- Published on
最好的励志是找到意义
- Authors
最好的励志是找到意义
励志名言。史蒂夫·乔布斯随便说什么的视频。你不必在领英上刷太久（领英是一个表面上为职场人士提供的社交网站）就能找到“励志”内容。 
双语精读
How to inspire people
如何鼓舞他人
Motivational quotes. Videos of Steve Jobs saying absolutely anything. You do not have to scroll for long on LinkedIn, a networking site ostensibly for people at work, to find "inspirational" content.
励志名言。史蒂夫·乔布斯随便说什么的视频。你不必在领英上刷太久（领英是一个表面上为职场人士提供的社交网站）就能找到“鼓舞人心”的内容。
But much more practical insights can be found in a forthcoming book called "Inspire", by Adam Galinsky, an academic at Columbia Business School. Take, for example, the importance of vivid imagery as a way of bringing an organisation's purpose to life.
但在哥伦比亚商学院学者亚当·加林斯基即将出版的新书《鼓舞》中，可以找到更实用的深刻见解。例如，生动的意象是为组织的目标赋予生命力的一个重要方式。
Lots of firms use a succession of tediously abstract words to convey their goal: "change", "innovate", "connect" and so on. The result is less a mission than a mood board.
许多公司用一连串冗长抽象的词语来传达他们的目标：“变革”“创新”“连接”等等。这样做的结果与其说是传达了使命，不如说是做了一个情绪板。
Mr Galinsky cites an experiment that showed the effect of more concrete language. In it, teams were asked to design toys and given a vision statement to guide their behaviour.
加林斯基引用了一项实验，展示了更具体的语言所产生的效果。在实验中，团队被要求设计玩具，并给了他们一份愿景陈述来指导设计。
Teams who were handed a statement with more visual language-to create toys that "…make wide-eyed kids laugh and proud parents smile"-produced more engaging toys than teams who were given something more generic.
那些拿到语言更具视觉性的陈述的团队——创造出“……让惊奇地睁大眼睛的孩子欢笑，让骄傲的父母微笑”的玩具——比那些拿到语言更宽泛的陈述的团队创造出了更吸引人的玩具。
Mr Galinsky also points to the power of counterfactual thinking to inspire a sense of meaning. In research he conducted with Laura Kray of the University of California, Berkeley and other co-authors, participants were asked to reflect on important events in their lives, such as their choice of college.
加林斯基还指出，反事实思维具有激发意义感的力量。在他与加州大学伯克利分校的劳拉·克雷及其合著者进行的研究中，参与者被要求反思他们生活中的重要事件，比如选择大学。
Some were also asked to think about how things would have turned out if this event had not taken place. This group attributed greater meaning to the event in question, whether because they concluded fate had played a part in it or because it forced them to think through its consequences more explicitly.
一些人还被要求思考，如果这个事件没有发生，那么情况会如何。无论是他们得出结论，认为命运在其中发挥了作用，还是这个要求迫使他们更清晰地思考了这个事件的后果，总之这组人都因此认为他们所讨论的事件具有更大的意义。
This type of counterfactual thinking can also be used to strengthen employees' ties to firms: prompting people to imagine a world in which their company does not exist seems to increase a sense of attachment.
这种反事实思维也可以用来加强员工与公司的联系：促使人们想象一个他们的公司不存在的世界，这似乎会增加员工与公司的连接感。
Perhaps the most striking idea in Mr Galinsky's book is that, instead of bosses motivating people from above, individuals can do it for themselves. One example is a piece of research he conducted with Julian Pfrombeck from the Chinese University of Hong Kong and other co-authors.
或许加林斯基的书中最惊人的观点是，与其让老板从上而下地激励员工，不如让员工自己激励自己。一个例子是他与香港中文大学的朱利安·弗洛姆贝克及其合著者进行的一项研究。
In this study some Swiss citizens who had newly registered with a government employment agency were asked to undertake a 10- to 15-minute exercise in which they reflected on values that mattered to them. They were three times more likely to find a job than those who did not do the exercise.
在这项研究中，一些刚在政府就业机构登记注册的瑞士公民被要求进行10到15分钟的练习，在这个练习中，他们反思了对他们来说重要的价值观。他们找到工作的可能性是那些没有做这个练习的人的三倍。
Managers play a huge role in motivating their people. But inspiration can be bottom-up as well as top-down. Don't just tell your team what Jobs said. Ask why their jobs matter to them.
