视频时代的制胜指南(下)

如何做优秀的视频展示的建议与对普通展示的建议没有太大不同。但视频也有一些特定的陷阱。其中之一是看哪里。

双语精读

Advice on how to present well on video is not that different to advice on presenting in general. But there are some specific pitfalls with video. One is where to look.

如何做优秀的视频展示的建议与对普通展示的建议没有太大不同。但视频也有一些特定的陷阱。其中之一是看哪里。

Staring into the camera is unnatural; some advise pinning a photo of someone you respect right by the lens (whether you would really use the opportunity to talk to Volodymyr Zelensky to tell him about your product road map is another question).

盯着镜头看不够自然，一些人建议在镜头旁贴一张你尊敬的人的照片(例如沃洛迪米尔·泽连斯基的照片，你是否真的会利用这个机会与他交谈，向他介绍你的产品规划图则是另一个问题)。

But looking at the camera is harder if you are referring to notes on the screen at the same time.

但如果你同时查看屏幕上的笔记，那么看向摄像头就更难了。

The speaker whose eyes dart from one to the other is in fear of imminent attack; the speaker who gazes at a point somewhere just off to the left of the camera is appearing in "The Office". Teleprompter software may be the right answer.

目光来回跳动的演讲者像是害怕即将到来的攻击，而一开始凝视着某一点，然后突然看向镜头靠左边某处的演讲者，则像是美剧《办公室》里的角色。提词器软件可能是正确答案。

Another danger lies in the temptation to use technology just because it is there. The same rule of thumb that should stop you exploring the animations menu in PowerPoint also applies to pre-recorded video.

另一个危险在于，仅仅因为技术存在就忍不住想使用技术。阻止你探索PPT动画菜单玩法的经验法则，也适用于预先录制的视频。

Don't do jump cuts or special effects unless you really know what you are doing. This is not "Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Quarters".

除非你真的知道自己在干什么，否则不要做跳跃剪辑或特效。这不是电影《两杆大烟枪》。

Perhaps the least recognised skill in the video age is listening well.

或许视频时代最不受关注的技能就是善于倾听。

After all, one of the great boons of the virtual meeting is that you can get actual work done in it--being able to turn your camera off when your time is being royally wasted may be the pandemic's greatest gift to productivity.

毕竟，虚拟会议最大的好处之一就是你可以在开会时干点实事--当你的时间被华丽地浪费时，你可以关掉摄像头，这可能是疫情送给生产力最大的礼物。

And at the other end of the scale, one of video's great downsides is how distracting it can be: as well as checking yourself out and following the online chat, you can critique someone's new wallpaper while watching their next-tile neighbour shovel noodles into their mouth.

在天平的另一端，视频的一大缺点是它容易让人分心：除了看看自己和关注在线聊天之外，你还可以一边批评别人的新壁纸，一边看着他隔壁窗口的人把面条塞进嘴里。

It takes real effort to stay focused in such circumstances.

在这种情况下，要保持专注真的需要付出努力。

The wrong way for firms to tackle the problem of inattentiveness is to insist that cameras stay on or use artificial intelligence to analyse the sentiment of meeting participants in real time.

对于公司来说，解决注意力不集中问题的错误方法是要求摄像头一直打开，或者用人工智能来实时分析会议参与者的情绪。

As if life were not intolerable enough, imagine having to nod and smile dementedly the whole time in case an algorithm decides you are insufficiently engaged.

好像生活还不够让人无法忍受似的，想象一下，你必须一直疯狂地点头和微笑，以免算法判定你不够投入。

The right way for companies to respond is to make meetings shorter and more relevant. Whether you are on camera or in the room, it is always easier to listen when there is something worth hearing.

