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为什么你应该有律师思维(Why you should think like a lawyer)
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为什么你应该有律师思维
法律思维方式中根深蒂固的条理性和细致性能教给其他知识工作者及其管理者一些道理。
双语精读
Why you should think like a lawyer
为什么你应该像律师一样思考
Lawyers are often seen as the most tedious of professionals. And the most derided ("What do you know when you find a lawyer up to his neck in concrete? Someone ran out of concrete").
律师常被视为是最乏味的专业人士。也是最受嘲笑的（"当你发现一个律师被混凝土埋到脖子时，说明什么？说明某人的混凝土用完了。"）
Yet that damning reputation is undeserved: lawyers are in fact role models. The method and meticulousness entrenched in the legal style of thought has something to teach other knowledge workers and their managers.
然而，这种负面的名声是不公平的：律师实际上是榜样。法律思维方式中根深蒂固的条理性和细致性能教给其他知识工作者及其管理者一些道理。
In "One L", a book about his first year at Harvard Law School, Scott Turow describes the slow, arduous progress of going over his first case as "stirring concrete with his eyelashes".
在《法学院一年级新生》一书中，斯科特·图罗描述了他在哈佛法学院第一年的经历，他将自己首次处理案件的缓慢而艰难的进程描述为"用睫毛搅拌混凝土"。
But legal education is not about specific cases or statutes. It is, as Mr Turow later understands, about processing a mountain of information and exercising judgment.
但是法学教育并非关于某一个具体的案件或法规。而是关于如何处理堆积如山的信息并运用判断力，这一点图罗后来才明白。
It teaches how to infer rules from patterns, use analogies, anticipate what might happen next, accept ambiguity and be ready to question everything.
它教导人们如何从模式中推断出规律，如何进行类推，如何预测接下来可能发生的事情，如何接受模糊性，以及如何准备好质疑一切。
Managers also have something to learn from the adversarial legal system, central to common-law jurisdictions like America's and Britain's, where advocates represent their parties before an impartial arbiter (usually a judge and a jury).
管理者也能从对抗性法律制度中学到一些东西，这种制度是美国和英国等普通法司法审判的核心，在这种司法中，辩护律师在中立的裁决者（通常是法官和陪审团）面前代表他们的当事人。
In preparing for trial, lawyers attempt to identify and rehearse both sides of litigation. By putting themselves in their opponents' shoes they are forced to engage with a line of reasoning with which they may disagree.
在为审判做准备时，律师试图确定并预演诉讼的双方。通过设身处地地站在对手的立场上，他们必须去理解一种他们可能不同意的推理思路。
In so far as managing employees is, like arguing a case before a court, about persuasion, managers would be wise to adopt some of the same tactics. That means avoiding emotional reactions (lawyers may try to appeal to jurors' feelings but they never let their own get in the way).
就像在法庭上辩论案件一样，管理员工也是关于说服他人的，就这方面而言，管理者明智的做法是采用一些和出庭辩论相同的策略。这意味着要避免情绪化的反应（律师可能会试图从情感上打动陪审员，但他们自己绝不会让情绪妨碍工作）。
It also means considering the strongest criticism of their own reasoning. This not only makes their own arguments bulletproof but is liable to look fair in the eyes of employees and fellow managers. (Plus, a friendly but thorough performance review is essentially a mock cross-examination of your witnesses.)
这也意味着要考虑到对他们自己推理的最强烈的批评。这不仅使他们自己的论点无懈可击，而且在员工和其他管理者眼中也会显得公平。（另外，一次友好但彻底的绩效审查本质上就是对你的证人的模拟盘问。）
The purposefulness and heady resolve that characterise most lawyers are attributes that executives, too, should cultivate. There is no room for passivity when something goes wrong, only for action.
大多数律师所特有的目标性和强烈决心也是高管们应该培养的特质。出现问题时，没有被动等待的余地，只能采取行动。
Perhaps the most valuable lesson from lawyers is both the most obvious and the most scorned. The antidote to work anxiety is not taking your mind off work with meditation or Netflix. It is disciplined preparation.