管理者在激励员工方面发挥着巨大的作用。但鼓舞可以是自上而下的，也可以是自下而上的。不要只是告诉你的团队乔布斯说了什么。而要问问他们，为什么他们的工作对他们很重要。
词汇预习
- site [高考]
美[saɪt] | 英[saɪt]
n. 地点；位置；现场
vt. 使 ... 位于 - inspiration [高考]
美[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn] | 英[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn]
n. 灵感；鼓舞人心(的东西)；吸气 - employment [高考]
美[ɪmˈplɔɪmənt] | 英[ɪmˈplɔɪmənt]
n. 职业；雇用；使用 - absolutely [高考]
美[ˈæbsəluːtli] | 英[ˈæbsəluːtli]
adv. 完全地；绝对地；[语]独立地
int. （表示赞同）完全正确，一点没错 - mission [高考]
美[ˈmɪʃn] | 英[ˈmɪʃn]
n. 使命；代表团；任务；布道
v. 派遣；向…传教; 把任务交给 - vision [高考]
美[ˈvɪʒn] | 英[ˈvɪʒn]
n. 视力；视觉；幻觉；眼光；洞察力；想象力
v. 幻想；设想 - fate [高考]
美[feɪt] | 英[feɪt]
n. 命运，宿命
vt. 注定 - inspire [高考]
美[ɪnˈspaɪər] | 英[ɪnˈspaɪə(r)]
vt. 鼓舞；激发；产生；赋予...灵感
vi. 吸入 - agency [高考]
美[ˈeɪdʒənsi] | 英[ˈeɪdʒənsi]
n. 代理；代理处；政府机构 - behaviour [高考]
美[bɪˈheɪvjər] | 英[bɪˈheɪvjə(r)]
n. 行为；举止；品行 - academic [高考]
美[ˌækəˈdemɪk] | 英[ˌækəˈdemɪk]
adj. 学院的；学术的；理论的
n. 大学教师，大学生；学者，学究 - strengthen [高考]
美[ˈstreŋθn] | 英[ˈstreŋθn]
v. 加强；变坚固 - convey [高考]
美[kənˈveɪ] | 英[kənˈveɪ]
vt. 表达；传达；运输；转移 - concrete [高考]
美[ˈkɑːŋkriːt] | 英[ˈkɒŋkriːt]
adj. 具体的；实质性的；混凝土的
n. 水泥；混凝土；具体物
v. 凝结；结合 - undertake [高考]
美[ˌʌndərˈteɪk] | 英[ˌʌndəˈteɪk]
v. 承担；从事；保证；答应 - abstract [高考]
美[ˈæbstrækt] | 英[ˈæbstrækt]
adj. 抽象（派）的，纯理论的
n. 摘要，概要; 抽象派艺术作品
v. 提取，抽取，摘取; 写摘要 - vivid [高考]
美[ˈvɪvɪd] | 英[ˈvɪvɪd]
adj. 生动的；鲜艳的；栩栩如生的 - organisation [高考]
美[ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn] | 英[ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn]
n. 组织；团体；条理 - thinking [高考]
美[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] | 英[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
n. 思考；思想
adj. 好思考的；有理性的 - would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式 - succession [四级]
美[səkˈseʃn] | 英[səkˈseʃn]
n. 连续；继承权；继位 - generic [四级]
美[dʒəˈnɛrɪk] | 英[dʒəˈnerɪk]
adj. 一般的；普通的；共有的；没有商标的
n. 无商标的药品 - attachment [四级]
美[əˈtætʃmənt] | 英[əˈtætʃmənt]
n. 附件；附属物；忠诚；依恋；附著；依赖
n. [法律]扣押令 - in question [四级]
美[ɪn 'kwestʃən] | 英[ɪn 'kwestʃən]
正在考虑的 - think through [四级]
美[θɪŋk θru] | 英[θiŋk θru:]
彻底地全面考虑；想明白；思考…直到得出结论 - striking [四级]
美[ˈstraɪkɪŋ] | 英[ˈstraɪkɪŋ]
adj. 显著的; 引人注目的; 容貌出众的; 妩媚动人的
v. 打( strike的现在分词); 击; 敲响; 报时 - innovate [四级]
美[ˈɪnəveɪt] | 英[ˈɪnəveɪt]
v. 改革；创新 - inspirational [六级]
美[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl] | 英[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl]
adj. 带有灵感的；给予灵感的；鼓舞人心的 - explicitly [六级]
美[ɪk'splɪsɪtlɪ] | 英[ɪk'splɪsɪtlɪ]
adv. 明白地；明确地 - forthcoming [六级]
美[ˌfɔːrθˈkʌmɪŋ] | 英[ˌfɔːθˈkʌmɪŋ]
adj. 即将到来的；现成的；乐意帮助的 - scroll [专八]
美[skroʊl] | 英[skrəʊl]
n. 卷轴；画卷；名册；卷形物
v. 卷动 - Swiss [专八]
美[swɪs] | 英[swɪs]
adj. 瑞士的
n. 瑞士人 - top-down [考研]
美[ˌtɑːp ˈdaʊn] | 英[ˌtɒp ˈdaʊn]
adj. 自顶向下的；从整体到细节的 - engaging [托福]
美[ɛnˈɡedʒɪŋ] | 英[ɪnˈgeɪdʒɪŋ]
adj. 动人的；迷人的；有魅力的
重点讲解
How to inspire people
如何鼓舞他人
inspirational adj. 鼓舞人心的
【例】an inspirational speech 励志演讲
【辨析】inspiring adj. 令人受到鼓舞的
【例】The speech is really inspiring.
