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世界银行下调全球增长预期
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世界银行将今年全球GDP增长预期大幅下调至2.9%。世界银行警告称，滞胀风险相当大。
双语精读
The World Bank slashed its forecast of global GDP growth this year, to 2.9%. It warned that the risk of stagflation was considerable and that the world should prepare for "several years of above-average inflation and below-average growth".
世界银行将今年全球GDP增长预期大幅下调至2.9%。世界银行警告称，滞胀风险相当大，世界应该为"数年通胀高于平均水平、经济增长低于平均水平"做好准备。
Real income per person in 2023 is expected to remain below pre-pandemic levels in 40% of developing economies. The OECD also cut its forecast for growth, but played down the risk of stagflation; it expects inflation to start easing later this year.
预计到2023年，40%的发展中经济体的人均实际收入将低于疫情前的水平。经济合作与发展组织也下调了经济增长预期，但淡化了滞胀的风险；该组织预计通货膨胀将在今年晚些时候开始缓解。
Appearing before a Senate committee, Janet Yellen acknowledged that America's high level of inflation was "unacceptable", and asked Congress to "mitigate" rising household costs through a variety of measures, such as lowering prescription-drug prices.
珍妮特·耶伦在出席参议院委员会的听证会时承认，美国的高通胀水平是"不可接受的"，并要求国会通过降低处方药价格等多种措施来"缓和"不断上涨的家庭成本。
The American treasury secretary earlier denied claims in a new book that she had told Joe Biden to reduce the size of his $1.9trn stimulus package last year because it would stoke inflation.
这位美国财政部长早些时候否认了一本新书中的说法，该书称她去年一度呼吁乔·拜登减少1.9万亿美元经济刺激计划的规模，因为这将加剧通胀。
Target issued a profit warning because of a build-up in its inventory, which it will clear by heavily discounting prices on a range of goods.
塔吉特发布了盈利预警，原因是库存积压，该公司将通过对一系列商品大幅打折来消除库存积压。
Like other retailers, the department-store chain is adapting to a change in consumer spending towards household essentials, such as food and fuel, and away from frivolous products.
像其他零售商一样，这家百货商店连锁店正在适应消费者支出的变化，转向家庭必需品，如食品和燃料，而不是非必要产品。
In Britain retail sales fell at an annual rate of 1.1% in May, the biggest drop since January 2021, when the country was in lockdown. The four-day Platinum Jubilee weekend provided a small fillip.
英国5月份零售额同比下降1.1%，这是自2021年1月该国实施封锁以来的最大降幅。为期四天的白金禧年周末活动带来了一点小小的提振。
Retail footfall was up by 6.9% versus the average for May. Spending in pubs rose by 74%, year on year.
与5月份的平均水平相比，零售客流量增长了6.9%。酒吧消费同比增长了74%。
The Turkish lira fell sharply again, after Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's president, reiterated his pledge to continue cutting interest rates, despite annual inflation running at 73.5%.
土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安重申将继续降息，尽管年通货膨胀率高达73.5%，之后土耳其里拉再次大幅下跌。
Mr Erdogan has pressed the nominally independent central bank to reduce rates, which he hopes will boost growth. But the weak lira is pushing up the cost of imports, especially for food and energy.
埃尔多安已向名义上独立的央行施压，要求其降低利率，他希望这将提振经济增长。但疲软的里拉推高了进口成本，尤其是食品和能源的进口成本。
Mr Erdogan has called interest rates "the mother of evils". This week he said only "those living a charmed existence" benefit from them.
埃尔多安称利率为"罪恶之源"。本周，他表示，只有"那些过着迷人生活的人"才能从中受益。
Australia's central bank made a more assertive push to tame inflation by raising its main interest rate by half a percentage point, to 0.85%. That follows a similar increase in May.
澳大利亚央行在抑制通胀方面采取了更强硬的举措，将主要利率上调0.5个百分点，至0.85%。在此之前，5月份也出现了类似的增幅。
India's central bank also lifted its benchmark rate by half a point, to 4.9%, the biggest rise in over a decade.