或许从律师那里学到的最有价值的经验，既是最明显的，也是最被人轻视的。应对工作焦虑的解药不是通过冥想或看网飞剧集来转移注意力。而是严格的准备。
词汇预习
emotional [高考]
美[ɪˈmoʊʃənl] | 英[ɪˈməʊʃənl]
adj. 感情的；情绪的
identify [高考]
美[aɪˈdentɪfaɪ] | 英[aɪˈdentɪfaɪ]
v. 鉴定；识别；确认；发现；找到
engage [高考]
美[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] | 英[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ]
v. 答应，预定，使忙碌，雇佣，订婚，啮合；吸引住（注意力、兴趣）
criticism [高考]
美[ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm] | 英[ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm]
n. 批评；评论
resolve [高考]
美[rɪˈzɑːlv] | 英[rɪˈzɒlv]
vt. 解决；决定；表决；分解 vi. 决定；分解 n. 决心；坚决
cultivate [高考]
美[ˈkʌltɪveɪt] | 英[ˈkʌltɪveɪt]
v. 耕作，种植; 培养（品质等）; 结交（朋友）
essentially [高考]
美[ɪˈsenʃəli] | 英[ɪˈsenʃəli]
adv. 本质上；本来
anticipate [高考]
美[ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt] | 英[ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt]
vt. 预期；提前使用；抢 ... 前 vi. 预言
appeal [高考]
美[əˈpiːl] | 英[əˈpiːl]
n. 恳求；呼吁；上诉；吸引力 n. (体育比赛中)诉请裁决 v. 呼吁；有吸引力；求助；诉请
fellow [高考]
美[ˈfeloʊ] | 英[ˈfeləʊ]
n. 家伙；同事；同伴；研究员；校董 adj. 同伴的；同事的；同类的
anxiety [高考]
美[æŋˈzaɪəti] | 英[æŋˈzaɪəti]
n. 焦虑；担心；渴望
obvious [高考]
美[ˈɑːbviəs] | 英[ˈɒbviəs]
adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;自明
reputation [高考]
美[ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn] | 英[ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn]
n. 好名声；声誉，名声，名气
adopt [高考]
美[əˈdɑːpt] | 英[əˈdɒpt]
v. 采用；收养；接受
judgment [高考]
美['dʒʌdʒmənt] | 英['dʒʌdʒmənt]
n. 裁判；判断；判断力；意见；判决书
trial [高考]
美[ˈtraɪəl] | 英[ˈtraɪəl]
n. 审讯；试验；试用；尝试；预赛或选拔赛；讨厌的事；惹麻烦的人 v. 测试
legal [高考]
美[ˈliːɡl] | 英[ˈliːɡl]
adj. 法定的；法律的；合法的
concrete [高考]
美[ˈkɑːŋkriːt] | 英[ˈkɒŋkriːt]
adj. 具体的；实质性的；混凝土的 n. 水泥；混凝土；具体物 v. 凝结；结合
thorough [高考]
美[ˈθɜːroʊ] | 英[ˈθʌrə]
adj. 彻底的；完全的；详尽的；细致深入的
appeal to [高考]
美[əˈpiːl tu] | 英[əˈpiːl tu]
对 ... 产生吸引力； 呼吁； 恳求； 申诉
so far as [高考]
美[soʊ fɑr æz] | 英[səʊ fɑ: æz]
就 ... 而言； 到 ... 程度； 在 ... 范围内
means [高考]
美[miːnz] | 英[miːnz]
n. 方法；手段；收入；财产 v. 意思是，意味（动词mean的第三人称单数）
persuasion [高考]
美[pərˈsweɪʒn] | 英[pəˈsweɪʒn]
n. 说服，劝服；说服力；信仰，信念；教派；某种人（或物）
where [高考]
美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]
adv. 在哪里；在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
tedious [四级]
美[ˈtiːdiəs] | 英[ˈtiːdiəs]
adj. 单调乏味的；沉闷的
liable [四级]
美[ˈlaɪəbl] | 英[ˈlaɪəbl]
adj. 有义务的；应负责的；有 ... 倾向；可能的；易遭受…的，易患…（病）的
jury [四级]
美[ˈdʒʊri] | 英[ˈdʒʊəri]
n. 陪审团；评委会 adj. 临时用的 vt. 挑选
meditation [四级]
美[ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn] | 英[ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn]
n. 沉思；冥想
up to [四级]
美[ʌp tu] | 英[ʌp tu]
胜任；直到；多达；该由 ... 决定
in the way [四级]
美[ɪn ði we] | 英[in ðə wei]
挡道，妨碍某人；[英]在场，在眼前，在附近
liable to [四级]
美[ˈlaɪəbəl tu] | 英[ˈlaiəbl tu:]
adj. 易于 ... 的； 有 ... 的倾向
considering [四级]
美[kənˈsɪdərɪŋ] | 英[kənˈsɪdərɪŋ]
prep. 鉴于； 考虑到 conj. 就 ... 而言