这个演讲很鼓舞人心。
Motivational quotes. Videos of Steve Jobs saying absolutely anything. You do not have to scroll for long on LinkedIn, a networking site ostensibly for people at work, to find “inspirational” content.
励志名言。史蒂夫·乔布斯随便说什么的视频。你不必在领英上刷太久（领英是一个表面上为职场人士提供的社交网站）就能找到“鼓舞人心”的内容。
inspirational adj. 鼓舞人心的
【例】an inspirational speech 励志演讲
【辨析】inspiring adj. 令人受到鼓舞的
【例】The speech is really inspiring.
这个演讲很鼓舞人心。
But much more practical insights can be found in a forthcoming book called “Inspire”, by Adam Galinsky, an academic at Columbia Business School. Take, for example, the importance of vivid imagery as a way of bringing an organisation’s purpose to life.
但在哥伦比亚商学院学者亚当·加林斯基即将出版的新书《鼓舞》中，可以找到更实用的深刻见解。例如，生动的意象是为组织的目标赋予生命力的一个重要方式。
bring sth to life 使某物活过来；使某物有生气
【例】The new teacher really brought French to life.
新来的老师把法语教得很生动。
Flowers can bring a dull room to life.
鲜花可给沉闷的房间增添生气。
【拓展】come to life （某物）活过来，变得精彩
succession n. 连续；接替
【例】the succession of the seasons 四季的更迭
【搭配】a succession of sth 一连串的事物；连续不断的事物
do sth in succession 连续几次做某事
【拓展】succeed v. 成功；接替
Lots of firms use a succession of tediously abstract words to convey their goal: “change”, “innovate”, “connect” and so on. The result is less a mission than a mood board.
许多公司用一连串冗长抽象的词语来传达他们的目标：“变革”“创新”“连接”等等。这样做的结果与其说是传达了使命，不如说是做了一个情绪板。
bring sth to life 使某物活过来；使某物有生气
【例】The new teacher really brought French to life.
新来的老师把法语教得很生动。
Flowers can bring a dull room to life.
鲜花可给沉闷的房间增添生气。
【拓展】come to life （某物）活过来，变得精彩
succession n. 连续；接替
【例】the succession of the seasons 四季的更迭
【搭配】a succession of sth 一连串的事物；连续不断的事物
do sth in succession 连续几次做某事
【拓展】succeed v. 成功；接替
Mr Galinsky cites an experiment that showed the effect of more concrete language. In it, teams were asked to design toys and given a vision statement to guide their behaviour.
加林斯基引用了一项实验，展示了更具体的语言所产生的效果。在实验中，团队被要求设计玩具，并给了他们一份愿景陈述来指导设计。
vision n. 远见；愿景
【例】Her vision of a sustainable future inspired the community to take action.
她对于可持续发展的未来愿景激励社群采取行动。
a leader of vision 有远见的领袖
【近义词】prospect n. 前景
outlook n. 展望
blueprint n. 蓝图；未来计划
engaging adj. 吸引人的；迷人的
【例】an engaging story 吸引人的故事
【拓展】engaged adj. 被吸引的；投入的
【例】The students are engaged in the class.
学生们在课堂上很投入。
【拓展】engage v. 吸引住
【例】The movie engages both kids and adults.
这部电影既吸引小孩，也吸引成年人。
Teams who were handed a statement with more visual language—to create toys that “…make wide-eyed kids laugh and proud parents smile”—produced more engaging toys than teams who were given something more generic.
那些拿到语言更具视觉性的陈述的团队——创造出“……让惊奇地睁大眼睛的孩子欢笑，让骄傲的父母微笑”的玩具——比那些拿到语言更宽泛的陈述的团队创造出了更吸引人的玩具。
vision n. 远见；愿景
【例】Her vision of a sustainable future inspired the community to take action.
她对于可持续发展的未来愿景激励社群采取行动。
a leader of vision 有远见的领袖
【近义词】prospect n. 前景
outlook n. 展望
blueprint n. 蓝图；未来计划
engaging adj. 吸引人的；迷人的
【例】an engaging story 吸引人的故事
【拓展】engaged adj. 被吸引的；投入的
【例】The students are engaged in the class.
学生们在课堂上很投入。
【拓展】engage v. 吸引住
【例】The movie engages both kids and adults.