印度央行还将基准利率上调0.5个基点，至4.9%，这是十多年来的最大涨幅。
词汇预习
despite [高考]
美[dɪˈspaɪt] | 英[dɪˈspaɪt]
prep. 尽管；不管 n. 憎恨；轻视
household [高考]
美[ˈhaʊshoʊld] | 英[ˈhaʊshəʊld]
n. 家庭；户 adj. 家庭的；家喻户晓的
sharply [高考]
美[ˈʃɑrpli] | 英[ˈʃɑ:pli]
adv. 锐利地；严厉地；厉害地；轮廓清晰、线条分明地
considerable [高考]
美[kənˈsɪdərəbl] | 英[kənˈsɪdərəbl]
adj. 重要的；相当大的；可观的
boost [高考]
美[buːst] | 英[buːst]
v. 提高；增加；鼓励；举起；为...做宣传 n. 增加；推进；鼓励
tame [高考]
美[teɪm] | 英[teɪm]
adj. 驯服的；柔顺的；乏味的 vt. 驯养；使驯服；压制 vi. 变得驯服
per [高考]
美[pər] | 英[pə(r)]
prep. 每；每一；经过；按照
growth [高考]
美[ɡroʊθ] | 英[ɡrəʊθ]
n. 【U】增长；生长；发展；种植 n. 【C】生长物；【医】瘤;赘生物
rate [高考]
美[reɪt] | 英[reɪt]
n. 比率；速度；价格；费用；等级 v. 认为；估价；定等级；值得；怒斥；责骂
range [高考]
美[reɪndʒ] | 英[reɪndʒ]
n.范围; 射程; 类别; （山脉，房屋等的）排列 vi.搜索; 变化; 延伸; 漫游 vt.排列; （按一定位置或顺序）排序; 把…分类; 徘徊 adj.牧场的，放牧区的
decade [高考]
美[ˈdekeɪd] | 英[ˈdekeɪd]
n. 十年，十年间，十年期（尤指一个年代)
variety [高考]
美[vəˈraɪəti] | 英[vəˈraɪəti]
n. 多样；种类；多样化 n. 杂耍
profit [高考]
美[ˈprɑːfɪt] | 英[ˈprɒfɪt]
n. 利润；收益；利益 vi. 得益；获利 vt. 有益于
annual [高考]
美[ˈænjuəl] | 英[ˈænjuəl]
adj. 每年的；年度的；一年生的 n. 年刊；一年生植物
percentage [高考]
美[pərˈsentɪdʒ] | 英[pəˈsentɪdʒ]
n. 百分比，百分率；部分，比例；利润分成，提成；[非正式]利益，好处
existence [高考]
美[ɪɡˈzɪstəns] | 英[ɪɡˈzɪstəns]
n. 存在；生存
committee [高考]
美[kəˈmɪti] | 英[kəˈmɪti]
n. 委员会
prescription [高考]
美[prɪˈskrɪpʃn] | 英[prɪˈskrɪpʃn]
n. 处方；药方；对策
increase in [高考]
美[ɪnˈkris ɪn] | 英[inˈkri:s in]
增加； 增大
benefit from [高考]
美[ˈbɛnəfɪt frʌm] | 英[ˈbenifit frɔm]
得益于； 从 ... 得到好处
a variety of [高考]
美[e vəˈraɪɪti ʌv] | 英[ə vəˈraiəti ɔv]
种种； 多种多样
living [高考]
美[ˈlɪvɪŋ] | 英[ˈlɪvɪŋ]
adj. 活着的；生动的 n. 生活；生计
warning [高考]
美[ˈwɔːrnɪŋ] | 英[ˈwɔːnɪŋ]
n. 警告；警报；预兆 adj. 警告的；告诫的
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
inflation [四级]
美[ɪnˈfleɪʃn] | 英[ɪnˈfleɪʃn]
n. 通货膨胀；膨胀
pledge [四级]
美[pledʒ] | 英[pledʒ]
vt. 发誓；保证；以 ... 抵押；向 ... 祝酒 n. 保证；抵押；誓言；抵押品
retail [四级]
美[ˈriːteɪl , rɪˈteɪl] | 英[ˈriːteɪl , rɪˈteɪl]
n. 零售 vt. 零售；传述 adv. 以零售形式
unacceptable [四级]
美[ˌʌnɪkˈsɛptəbəl, -æk-] | 英[ˌʌnəkˈseptəbl]
adj. 不能接受的；不受欢迎的
stimulus [四级]
美[ˈstɪmjələs] | 英[ˈstɪmjələs]
n. 刺激；刺激品；激励
versus [四级]
美[ˈvɜːrsəs] | 英[ˈvɜːsəs]
prep. 与…相对；与…相比；（体育比赛中）与…对阵，与…竞争
rise in [四级]
美 | 英
在……方面的增加；上涨
economies [专四]
美[ɪ'kɒnəmɪz] | 英[iˈkɔnəmiz]
节约；经济（名词economy的复数形式）
provided [专四]
美[prəˈvaɪdɪd] | 英[prəˈvaɪdɪd]
conj. 假如；若是 adj. 预备好的；提供的
inventory [专四]
美[ˈɪnvəntɔːri] | 英[ˈɪnvəntri]
n. 详细目录；存货(清单) vt. 编制(详细目录)
fell [专四]
美[fel] | 英[fel]
vt. 砍伐；击倒 n. 丘原；沼泽地 adj. 凶残的；毁灭性的
assertive [专八]
美[əˈsɜːrtɪv] | 英[əˈsɜːtɪv]
adj. 断定的；自信的
stoke [专八]
美[stoʊk] | 英[stəʊk]
v. 给(炉子)添燃料；煽动；[俚]大吃
mitigate [专八]
美[ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt] | 英[ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt]
vt. 减轻；缓和
frivolous [专八]
美[ˈfrɪvələs] | 英[ˈfrɪvələs]
adj. 轻佻的；妄动的；琐碎的；无足轻重的
treasury [考研]
美[ˈtreʒəri] | 英[ˈtreʒəri]
n. 宝库；国库；金库 n. 财政部；国债
lira [考研]
美[ˈlɪrə] | 英[ˈlɪərə]
n. (货币单位)里拉
developing [雅思]
美[dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ] | 英[dɪˈveləpɪŋ]
adj. 发展中的
重点讲解
The World Bank slashed its forecast of global GDP growth this year, to 2.9%. It warned that the risk of stagflation was considerable and that the world should prepare for "several years of above-average inflation and below-average growth".