impartial [六级]
美[ɪmˈpɑːrʃl] | 英[ɪmˈpɑːʃl]
adj. 公正的；不偏不倚的
mock [六级]
美[mɑːk] | 英[mɒk]
v. 嘲弄；嘲笑；模仿 n. 嘲笑；模仿；戏弄 adj. 假的；伪装的；模拟的
out of [六级]
美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]
prep. 离…一段距离；从…里；离开 ...；出于
rehearse [六级]
美[rɪˈhɜːrs] | 英[rɪˈhɜːs]
vt. 预演；排演；预先演习；详述；复述 vi. 参加彩排
tactics [专四]
美[ˈtæktɪks] | 英[ˈtæktɪks]
n. 策略；战术
ambiguity [专四]
美[ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti] | 英[ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti]
n. 模棱两可；含糊不清
antidote [专八]
美[ˈæntidoʊt] | 英[ˈæntidəʊt]
n. 解毒剂；解药；对抗手段
arbiter [专八]
美[ˈɑrbɪtə(r)] | 英[ˈɑ:bɪtə(r)]
n. 仲裁人；主宰者
heady [专八]
美[ˈhedi] | 英[ˈhedi]
adj. 兴奋的；任性的；性急的；顽固的；使人头晕的；令人陶醉的 n. (Heady)人名；(英)黑迪
arduous [专八]
美[ˈɑːrdʒuəs] | 英[ˈɑːdjuəs]
adj. 费力的；辛勤的；险峻的
characterise [考研]
美['kærɪktəˌraɪz] | 英['kærɪktəraɪz]
vt. 表示 ... 的特征； 描述 ... 的特征
重点讲解
Why you should think like a lawyer
为什么你应该像律师一样思考
deride v. 嘲笑；嘲讽
【例】They derided my efforts as childish.
他们笑我, 说我的努力是幼稚的举动。
【近义词】laugh at 嘲笑
mock v. 嘲笑；嘲讽
【拓展】derision n. 嘲笑
【辨析】diversion n. 转移注意力；使分心
Lawyers are often seen as the most tedious of professionals. And the most derided ("What do you know when you find a lawyer up to his neck in concrete? Someone ran out of concrete").
律师常被视为是最乏味的专业人士。也是最受嘲笑的（"当你发现一个律师被混凝土埋到脖子时，说明什么？说明某人的混凝土用完了。"）
deride v. 嘲笑；嘲讽
【例】They derided my efforts as childish.
他们笑我, 说我的努力是幼稚的举动。
【近义词】laugh at 嘲笑
mock v. 嘲笑；嘲讽
【拓展】derision n. 嘲笑
【辨析】diversion n. 转移注意力；使分心
Yet that damning reputation is undeserved: lawyers are in fact role models. The method and meticulousness entrenched in the legal style of thought has something to teach other knowledge workers and their managers.
然而，这种负面的名声是不公平的：律师实际上是榜样。法律思维方式中根深蒂固的条理性和细致性能教给其他知识工作者及其管理者一些道理。
method n.
1. 方法
【例】the research method 研究方法
【近义词】methodology n. 方法；方法论
2. 条理性；有条不紊
【例】The book is completely lacking in method.
这本书完全缺乏条理。
【近义词】orderliness n. 条理
In "One L", a book about his first year at Harvard Law School, Scott Turow describes the slow, arduous progress of going over his first case as "stirring concrete with his eyelashes".
在《法学院一年级新生》一书中，斯科特·图罗描述了他在哈佛法学院第一年的经历，他将自己首次处理案件的缓慢而艰难的进程描述为"用睫毛搅拌混凝土"。
arduous adj. 艰苦的；艰难的
【例】Her arduous journey through the desert tested her endurance.
她穿越沙漠的艰难旅程考验了她的耐力。
【辨析】ardour n. 热情；激情
【近义词】hard/difficult adj. 困难的
demanding/taxing adj. 要求高的；繁重的
exercise v. 行使；运用
【例】to exercise your imagination 运用你的想象力
to exercise your rights 行使你的权利
【近义词】use/employ v. 运用；使用
But legal education is not about specific cases or statutes. It is, as Mr Turow later understands, about processing a mountain of information and exercising judgment.
但是法学教育并非关于某一个具体的案件或法规。而是关于如何处理堆积如山的信息并运用判断力，这一点图罗后来才明白。
arduous adj. 艰苦的；艰难的
【例】Her arduous journey through the desert tested her endurance.