这部电影既吸引小孩，也吸引成年人。
Mr Galinsky also points to the power of counterfactual thinking to inspire a sense of meaning. In research he conducted with Laura Kray of the University of California, Berkeley and other co-authors, participants were asked to reflect on important events in their lives, such as their choice of college.
加林斯基还指出，反事实思维具有激发意义感的力量。在他与加州大学伯克利分校的劳拉·克雷及其合著者进行的研究中，参与者被要求反思他们生活中的重要事件，比如选择大学。
reflect on 反思；认真思考
【例】Please reflect on your actions.
请你反省一下自己做的事吧。
【拓展】reflect v. 思考（不接宾语，可接从句）
【例】I reflect how I can get good grades.
我在思考怎样才能取得好成绩。
Some were also asked to think about how things would have turned out if this event had not taken place. This group attributed greater meaning to the event in question, whether because they concluded fate had played a part in it or because it forced them to think through its consequences more explicitly.
一些人还被要求思考，如果这个事件没有发生，那么情况会如何。无论是他们得出结论，认为命运在其中发挥了作用，还是这个要求迫使他们更清晰地思考了这个事件的后果，总之这组人都因此认为他们所讨论的事件具有更大的意义。
turn out
1. 以某种方式发展；有某种结果
【例】Despite our worries everything turned out well.
尽管我们都很担心，但结果一切顺利。
2. 出现意外的结果
【例】The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
这工作结果比我们想像的要难。
attribute sth to...
1. 认为......有某种特性
【例】We attribute stubborness to mules.
我们认为顽固是骡子的特性。
【拓展】attribute n. 属性；特性
2. 把某事归因于......
【例】She attributes her success to hard work.
她把自己的成功归因于努力。
This type of counterfactual thinking can also be used to strengthen employees’ ties to firms: prompting people to imagine a world in which their company does not exist seems to increase a sense of attachment.
这种反事实思维也可以用来加强员工与公司的联系：促使人们想象一个他们的公司不存在的世界，这似乎会增加员工与公司的连接感。
prompt v. & adj.
1. 作动词：促使；推动
【例】Her encouraging smile prompted him to continue talking.
她那充满鼓励的微笑促使他继续说下去。
2. 作形容词：立即的；迅速的
【例】prompt response 立即回复
Perhaps the most striking idea in Mr Galinsky’s book is that, instead of bosses motivating people from above, individuals can do it for themselves. One example is a piece of research he conducted with Julian Pfrombeck from the Chinese University of Hong Kong and other co-authors.
或许加林斯基的书中最惊人的观点是，与其让老板从上而下地激励员工，不如让员工自己激励自己。一个例子是他与香港中文大学的朱利安·弗洛姆贝克及其合著者进行的一项研究。
In this study some Swiss citizens who had newly registered with a government employment agency were asked to undertake a 10- to 15-minute exercise in which they reflected on values that mattered to them. They were three times more likely to find a job than those who did not do the exercise.
在这项研究中，一些刚在政府就业机构登记注册的瑞士公民被要求进行10到15分钟的练习，在这个练习中，他们反思了对他们来说重要的价值观。他们找到工作的可能性是那些没有做这个练习的人的三倍。
Managers play a huge role in motivating their people. But inspiration can be bottom-up as well as top-down. Don’t just tell your team what Jobs said. Ask why their jobs matter to them.
管理者在激励员工方面发挥着巨大的作用。但鼓舞可以是自上而下的，也可以是自下而上的。不要只是告诉你的团队乔布斯说了什么。而要问问他们，为什么他们的工作对他们很重要。
bottom-up adj. 自下而上的；由点及面的
【例】The company adopted a bottom-up approach to decision-making, encouraging employees to contribute their ideas.
公司采取了自下而上的决策方式，鼓励员工提出想法。
【反义词】top-down adj. 自上而下的
课后练习
What does Mr Galinsky think about abstract language in conveying a company's goal?
A. It is very effective and gives clear information.
B. It is ambiguous and cannot motivate employees.
C. It is more inspiring than concrete language.
D. It helps teams design more engaging toys.What kind of effect does counterfactual thinking have?
A. It decreases employees’ job satisfaction.
B. It helps people make better decisions in the future .
C. It leads people to feel that their jobs are meaningful.
D. It makes people regret the important events in their lives.Why were some Swiss citizens more likely to find a job?
A. Because their bosses motivated them in an effective way.
B. Because they received help from a government agency.
C. Because they reflected on what was important to them.
D. Because they had better professional skills than others.What is a bottom-up way to motivate people?
A. Managers ask team members about the meaning of their jobs.
B. Managers tell their team members what Steve Jobs said.
C. Managers give direct orders to the team members.
D. Managers set higher goals for the team members.