企业的正确应对方式是缩短会议时间，让会议内容更切题。无论是在镜头前还是在房间里，有一些值得听的东西时，你才更容易去倾听。

词汇预习

virtual [高考]
美[ˈvɜːrtʃuəl] | 英[ˈvɜːtʃuəl]
adj. 实质的；【计】虚拟的
scale [高考]
美[skeɪl] | 英[skeɪl]
n. 等级，规模；刻度；音阶；量程；天枰 v. 攀登；到达…顶点；去鳞
productivity [高考]
美[ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti] | 英[ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]
n. 生产率；生产力
temptation [高考]
美[tempˈteɪʃn] | 英[tempˈteɪʃn]
n. 诱惑；引诱物
thumb [高考]
美[θʌm] | 英[θʌm]
n. 拇指 v. 翻阅；示意要求搭车
respond [高考]
美[rɪˈspɑːnd] | 英[rɪˈspɒnd]
v. 回答；响应；反应；反应灵敏；反响 n. [建]壁联；[宗]应唱圣歌
intelligence [高考]
美[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] | 英[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]
n. 智力；智慧；才智；（尤指关于敌国的）情报
artificial [高考]
美[ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl] | 英[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]
adj. 人造的；虚伪的；武断的
relevant [高考]
美[ˈreləvənt] | 英[ˈreləvənt]
adj. 相关的；切题的；中肯的；有重大关系的；有意义的，目的明确的
software [高考]
美[ˈsɔːftwer] | 英[ˈsɒftweə(r)]
n. 软件
actual [高考]
美[ˈæktʃuəl] | 英[ˈæktʃuəl]
adj. 实际的；事实上的
analyse [高考]
美[ˈænəlaɪz] | 英[ˈænəlaɪz]
vt. 分析；细察
in case [高考]
美[ɪn keɪs] | 英[ɪn keɪs]
conj. 万一，以防；如果
tackle [高考]
美[ˈtækl] | 英[ˈtækl]
v. 处理；对付；阻截(对方球员)；与…交涉 n. 滑车；用具；铲球；(美式足球)拦截手
lens [高考]
美[lenz] | 英[lenz]
n. 镜头；镜片；透镜；(眼球的)水晶体 v. 给…摄影；给…拍照
neighbour [高考]
美[ˈneɪbər] | 英[ˈneɪbə(r)]
n. 邻居；邻近之人或事；邻近值 v. 邻近；接壤
hearing [高考]
美[ˈhɪrɪŋ] | 英[ˈhɪərɪŋ]
n. 听力；听觉；说话或申辩的机会；审讯；听证会
where [高考]
美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]
adv. 在哪里；在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
unnatural [四级]
美[ʌnˈnætʃərəl] | 英[ʌnˈnætʃrəl]
adj. 不自然的；反常的；不近人情的
tile [四级]
美[taɪl] | 英[taɪl]
n. 瓷砖；瓦片 v. 盖瓦；铺瓷砖
sentiment [六级]
美[ˈsentɪmənt] | 英[ˈsentɪmənt]
n. 情绪；感情；观点；感伤
shovel [六级]
美[ˈʃʌvl] | 英[ˈʃʌvl]
n. 铲；挖斗机；一铲的量 vt. 铲；铲成；舀 vi. 用铲子
dart [六级]
美[dɑːrt] | 英[dɑːt]
n. 飞镖；投射；突进；缝褶 vi. 快速投掷；突然移动 vt. 使突然移动
imminent [专四]
美[ˈɪmɪnənt] | 英[ˈɪmɪnənt]
adj. 逼近的；即将发生的
critique [考研]
美[krɪˈtik] | 英[krɪˈti:k]
n. 批评；批评法；评论
intolerable [考研]
美[ɪnˈtɑlərəbl] | 英[ɪnˈtɒlərəbl]
adj. 无法忍受的；难耐的
insufficiently [考研]
美[ˌɪnsə'fɪʃntlɪ] | 英[ˌɪnsə'fɪʃntlɪ]
adv. 不充分地
wallpaper [考研]
美[ˈwɔlˌpepɚ] | 英[ˈwɔ:lpeɪpə(r)]
n. 壁纸；墙纸（电脑屏幕图案） v. 贴壁纸；添加墙纸
following [考研]
美[ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ] | 英[ˈfɒləʊɪŋ]
adj. 接着的；下列的 prep. 在 ... 以后 n. 追随者；下列各项

重点讲解

Advice on how to present well on video is not that different to advice on presenting in general. But there are some specific pitfalls with video. One is where to look.

如何做优秀的视频展示的建议与对普通展示的建议没有太大不同。但视频也有一些特定的陷阱。其中之一是看哪里。

road map

1. （尤指为开车者设计的）公路交通图

【例】He was using a road map for directions.

他那时用公路交通图来导航。

2. 某事物的指南/规划图

【例】a road map to the United States Constitution 美国宪法指南

refer to

1. 提到，谈到

【例】Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.