她穿越沙漠的艰难旅程考验了她的耐力。
【辨析】ardour n. 热情；激情
【近义词】hard/difficult adj. 困难的
demanding/taxing adj. 要求高的；繁重的
exercise v. 行使；运用
【例】to exercise your imagination 运用你的想象力
to exercise your rights 行使你的权利
【近义词】use/employ v. 运用；使用
It teaches how to infer rules from patterns, use analogies, anticipate what might happen next, accept ambiguity and be ready to question everything.
它教导人们如何从模式中推断出规律，如何进行类推，如何预测接下来可能发生的事情，如何接受模糊性，以及如何准备好质疑一切。
pattern n.
1. 图案
【例】a floral pattern 花卉图案
2. 模式；规律
【例】The murders all seem to follow a similar pattern.
这些凶杀案似乎都是同样的手法。
【反义词】randomness n. 随机性
oddity n. 无规律；反常
adversarial adj. 敌对的；对抗的
【例】In an adversarial system of justice, the prosecution and defense are opponents.
在对抗性法律制度中，原告与被告是敌对的。
The relationship between the two companies became increasingly adversarial after the lawsuit.
两家公司在打了官司后关系变得愈发敌对。
【拓展】adversary n. 敌手；对手
【辨析】adverse adj. 不利的；有害的
adversity n. 逆境；困境
impartial adj. 不偏不倚的；公正的
【例】Journalists should strive to remain impartial when reporting the news.
记者在报道新闻时应该尽力做到客观中立。
【反义词】partial adj. 部分的；偏袒的
【近义词】unbiased/neutral adj. 中立的
Managers also have something to learn from the adversarial legal system, central to common-law jurisdictions like America's and Britain's, where advocates represent their parties before an impartial arbiter (usually a judge and a jury).
管理者也能从对抗性法律制度中学到一些东西，这种制度是美国和英国等普通法司法审判的核心，在这种司法中，辩护律师在中立的裁决者（通常是法官和陪审团）面前代表他们的当事人。
pattern n.
1. 图案
【例】a floral pattern 花卉图案
2. 模式；规律
【例】The murders all seem to follow a similar pattern.
这些凶杀案似乎都是同样的手法。
【反义词】randomness n. 随机性
oddity n. 无规律；反常
adversarial adj. 敌对的；对抗的
【例】In an adversarial system of justice, the prosecution and defense are opponents.
在对抗性法律制度中，原告与被告是敌对的。
The relationship between the two companies became increasingly adversarial after the lawsuit.
两家公司在打了官司后关系变得愈发敌对。
【拓展】adversary n. 敌手；对手
【辨析】adverse adj. 不利的；有害的
adversity n. 逆境；困境
impartial adj. 不偏不倚的；公正的
【例】Journalists should strive to remain impartial when reporting the news.
记者在报道新闻时应该尽力做到客观中立。
【反义词】partial adj. 部分的；偏袒的
【近义词】unbiased/neutral adj. 中立的
In preparing for trial, lawyers attempt to identify and rehearse both sides of litigation. By putting themselves in their opponents' shoes they are forced to engage with a line of reasoning with which they may disagree.
在为审判做准备时，律师试图确定并预演诉讼的双方。通过设身处地地站在对手的立场上，他们必须去理解一种他们可能不同意的推理思路。
engage with 尽力理解；建立密切联系
【例】She has the ability to engage with young minds.
她能够与年轻人心意相通。
【拓展】engage in sth 参加某活动
【例】to engage in criminal activities 从事犯罪活动
in so far as 在......范围
【例】The plan is feasible in so far as we have the necessary resources.
我们有所需的资源，从这个方面看，计划是可行的。
in so far as I know 就我所知
emotional adj.
1. 与情感相关的
【例】emotional needs 情感需求
2. 感情冲动的；情绪化的
【例】He tends to get emotional on these occasions.
他在这些场合往往容易感情冲动。
【近义词】sentimental adj. 情感上的；多愁善感的
In so far as managing employees is, like arguing a case before a court, about persuasion, managers would be wise to adopt some of the same tactics. That means avoiding emotional reactions (lawyers may try to appeal to jurors' feelings but they never let their own get in the way).
就像在法庭上辩论案件一样，管理员工也是关于说服他人的，就这方面而言，管理者明智的做法是采用一些和出庭辩论相同的策略。这意味着要避免情绪化的反应（律师可能会试图从情感上打动陪审员，但他们自己绝不会让情绪妨碍工作）。
engage with 尽力理解；建立密切联系
【例】She has the ability to engage with young minds.
