用珠宝进行法医鉴定

她仔细检查了在残骸中发现的珠宝，并利用她的设计、材料和珠宝行业知识为调查人员提供线索。

双语精读

In 2013, two years into her doctoral studies on forensic jewelry, Maria Maclennan found herself in a mortuary for the first time. It was in Namibia, and she was there to help identify the victims of a plane crash that had killed everyone on board.

2013年，玛丽亚·麦克伦南攻读法医珠宝学博士学位两年后，她第一次来到了太平间。那是在纳米比亚，她在那里帮助确定一起空难遇难者的身份，空难导致机上所有人丧生。

It was the first time she had put her theoretical skills into practice, examining pieces of jewelry found in the wreckage and using her knowledge of designs, materials and the industry to provide investigators with leads.

这是她第一次将理论付诸实践，她仔细检查了在残骸中发现的珠宝，并利用她的设计、材料和珠宝行业知识为调查人员提供线索。

Since then she has helped identify the victims of many catastrophes, including building collapses, natural disasters and a terrorist attack.

从那场空难之后，她帮助确认了许多灾难中遇难者的身份，这些灾难包括建筑物倒塌、自然灾害和恐怖袭击。

And while the situations can be harrowing -- sometimes, she said, the jewelry was all but fused to human remains -- she has approached the job as a professional: "You're wearing your forensic gloves and it's all very methodical and detached and disembodied from the person, the human being."

虽然现场情况可能令人悲痛----她说，有时珠宝几乎与人体残骸融为一体----但她以专业的态度对待这项工作："你戴着法医手套，一切工作都要有条不紊，不带任何感情，与这个人、与人本身脱离了关系。"

But there is a part of the process that she finds emotionally difficult. "It's at the end, the returning, when you give the belongings back to the family, which really strikes me. You look at the piece as a sort of a proxy or representation of the individual. Especially, I think, in the absence of the human body."

但是这个过程中有一个环节让她觉得在情感上很难接受。"就是在最后，归还的环节，当你把遗物归还给家属时，真的会让我内心受到震动。你把这件珠宝看作是一个人的一种替身或代表。尤其是，我认为，在没有尸体的情况下。"

Dr. Maclennan now is a member of a disaster victim identification team for Blake Emergency Services, based in Cheshire, England. The primary tools of victim identification are DNA, fingerprints and dental records, Dr. Maclennan says.

麦克伦南博士现在是位于英国柴郡的布莱克紧急服务公司遇难者身份鉴定小组的成员。麦克伦南博士说，受害者身份鉴定的主要工具是DNA、指纹和牙科记录。

And while jewelry alone is not enough to make a scientific forensic identification, it does have a useful place as what she calls a "secondary identifier."

虽然仅靠珠宝本身不足以进行科学的法医鉴定，但珠宝确实有它的用处，麦克伦南博士将其称为"辅助鉴定物"。

"Jewelry is robust," she said. "It can survive a lot of trauma, and sadly it can outlast the human body."

"珠宝很坚固，"她说，"它能承受很多伤害，而且令人悲伤的是，珠宝能比人体留存更久。"

In addition to obvious connections such as names or dates engraved on wedding rings, "there could be a physical clue or characteristic on the jewelry that tells us when it was made or purchased, or who it was made by or who it was purchased by," she said.

她说，除了婚戒上刻着的姓名或日期等明显与身份有联系的标志之外，"珠宝也可能有物理线索或者说特征，告诉我们它是什么时候被制作或被购买的，或者是谁制作的，是谁购买的"。

She also noted that jewelry sometimes could be a repository for DNA, pulling off her own chunky silver-ring set with a large citrine and showing it to a visitor.

她还指出，珠宝有时可以作为DNA储存库，她摘下自己戴的一个很大的银戒指，上面镶嵌着一大颗黄水晶，指给访客看。

"If you look through the stone from the front, you can see all kinds of gunk on the back," she said. "The jewelry industry is always telling us to clean our jewelry, but from a forensic perspective, if we don't, it can be a very good vessel for DNA."