尽管她没有提任何人的名字，但大家都知道她指的是谁。

2. 参考，查阅

【例】He gave the speech without referring to his notes.

他脱稿发表了演讲。

3. 涉及，关于

【例】The figures refer to our sales in Europe.

这些数字是我们在欧洲的销售额。

【拓展】refer sth. to sb. 把某事物交给某人〔解决〕

【例】My complaint was referred to the manufacturers.

我的投诉已转给制造商受理。

盯着镜头看不够自然，一些人建议在镜头旁贴一张你尊敬的人的照片(例如沃洛迪米尔·泽连斯基的照片，你是否真的会利用这个机会与他交谈，向他介绍你的产品规划图则是另一个问题)。

road map

1. （尤指为开车者设计的）公路交通图

【例】He was using a road map for directions.

他那时用公路交通图来导航。

2. 某事物的指南/规划图

【例】a road map to the United States Constitution 美国宪法指南

refer to

1. 提到，谈到

【例】Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.

尽管她没有提任何人的名字，但大家都知道她指的是谁。

2. 参考，查阅

【例】He gave the speech without referring to his notes.

他脱稿发表了演讲。

3. 涉及，关于

【例】The figures refer to our sales in Europe.

这些数字是我们在欧洲的销售额。

【拓展】refer sth. to sb. 把某事物交给某人〔解决〕

【例】My complaint was referred to the manufacturers.

我的投诉已转给制造商受理。

But looking at the camera is harder if you are referring to notes on the screen at the same time.

但如果你同时查看屏幕上的笔记，那么看向摄像头就更难了。

road map

1. （尤指为开车者设计的）公路交通图

【例】He was using a road map for directions.

他那时用公路交通图来导航。

2. 某事物的指南/规划图

【例】a road map to the United States Constitution 美国宪法指南

refer to

1. 提到，谈到

【例】Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.

尽管她没有提任何人的名字，但大家都知道她指的是谁。

2. 参考，查阅

【例】He gave the speech without referring to his notes.

他脱稿发表了演讲。

3. 涉及，关于

【例】The figures refer to our sales in Europe.

这些数字是我们在欧洲的销售额。

【拓展】refer sth. to sb. 把某事物交给某人〔解决〕

【例】My complaint was referred to the manufacturers.

我的投诉已转给制造商受理。

The speaker whose eyes dart from one to the other is in fear of imminent attack; the speaker who gazes at a point somewhere just off to the left of the camera is appearing in "The Office". Teleprompter software may be the right answer.

目光来回跳动的演讲者像是害怕即将到来的攻击，而一开始凝视着某一点，然后突然看向镜头靠左边某处的演讲者，则像是美剧《办公室》里的角色。提词器软件可能是正确答案。

dart v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）（朝某人猛然）看，瞥

【例】He darted an impatient look at Vicky.

他不耐烦地朝维基瞥了一眼。

（2）猛冲，飞奔

【例】A dog darted across the road in front of me.

一条狗突然在我面前窜过马路。

2. 作名词

（1）镖；飞镖

【例】a poisoned dart

有毒的飞镖

（2）突发的强烈情感

【例】Nina felt a sudden dart of panic.

尼娜突然感到一阵恐慌。

（3）掷镖游戏（常见于英国酒吧里）

【例】a darts match

掷镖赛

（4）猛冲；飞奔

【例】She made a dart for the door.

她朝门口冲去。

Another danger lies in the temptation to use technology just because it is there. The same rule of thumb that should stop you exploring the animations menu in PowerPoint also applies to pre-recorded video.

另一个危险在于，仅仅因为技术存在就忍不住想使用技术。阻止你探索PPT动画菜单玩法的经验法则，也适用于预先录制的视频。

a rule of thumb 实用的估算方法，经验工作法（常依据经验而非准确测量）

【例】As a rule of thumb, you should cook a chicken for 20 minutes for each pound of weight.

根据经验，每磅鸡肉应煮20分钟。

animation n.

1. （电影、录像、电脑游戏的）动画制作；动画片

【例】computer/cartoon animation

电脑动画／动画片制作

2. 生气；活力；富有生命力

【例】They were talking with animation.

他们谈得兴致盎然。

Don't do jump cuts or special effects unless you really know what you are doing. This is not "Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Quarters".