她能够与年轻人心意相通。
【拓展】engage in sth 参加某活动
【例】to engage in criminal activities 从事犯罪活动
in so far as 在......范围
【例】The plan is feasible in so far as we have the necessary resources.
我们有所需的资源，从这个方面看，计划是可行的。
in so far as I know 就我所知
emotional adj.
1. 与情感相关的
【例】emotional needs 情感需求
2. 感情冲动的；情绪化的
【例】He tends to get emotional on these occasions.
他在这些场合往往容易感情冲动。
【近义词】sentimental adj. 情感上的；多愁善感的
It also means considering the strongest criticism of their own reasoning. This not only makes their own arguments bulletproof but is liable to look fair in the eyes of employees and fellow managers. (Plus, a friendly but thorough performance review is essentially a mock cross-examination of your witnesses.)
这也意味着要考虑到对他们自己推理的最强烈的批评。这不仅使他们自己的论点无懈可击，而且在员工和其他管理者眼中也会显得公平。（另外，一次友好但彻底的绩效审查本质上就是对你的证人的模拟盘问。）
be liable to
1. 负有法律责任的
【例】You will be liable for any damage caused.
你必须对造成的任何损失负赔偿责任。
【拓展】liability n. 法律责任；不利条件
2. 有可能的
【例】We are all liable to make mistakes.
我们都可能会犯错误。
【近义词】be likely to/be prone to 有可能；有某种倾向
The purposefulness and heady resolve that characterise most lawyers are attributes that executives, too, should cultivate. There is no room for passivity when something goes wrong, only for action.
大多数律师所特有的目标性和强烈决心也是高管们应该培养的特质。出现问题时，没有被动等待的余地，只能采取行动。
attribute v. & n.
1. 作动词：把......归因于
【例】She attributes her success to hard work.
她把她的成功归因于努力。
2. 作名词：属性；特征
【例】Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher.
耐心是教师最重要的品质之一。
【近义词】characteristic/feature/quality n. 特点；特质
antidote n. 解药；对抗手段
【例】an antidote to stress 消除压力的办法
【近义词】remedy n. 补救措施；处理办法
cure n. 解决办法；对策
discipline n. & v.
1. 作名词：纪律
【例】to keep/observe discipline in the classroom
维持/遵守课堂纪律
2. 作动词：惩罚；管教
【例】to discipline the children 管教子女
to discipline yourself 自律
【拓展】disciplined adj. 纪律严明的；严格的
【例】a disciplined approach to work 严格的工作态度
Perhaps the most valuable lesson from lawyers is both the most obvious and the most scorned. The antidote to work anxiety is not taking your mind off work with meditation or Netflix. It is disciplined preparation.
或许从律师那里学到的最有价值的经验，既是最明显的，也是最被人轻视的。应对工作焦虑的解药不是通过冥想或看网飞剧集来转移注意力。而是严格的准备。
attribute v. & n.
1. 作动词：把......归因于
【例】She attributes her success to hard work.
她把她的成功归因于努力。
2. 作名词：属性；特征
【例】Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher.
耐心是教师最重要的品质之一。
【近义词】characteristic/feature/quality n. 特点；特质
antidote n. 解药；对抗手段
【例】an antidote to stress 消除压力的办法
【近义词】remedy n. 补救措施；处理办法
cure n. 解决办法；对策
discipline n. & v.
1. 作名词：纪律
【例】to keep/observe discipline in the classroom
维持/遵守课堂纪律
2. 作动词：惩罚；管教
【例】to discipline the children 管教子女
to discipline yourself 自律
【拓展】disciplined adj. 纪律严明的；严格的
【例】a disciplined approach to work 严格的工作态度
课后练习
What does Scott Turow ultimately realize about legal education?
A. It focuses on understanding specific cases and statutes.
B. It is about dealing with a large amount of information.
C. It is about finishing arduous tasks in spite of difficulties.
D. It primarily involves physical labor and perseverance.
What lesson can managers learn from the adversarial legal system?
A. The value of considering opposing viewpoints.
B. The need to rehearse and prepare their speeches.
C. The importance of sticking to their initial opinions.
D. The necessity of basing their arguments on evidence.
What is the most valuable lesson that executives can learn from lawyers?
A. The need for caution when something goes wrong.
B. The importance of taking breaks in face of stress.
C. The effectiveness of setting ambitious goals.
D. The value of making proper preparation.
Even though the dessert looked delicious, she decided to ____ self-control and chose a healthier option instead.
A. discipline
B. adopt
C. implement
D. exercise