"如果你从前面透过水晶看，你可以看到背面有各种各样的黏黏的东西，"她说，"珠宝行业总是告诉我们要清洁珠宝，但从法医的角度来看，如果我们不清洁，珠宝就可以成为非常好的储存DNA的容器。"

词汇预习

individual [高考]
美[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] | 英[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]
adj. 单独的；一个人的；独有的 n. 个人；个体
identify [高考]
美[aɪˈdentɪfaɪ] | 英[aɪˈdentɪfaɪ]
v. 鉴定；识别；确认；发现；找到
secondary [高考]
美[ˈsekənderi] | 英[ˈsekəndri]
adj. 次要的；从属的；中等教育的 n. 副手；次要位置
representation [高考]
美[ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteʃən] | 英[ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃn]
n. 陈述；表现；表示法
perspective [高考]
美[pərˈspektɪv] | 英[pəˈspektɪv]
n. 视角，观点；远景；景观；透视法 adj.(按照)透视画法的；透视的
emotionally [高考]
美[ɪˈmoʃənlɪ] | 英[ɪ'məʊʃənəlɪ]
adv. 感情上地；冲动地
dental [高考]
美[ˈdentl] | 英[ˈdentl]
adj. 牙齿的；牙科的
clue [高考]
美[kluː] | 英[kluː]
n. 线索；（故事等的）情节 vt. 为…提供线索；为…提供情况
victim [高考]
美[ˈvɪktɪm] | 英[ˈvɪktɪm]
n. 受害者；受骗者；牺牲
obvious [高考]
美[ˈɑːbviəs] | 英[ˈɒbviəs]
adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;自明
characteristic [高考]
美[ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk] | 英[ˌkærəktəˈrɪstɪk]
n. 特点；特性；特色 adj. 典型的；特有的
absence [高考]
美[ˈæbsəns] | 英[ˈæbsəns]
n. 缺席；缺乏
identification [高考]
美[aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] | 英[aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]
n. 确认；鉴定；识别；身份的证明
theoretical [高考]
美[ˌθiːəˈretɪkl] | 英[ˌθɪəˈretɪkl]
adj. 理论上的
jewelry [高考]
美[ˈdʒuːəlri] | 英[ˈdʒuːəlri]
n. 珠宝；珠宝类
on board [高考]
美[ɑːn bɔːrd] | 英[ɒn bɔːd]
在船（车或飞机）上
wedding [高考]
美[ˈwedɪŋ] | 英[ˈwedɪŋ]
n. 婚礼；结合
remains [高考]
美[rɪˈmeɪnz] | 英[rɪˈmeɪnz]
n. 剩余物；遗迹；遗体
vessel [高考]
美[ˈvesl] | 英[ˈvesl]
n. 器皿；轮船；脉管；大船
doctoral [四级]
美[ˈdɑktərəl] | 英[ˈdɒktərəl]
adj. 博士的
look at [四级]
美[lʊk æt] | 英[lʊk æt]
（仔细地）看；着眼，考虑
repository [六级]
美[rɪˈpɑzətɔri] | 英[rɪˈpɒzətri]
n. 容器；仓库；贮藏室；智囊
robust [六级]
美[roʊˈbʌst] | 英[rəʊˈbʌst]
adj. 强健的；稳固的；耐用的；粗野的；浓的
all but [六级]
美[ɔl bʌt] | 英[ɔ:l bʌt]
几乎；差一点
belongings [专四]
美[bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋz] | 英[bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz]
n. 财产；所有物；物件；东西
wreckage [专八]
美[ˈrɛkɪdʒ] | 英[ˈrekɪdʒ]
n. 失事；破坏；破减；残骸
telling [专八]
美[ˈtelɪŋ] | 英[ˈtelɪŋ]
adj. 有效的；显著的
methodical [专八]
美[məˈθɑːdɪkl] | 英[məˈθɒdɪkl]
adj. 有条不紊的；井然的
harrowing [专八]
美[ˈhæroʊɪŋ] | 英[ˈhærəʊɪŋ]
adj. 悲惨的，令人伤心的 v. 耙地，使耙松( harrow的现在分词)
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上
outlast [托福]
美[ˌaʊtˈlæst] | 英[ˌaʊtˈlɑ:st]
v. 较……耐久
noted [托福]
美[ˈnoʊtɪd] | 英[ˈnəʊtɪd]
adj. 著名的；有声望的

重点讲解

In 2013, two years into her doctoral studies on forensic jewelry, Maria Maclennan found herself in a mortuary for the first time. It was in Namibia, and she was there to help identify the victims of a plane crash that had killed everyone on board.

2013年，玛丽亚·麦克伦南攻读法医珠宝学博士学位两年后，她第一次来到了太平间。那是在纳米比亚，她在那里帮助确定一起空难遇难者的身份，空难导致机上所有人丧生。

identify v. 确定身份；鉴定；确认

【例】She was able to identify her attacker.

她认出了袭击她的人。

to identify the problem 找到问题所在

【拓展】identity n. 身份

on board 在船上/飞机上/火车上

【例】When everybody was on board, the ship sailed.