除非你真的知道自己在干什么，否则不要做跳跃剪辑或特效。这不是电影《两杆大烟枪》。

a rule of thumb 实用的估算方法，经验工作法（常依据经验而非准确测量）

【例】As a rule of thumb, you should cook a chicken for 20 minutes for each pound of weight.

根据经验，每磅鸡肉应煮20分钟。

animation n.

1. （电影、录像、电脑游戏的）动画制作；动画片

【例】computer/cartoon animation

电脑动画／动画片制作

2. 生气；活力；富有生命力

【例】They were talking with animation.

他们谈得兴致盎然。

Perhaps the least recognised skill in the video age is listening well.

或许视频时代最不受关注的技能就是善于倾听。

scale n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）秤；天平

【例】the scales of justice

法律的天平

（2）规模，范围，程度

【例】On a global scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels.

全球 77% 的能量产生自化石燃料。

（3）等级；级别

【例】to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10

按 1 到 10 级来评估业绩

（4）比例；比例尺

【例】a scale of 1:25 000

1:25 000 的比例

2. 作动词

（1）攀登；到达…顶点

【例】He has scaled the heights of his profession.

他登上了他事业的顶峰。

（2）缩放

【例】Text can be scaled from 4 point to 108 point without any loss of quality.

正文可以从 4 点调到 108 点，但印刷质量丝毫不会降低。

【拓展】 scale down/back 减少（数量）；缩小（规模或范围）

【例】We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year.

我们考虑在明年缩小培训的规模。

shovel v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）（用铲子）铲起

【例】They went out in freezing conditions to shovel snow.

他们冒着严寒出去铲雪。

（2）迅速将某物〔一般指食物〕放进…里/放在…上

【例】We shovelled food into our mouths as fast as we could.

我们尽快把食物塞进嘴里。

2. 作名词：铁铲，铲子

【例】The children took their pails and shovels to the beach.

孩子们带着桶和铲子到海滩上去了。

check sth./sb. out

1. 调查；查证

【例】We'll have to check him out before we employ him.

我们得先调查一下才雇用他。

2. 察看，观察（有趣或有吸引力的人或事物）

【例】Hey, check out that car!

嘿，看看那辆车！

毕竟，虚拟会议最大的好处之一就是你可以在开会时干点实事--当你的时间被华丽地浪费时，你可以关掉摄像头，这可能是疫情送给生产力最大的礼物。

scale n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）秤；天平

【例】the scales of justice

法律的天平

（2）规模，范围，程度

【例】On a global scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels.

全球 77% 的能量产生自化石燃料。

（3）等级；级别

【例】to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10

按 1 到 10 级来评估业绩

（4）比例；比例尺

【例】a scale of 1:25 000

1:25 000 的比例

2. 作动词

（1）攀登；到达…顶点

【例】He has scaled the heights of his profession.

他登上了他事业的顶峰。

（2）缩放

【例】Text can be scaled from 4 point to 108 point without any loss of quality.

正文可以从 4 点调到 108 点，但印刷质量丝毫不会降低。

【拓展】 scale down/back 减少（数量）；缩小（规模或范围）

【例】We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year.

我们考虑在明年缩小培训的规模。

shovel v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）（用铲子）铲起

【例】They went out in freezing conditions to shovel snow.

他们冒着严寒出去铲雪。

（2）迅速将某物〔一般指食物〕放进…里/放在…上

【例】We shovelled food into our mouths as fast as we could.

我们尽快把食物塞进嘴里。

2. 作名词：铁铲，铲子

【例】The children took their pails and shovels to the beach.

孩子们带着桶和铲子到海滩上去了。

check sth./sb. out

1. 调查；查证

【例】We'll have to check him out before we employ him.

我们得先调查一下才雇用他。

2. 察看，观察（有趣或有吸引力的人或事物）

【例】Hey, check out that car!

嘿，看看那辆车！

And at the other end of the scale, one of video's great downsides is how distracting it can be: as well as checking yourself out and following the online chat, you can critique someone's new wallpaper while watching their next-tile neighbour shovel noodles into their mouth.

在天平的另一端，视频的一大缺点是它容易让人分心：除了看看自己和关注在线聊天之外，你还可以一边批评别人的新壁纸，一边看着他隔壁窗口的人把面条塞进嘴里。

scale n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）秤；天平

【例】the scales of justice

法律的天平

（2）规模，范围，程度

【例】On a global scale, 77% of energy is created from fossil fuels.