世界银行将今年全球GDP增长预期大幅下调至2.9%。世界银行警告称，滞胀风险相当大，世界应该为"数年通胀高于平均水平、经济增长低于平均水平"做好准备。
slash v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）（用利器）砍，劈
【例】Someone had slashed the tyres on my car.
有人把我的汽车轮胎割破了。
（2）大幅度削减；大大降低
【例】Car makers could be forced to slash prices.
汽车制造商可能会被迫大幅度降价。
2. 作名词，刀伤；斜杠号
【例】a slash across his right cheek 他右脸上的一道刀伤
【拓展】slashie 斜杠青年
【例】For some millennials who don’t want to confine themselves to one job, being a slashie seems to be a good idea.
对于一些不想被限制在工作上的千禧世代来说，当个斜杠青年是个好主意。
considerable adj. 相当多（或大、重要等）的
（英文释义：great in amount, size, importance, etc.）
【例】Damage to the building was considerable.
对这栋建筑物的损坏相当严重
Real income per person in 2023 is expected to remain below pre-pandemic levels in 40% of developing economies. The OECD also cut its forecast for growth, but played down the risk of stagflation; it expects inflation to start easing later this year.
预计到2023年，40%的发展中经济体的人均实际收入将低于疫情前的水平。经济合作与发展组织也下调了经济增长预期，但淡化了滞胀的风险；该组织预计通货膨胀将在今年晚些时候开始缓解。
play down 降低，减少
（英文释义：If you play down something, you try to make people believe that it is not particularly important.）
【例】Western diplomats have played down the significance of the reports.
西方的外交官们已贬低了这些报告的重要性。
Appearing before a Senate committee, Janet Yellen acknowledged that America's high level of inflation was "unacceptable", and asked Congress to "mitigate" rising household costs through a variety of measures, such as lowering prescription-drug prices.
珍妮特·耶伦在出席参议院委员会的听证会时承认，美国的高通胀水平是"不可接受的"，并要求国会通过降低处方药价格等多种措施来"缓和"不断上涨的家庭成本。
mitigate v. 减轻；缓和
（英文释义：to make sth less harmful, serious, etc.）
【例】Soil erosion was mitigated by the planting of trees.
植树造林减轻了土壤侵蚀。
The American treasury secretary earlier denied claims in a new book that she had told Joe Biden to reduce the size of his $1.9trn stimulus package last year because it would stoke inflation.
这位美国财政部长早些时候否认了一本新书中的说法，该书称她去年一度呼吁乔·拜登减少1.9万亿美元经济刺激计划的规模，因为这将加剧通胀。
stoke v.
1. 给…添煤；给…添柴火
【例】to stoke up a fire with more coal
往火里再添一些煤
2. 煽动，激起（某种感觉）
【例】He has sent his proposals in the hope of stoking up interest for the idea.
他已上呈自己的建议，希望能激起人们对这种想法的兴趣。
Target issued a profit warning because of a build-up in its inventory, which it will clear by heavily discounting prices on a range of goods.
塔吉特发布了盈利预警，原因是库存积压，该公司将通过对一系列商品大幅打折来消除库存积压。
build-up
1. 逐渐增加
【例】There has been a build-up of troops on both sides of the border.
边境两边的军队都在逐渐增兵。
2. 宣扬；鼓吹
【例】The media has given the show a huge build-up.