等所有人都上了船，船就启航了。

【拓展】board v. 登机；上车；上船

【例】Flight BA193 for Paris is now boarding at Gate 37.

飞往巴黎的BA193次航班的乘客现在可以在37号登机口登机。

It was the first time she had put her theoretical skills into practice, examining pieces of jewelry found in the wreckage and using her knowledge of designs, materials and the industry to provide investigators with leads.

这是她第一次将理论付诸实践，她仔细检查了在残骸中发现的珠宝，并利用她的设计、材料和珠宝行业知识为调查人员提供线索。

wreckage n. （车辆、飞机等的）残骸

【例】Experts were sent to inspect the plane's wreckage.

专家被派去检查飞机的残骸。

【拓展】wreck v./n. 毁坏/遭到毁坏的车辆

【近义词】debris n. 残骸；碎片

rubble n. 碎石；瓦砾

lead n. 犯罪线索

【例】to follow up all possible leads

追查所有可能的线索

【近义词】clue n. 线索

Since then she has helped identify the victims of many catastrophes, including building collapses, natural disasters and a terrorist attack.

从那场空难之后，她帮助确认了许多灾难中遇难者的身份，这些灾难包括建筑物倒塌、自然灾害和恐怖袭击。

wreckage n. （车辆、飞机等的）残骸

【例】Experts were sent to inspect the plane's wreckage.

专家被派去检查飞机的残骸。

【拓展】wreck v./n. 毁坏/遭到毁坏的车辆

【近义词】debris n. 残骸；碎片

rubble n. 碎石；瓦砾

lead n. 犯罪线索

【例】to follow up all possible leads

追查所有可能的线索

【近义词】clue n. 线索

And while the situations can be harrowing -- sometimes, she said, the jewelry was all but fused to human remains -- she has approached the job as a professional: "You're wearing your forensic gloves and it's all very methodical and detached and disembodied from the person, the human being."

虽然现场情况可能令人悲痛----她说，有时珠宝几乎与人体残骸融为一体----但她以专业的态度对待这项工作："你戴着法医手套，一切工作都要有条不紊，不带任何感情，与这个人、与人本身脱离了关系。"

approach v. 靠近；接近；着手处理

【例】to approach a subject with an open mind

不抱先入之见地探讨一个题目

approach a task from a historical point of view

以历史的观点处理一件工作

detached adj. 不连接的；不带感情的；超然的

【例】a detached house 独栋房屋

a detached observer 冷眼旁观的人

【反义词】attached adj. 连接的；依恋的

disembodied adj. 脱离肉体的

【例】a disembodied spirit 游魂

a disembodied voice 看不见说话人的声音

【拓展】embody v. 具象；体现；具体表现

But there is a part of the process that she finds emotionally difficult. "It's at the end, the returning, when you give the belongings back to the family, which really strikes me. You look at the piece as a sort of a proxy or representation of the individual. Especially, I think, in the absence of the human body."

但是这个过程中有一个环节让她觉得在情感上很难接受。"就是在最后，归还的环节，当你把遗物归还给家属时，真的会让我内心受到震动。你把这件珠宝看作是一个人的一种替身或代表。尤其是，我认为，在没有尸体的情况下。"

proxy n. 代理人；代表

【例】The shareholders can appoint proxies to attend the annual meeting on their behalf.

股东可以指定代理人，代表他们参加年度大会。

【近义词】representative/delegate n. 代表；会议代表

麦克伦南博士现在是位于英国柴郡的布莱克紧急服务公司遇难者身份鉴定小组的成员。麦克伦南博士说，受害者身份鉴定的主要工具是DNA、指纹和牙科记录。

proxy n. 代理人；代表

【例】The shareholders can appoint proxies to attend the annual meeting on their behalf.

股东可以指定代理人，代表他们参加年度大会。

【近义词】representative/delegate n. 代表；会议代表

And while jewelry alone is not enough to make a scientific forensic identification, it does have a useful place as what she calls a "secondary identifier."

虽然仅靠珠宝本身不足以进行科学的法医鉴定，但珠宝确实有它的用处，麦克伦南博士将其称为"辅助鉴定物"。

secondary adj. 次要的；辅助的；中等的

【例】be of secondary importance 次要的

secondary schools 中学

【搭配】be secondary to sth 地位次于某事

【反义词】primary adj. 首要的

robust adj. 结实的；强壮的；牢固的

【例】robust economic growth 强劲的经济增长

a robust young man 身强力壮的年轻人

a robust wooden table 结实耐用的木桌

【近义词】durable adj. （物品）耐用的；持久的

outlast v. 比......持续时间长

【例】He can outlast anyone on the dance floor.