全球 77% 的能量产生自化石燃料。

（3）等级；级别

【例】to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10

按 1 到 10 级来评估业绩

（4）比例；比例尺

【例】a scale of 1:25 000

1:25 000 的比例

2. 作动词

（1）攀登；到达…顶点

【例】He has scaled the heights of his profession.

他登上了他事业的顶峰。

（2）缩放

【例】Text can be scaled from 4 point to 108 point without any loss of quality.

正文可以从 4 点调到 108 点，但印刷质量丝毫不会降低。

【拓展】 scale down/back 减少（数量）；缩小（规模或范围）

【例】We are thinking of scaling down our training programmes next year.

我们考虑在明年缩小培训的规模。

shovel v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）（用铲子）铲起

【例】They went out in freezing conditions to shovel snow.

他们冒着严寒出去铲雪。

（2）迅速将某物〔一般指食物〕放进…里/放在…上

【例】We shovelled food into our mouths as fast as we could.

我们尽快把食物塞进嘴里。

2. 作名词：铁铲，铲子

【例】The children took their pails and shovels to the beach.

孩子们带着桶和铲子到海滩上去了。

check sth./sb. out

1. 调查；查证

【例】We'll have to check him out before we employ him.

我们得先调查一下才雇用他。

2. 察看，观察（有趣或有吸引力的人或事物）

【例】Hey, check out that car!

嘿，看看那辆车！

It takes real effort to stay focused in such circumstances.

在这种情况下，要保持专注真的需要付出努力。

sentiment n.

1.情绪；（基于情感的）观点，看法

【例】Public sentiment is against any change to the law.

公众的意见是反对对该法律作任何修改。

2. 多愁善感；感情因素

【例】There is no room for sentiment in business.

在生意场上心肠不能软。

The wrong way for firms to tackle the problem of inattentiveness is to insist that cameras stay on or use artificial intelligence to analyse the sentiment of meeting participants in real time.

对于公司来说，解决注意力不集中问题的错误方法是要求摄像头一直打开，或者用人工智能来实时分析会议参与者的情绪。

sentiment n.

1.情绪；（基于情感的）观点，看法

【例】Public sentiment is against any change to the law.

公众的意见是反对对该法律作任何修改。

2. 多愁善感；感情因素

【例】There is no room for sentiment in business.

在生意场上心肠不能软。

As if life were not intolerable enough, imagine having to nod and smile dementedly the whole time in case an algorithm decides you are insufficiently engaged.

好像生活还不够让人无法忍受似的，想象一下，你必须一直疯狂地点头和微笑，以免算法判定你不够投入。

in case

1. 以防万一

【例】Take an umbrella, in case it rains.

带把伞吧，以防下雨。

2. 如果，假使

【例】In case I’m late, start without me.

假如我来晚了，你们就别等我先开始吧。

The right way for companies to respond is to make meetings shorter and more relevant. Whether you are on camera or in the room, it is always easier to listen when there is something worth hearing.

企业的正确应对方式是缩短会议时间，让会议内容更切题。无论是在镜头前还是在房间里，有一些值得听的东西时，你才更容易去倾听。

in case

1. 以防万一

【例】Take an umbrella, in case it rains.

带把伞吧，以防下雨。

2. 如果，假使

【例】In case I’m late, start without me.

假如我来晚了，你们就别等我先开始吧。

课后练习

One of the tricky things about presenting on video is ____.
A. how to alleviate nervousness
B. how to avoid forgetting the lines
C. how to make natural eye contact
D. how to arouse listeners’ interest
What does the author think about using technology in videos?
A. It can make the video more interesting.
B. It is not necessary and should be avoided.
C. It can distract the audience from the content.
D. It works well and can impress the audience.
What might people do in video conferences?
A. They might turn off the camera and exit from the meeting.
B. They might discuss their personal matters in the conference.
C. They might watch their colleagues and get distracted.
D. They might focus on the conference and take notes.
What is the author’s advice on the problem of inattentiveness?
A. Employees should not be allowed to turn the camera off.
B. Artificial intelligence could be used to monitor employees.
C. Employers should offer rewards to motivate employees.
D. Companies should reduce unnecessary meetings.