传媒为这次演出大加造势。
Like other retailers, the department-store chain is adapting to a change in consumer spending towards household essentials, such as food and fuel, and away from frivolous products.
像其他零售商一样，这家百货商店连锁店正在适应消费者支出的变化，转向家庭必需品，如食品和燃料，而不是非必要产品。
frivolous adj.
1. 愚蠢轻浮的，不严肃的
【例】I just decided I was a bit too frivolous to be a doctor.
我只是认定自己有点儿太轻率，不适合当医生。
2. 无聊的，不重要的
【例】frivolous pastimes/pleasures 无聊的消遣／娱乐
In Britain retail sales fell at an annual rate of 1.1% in May, the biggest drop since January 2021, when the country was in lockdown. The four-day Platinum Jubilee weekend provided a small fillip.
英国5月份零售额同比下降1.1%，这是自2021年1月该国实施封锁以来的最大降幅。为期四天的白金禧年周末活动带来了一点小小的提振。
fillip n. 起推动作用的人或事物
（英文释义：a thing or person that causes sth to improve suddenly）
【例】A drop in interest rates gave a welcome fillip to the housing market.
降低利率给房屋市场带来利好刺激。
Retail footfall was up by 6.9% versus the average for May. Spending in pubs rose by 74%, year on year.
与5月份的平均水平相比，零售客流量增长了6.9%。酒吧消费同比增长了74%。
fillip n. 起推动作用的人或事物
（英文释义：a thing or person that causes sth to improve suddenly）
【例】A drop in interest rates gave a welcome fillip to the housing market.
降低利率给房屋市场带来利好刺激。
The Turkish lira fell sharply again, after Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkey's president, reiterated his pledge to continue cutting interest rates, despite annual inflation running at 73.5%.
土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安重申将继续降息，尽管年通货膨胀率高达73.5%，之后土耳其里拉再次大幅下跌。
push up
1. 俯卧撑
2. 增加；提高；向上推
【例】If the price of commodities, particularly oil, fell, this would push up the trade surplus, he said.
他表示，如果大宗商品（特别是石油）价格下跌，就会推高贸易顺差。
Mr Erdogan has pressed the nominally independent central bank to reduce rates, which he hopes will boost growth. But the weak lira is pushing up the cost of imports, especially for food and energy.
埃尔多安已向名义上独立的央行施压，要求其降低利率，他希望这将提振经济增长。但疲软的里拉推高了进口成本，尤其是食品和能源的进口成本。
push up
1. 俯卧撑
2. 增加；提高；向上推
【例】If the price of commodities, particularly oil, fell, this would push up the trade surplus, he said.
他表示，如果大宗商品（特别是石油）价格下跌，就会推高贸易顺差。
Mr**** Erdogan has called**** interest**** rates "the**** mother**** of**** evils". This**** week**** he**** said**** only**** "those**** living**** a charmed existence"**** benefit from**** them****.****
埃尔多安称利率为"罪恶之源"。本周，他表示，只有"那些过着迷人生活的人"才能从中受益。
Australia's central bank**** made**** a more**** assertive push**** to**** tame**** inflation by**** raising its main**** interest**** rate**** by**** half**** a percentage**** point,**** to**** 0.85****%. That**** follows a similar increase**** in**** May.****
澳大利亚央行在抑制通胀方面采取了更强硬的举措，将主要利率上调0.5个百分点，至0.85%。在此之前，5月份也出现了类似的增幅。
India's central bank**** also**** lifted**** its benchmark rate**** by**** half**** a point,**** to**** 4.9%, the biggest rise**** in**** over**** a decade****.****
印度央行还将基准利率上调0.5个基点，至4.9%，这是十多年来的最大涨幅。
课后练习
What was the World Bank’s forecast of the global economy?
A. The global GDP would grow at a steady pace.
B. There would be high inflation and low growth.
C. Average income would rise after the pandemic.
D. Inflation would be under control in the late 2022.
According to the text, Janet Yellen ____.
A. asked Congress to take action to reduce costs of living
B. held an optimistic attitude towards America’s economy
C. showed disapproval of Mr. Biden’s stimulus package
D. proposed several approaches to reduce inflation
Which of the following statements is true about the retail industry?
A. Heavy discounts have increased sales and profits.
B. Consumer demands have shifted to household essentials.
C. The Platinum Jubilee has greatly excited shopping desire.
D. Spending in pubs is below the average level of last year.
According to the text, interest rates ____.
A. are likely to rise in Turkey to promote growth
B. have increased the inequality of wealth in Turkey
C. have been pushed down by inflation in Australia
D. remain stable over the last decade in India