对

（英文释义：If you object to something, you express your dislike or disapproval of it.）

【例】Many local people object to the building of the new airport.

许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。

这在这些州中非常重要，这些州通过法律限制堕胎，即使是在最极端的情况下，如强奸或乱伦。我真的希望将会发生的事情是：所有这些触发法律的实施不会毫无例外地强制执行。

enforce v.

1. 强制执行，强行实施（法律或规定）

【例】The legislation will be difficult to enforce.这一法规将难以实施。

2. 强迫，迫使

【例】You can't enforce cooperation between the players.

队员间的配合并非强迫命令而成。

【拓展】enforceable adj. （法律或协议）可实施的；可强制执行的

【例】enforceable at law 可用法律强制执行的

比如说，如果一个州禁止堕胎，除非是在非常特殊的情况下，如挽救孕妇的生命，或者挽救可能造成严重的健康后果，很多为人们提供护理的诊所就会关闭，到时候我们就会真的需要医院和妇科执业临床医生能够站出来提供合法堕胎服务。"

step up

1. 走上前，往前站

【例】She stepped up to receive her prize.

她走上前去领奖。

2. 增加，提高（速度、效率等）

【例】We plan to step production up by nearly 75% over the next six months.

我们计划在未来六个月内将产量提高近75%。

课后练习

What may happen if trigger laws take effect?
A. People may move to states where abortion is allowed.
B. The rate of pregnancy may decrease gradually.
C. The population may increase in the future.
D. Some women may have a much worse life.
What did the study published in the journal Obstetrics & Gynecology find?
A. Nearly half of the ob-gyn residents were unqualified.
B. The medical resources in many states were scarce.
C. Medical professionals advocated banning abortion.
D. Some ob-gyn residency programs might be canceled.
According to Jody Steinauer, abortion training programs ____.
A. help medical providers handle pregnancy properly
B. raise people’s awareness of the risks of pregnancy
C. offer little guidance on how to deal with miscarriage
D. are not available to students who object to abortion
If a state restricts abortion, Jody Steinauer expects ____.
A. severe punishment to be imposed on rape
B. private clinics to provide care for people
C. hospitals to provide abortion in special cases
D. clinicians to stand up for the right to abortion