在舞场上，他比谁都能跳。

【拓展】out- prefix. 超过

outrun v. 跑得更快；超过

outlive v. 活得更长

outnumber v. 数量更多

"Jewelry is robust," she said. "It can survive a lot of trauma, and sadly it can outlast the human body."

"珠宝很坚固，"她说，"它能承受很多伤害，而且令人悲伤的是，珠宝能比人体留存更久。"

secondary adj. 次要的；辅助的；中等的

【例】be of secondary importance 次要的

secondary schools 中学

【搭配】be secondary to sth 地位次于某事

【反义词】primary adj. 首要的

robust adj. 结实的；强壮的；牢固的

【例】robust economic growth 强劲的经济增长

a robust young man 身强力壮的年轻人

a robust wooden table 结实耐用的木桌

【近义词】durable adj. （物品）耐用的；持久的

outlast v. 比......持续时间长

【例】He can outlast anyone on the dance floor.

在舞场上，他比谁都能跳。

【拓展】out- prefix. 超过

outrun v. 跑得更快；超过

outlive v. 活得更长

outnumber v. 数量更多

In addition to obvious connections such as names or dates engraved on wedding rings, "there could be a physical clue or characteristic on the jewelry that tells us when it was made or purchased, or who it was made by or who it was purchased by," she said.

她说，除了婚戒上刻着的姓名或日期等明显与身份有联系的标志之外，"珠宝也可能有物理线索或者说特征，告诉我们它是什么时候被制作或被购买的，或者是谁制作的，是谁购买的"。

clue n. 线索

【例】The ring may hold some clues to the victim.

戒指可能藏有关于受害人的一些线索。

【搭配】not have a clue 毫无头绪

【例】I don't have a clue who he is.

我完全不知道他是谁。

【拓展】clueless adj. 毫无头绪的

She also noted that jewelry sometimes could be a repository for DNA, pulling off her own chunky silver-ring set with a large citrine and showing it to a visitor.

她还指出，珠宝有时可以作为DNA储存库，她摘下自己戴的一个很大的银戒指，上面镶嵌着一大颗黄水晶，指给访客看。

chunky adj. 大块的；厚实的

【例】chunky dog food 大块大块的狗粮

a chunky sweater 厚实的毛衣

a chunky man 一个大块头的男人

【拓展】chunk n. 大块

【近义词】cumbersome adj. 笨重的

vessel n. 容器；器皿

【例】We used bowls, pots, bottles -- any vessels we could find.

我们用碗、壶、瓶子，任何可以找到的容器。

As a young and spirited politician, he seems a worthy vessel for the nation's hopes.

作为一个年轻、有冲劲的政客，他似乎是承载国家希望的合适人选。

【近义词】container n. 容器

【搭配】blood vessel 血管

"如果你从前面透过水晶看，你可以看到背面有各种各样的黏黏的东西，"她说，"珠宝行业总是告诉我们要清洁珠宝，但从法医的角度来看，如果我们不清洁，珠宝就可以成为非常好的储存DNA的容器。"

chunky adj. 大块的；厚实的

【例】chunky dog food 大块大块的狗粮

a chunky sweater 厚实的毛衣

a chunky man 一个大块头的男人

【拓展】chunk n. 大块

【近义词】cumbersome adj. 笨重的

vessel n. 容器；器皿

【例】We used bowls, pots, bottles -- any vessels we could find.

我们用碗、壶、瓶子，任何可以找到的容器。

As a young and spirited politician, he seems a worthy vessel for the nation's hopes.

作为一个年轻、有冲劲的政客，他似乎是承载国家希望的合适人选。

【近义词】container n. 容器

【搭配】blood vessel 血管

课后练习

What is unique about Maria Maclennan's profession?
A. She works exclusively with precious jewelry.
B. She identifies jewelry for high-profile criminal cases.
C. She crosses the forensic studies with jewelry expertise.
D. She makes up stories based on real disasters.
What aspect of Maria Maclennan's work does she find emotionally challenging?
A. The initial examination of jewelry at crash sites.
B. The detachment required during investigations.
C. The frustration of not being able to save the victims.
D. The process of giving personal items back in the end.
What role does jewelry play in the process of disaster victim identification?
A. It is the primary method for identifying victims.
B. It is additional evidence to support main identifiers.
C. It is sometimes considered inaccurate and misleading.
D. It is more reliable than fingerprints and dental records.
Why is jewelry suitable for identification?
A. It is delicate and easily recognizable.
B. It is clean so that evidence is not contaminated.
C. It contains information about the cause of accidents.
D. It is durable and can retain identifiable features and DNA.