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如何与他人有效沟通
- Authors
成为优秀的沟通者往往与一种技能混为一谈：说服力。
双语精读
Successful workplaces are usually characterised by good communication. Bosses provide a clear sense of where they want the firm to go; employees feel able to voice disagreements; colleagues share information rather than hoarding it.
高效成功的工作场所通常以良好的沟通为特征。老板们清楚地表明他们希望公司走向何方，员工们感觉自己能够表达不同意见，同事们分享信息而不是把信息隐藏起来。
But being a good communicator is too often conflated with one particular skill: speaking persuasively.
但是，成为优秀的沟通者往往与一种技能混为一谈：说服力。
A focus on talking is understandable. The set-piece moments of careers, like job interviews and big presentations, are about transmitting information.
强调能说会道是可以理解的。职业生涯中的固定时刻，比如求职面试和大型演示，都是关于传递信息。
The boss gets to be at the podium, the minions get to be in the audience. Videos of someone giving a speech are much more shareable than someone silently nodding.
老板是站在讲台上的，小兵们是坐在观众席里的。一个人在演讲的视频比一个人在默默点头的视频更值得分享。
But interest in what makes everyday communication tick has also risen, as the importance of teams grows and as conceptions of leadership increasingly emphasise softer skills.
但是，随着团队的重要性提高，以及关于领导力的概念越来越强调软技能，人们对于什么让日常沟通起作用也越来越感兴趣。
Recent research by Beau Sievers of Stanford University and his co-authors asked groups of MBA students to discuss the meaning of ambiguous film clips.
在斯坦福大学的博·西弗斯及其合著者最近的一项研究中，他们让几组MBA学生讨论一些意义模糊的视频片段有何含义。
The presence of people perceived to be of high status seemed to impede consensus: these folk spoke more and were readier to reject the explanations of others.
被认为地位较高的人的存在似乎阻碍了组员达成共识：这些人发言更多，更喜欢反驳其他人的解释。
Groups that reached consensus were more likely to have a different character in them: people who were well-connected but not dominant, who asked lots of questions and who encouraged interaction.
达成共识的小组更有可能有一个性格不同的组员：这种人与组员联系紧密，但不占主导地位，会提出很多问题，鼓励组员进行互动。
They made everything align-even the neural activity of their groups.
他们让一切保持一致，甚至包括组员的神经活动。
Mr Sievers's research features in "Supercommunicators", a new book by Charles Duhigg, a journalist at the New Yorker. Mr Duhigg looks at how some people forge stronger connections with others and at the techniques for having better conversations.
西弗斯的这项研究出现在《纽约客》记者查尔斯·杜希格的新书《超级沟通者》中。杜希格研究了一些人如何与他人建立更牢固的联系，以及让对话更顺畅的技巧。
His canvas ranges more widely than the workplace but some of its lessons are applicable there. One chapter tells the story of the Fast Friends Procedure, a set of 36 increasingly intimate questions that are particularly effective at turning strangers into friends.
杜希格的研究范围超越了工作场所，但一些经验也适用于工作。其中一章讲述了“快速交友程序”的故事，“快速交友程序”是36个私密程度逐渐上升的问题，在将陌生人变成朋友方面特别有效。
Mr Duhigg's advice can seem obvious at times. And his examples do not always translate to the workplace. But his book is a useful reminder that demonstrable curiosity about other people's experiences and ideas can benefit everyone.
杜希格的建议有时似乎不言而喻。而且他的例子并不总是适用于工作场所。但杜希格的书是一个有用的提醒：对其他人的经历和想法表现出好奇心可以让每个人受益。
Asking questions, not cutting people off, pausing to digest what someone has said rather than pouncing on breaks in a discussion to make your own point: these are not enough to qualify someone as a supercommunicator. But in plenty of organisations they would still represent good progress.
问问题而不是打断别人，停下来消化别人说的话，而不是抓住讨论间隙提出自己的观点：这些都不足以让一个人有资格成为超级沟通者。但在许多组织中，这些行为仍代表着良好的进步。
词汇预习
effective [高考]
美[ɪˈfektɪv] | 英[ɪˈfektɪv]
adj. 有效的；生效的；实际的
particularly [高考]
美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]
adv. 特别；尤其；详细地
increasingly [高考]
美[ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli] | 英[ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli]
adv. 逐渐地；越来越多地
curiosity [高考]
美[ˌkjʊriˈɑːsəti] | 英[ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti]
n. 好奇心；好奇；稀奇的人或物
interaction [高考]
美[ˌɪntəˈrækʃən] | 英[ˌɪntərˈækʃən]
n. 相互作用；相互影响；互动交流
presence [高考]
美[ˈprezns] | 英[ˈprezns]
n. 出席；存在；到场；【生】存在度
qualify [高考]
美[ˈkwɑːlɪfaɪ] | 英[ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ]
v.（使)有资格/权利; 达到标准; 可算作是; 限定
understandable [高考]
美[ˌʌndərˈstændəbl] | 英[ˌʌndəˈstændəbl]
adj. 可理解的；能够懂的
reminder [高考]
美[rɪˈmaɪndər] | 英[rɪˈmaɪndə(r)]
n. 提醒物；提示；催单
intimate [高考]
美[ˈɪntɪmət , ˈɪntɪmeɪt] | 英[ˈɪntɪmət , ˈɪntɪmeɪt]
adj. 亲密的；私人的；关系紧密的 vt. 暗示；透露 n. 密友
dominant [高考]
美[ˈdɑːmɪnənt] | 英[ˈdɒmɪnənt]
adj. 主要的；占优势的；显性的 n. 主宰者；显性基因
status [高考]
美[ˈsteɪtəs , ˈstætəs] | 英[ˈsteɪtəs]
n. 地位；情形；状况，状态；身份
obvious [高考]
美[ˈɑːbviəs] | 英[ˈɒbviəs]
adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;自明
reject [高考]
美[rɪˈdʒekt , ˈriːdʒekt] | 英[rɪˈdʒekt , ˈriːdʒekt]
vt. 拒绝；排斥；驳回；丢弃 n. 不合格产品；被拒之人
journalist [高考]
美[ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪst] | 英[ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst]
n. 记者；新闻工作者
chapter [高考]
美[ˈtʃæptər] | 英[ˈtʃæptə(r)]
n. 章，回，（俱乐部、协会等的）分会 vt. 把…分成章节
ambiguous [高考]
美[æmˈbɪɡjuəs] | 英[æmˈbɪɡjuəs]
adj. 模棱两可的；含糊不清的
digest [高考]
美[daɪˈdʒest , ˈdaɪdʒest] | 英[daɪˈdʒest , ˈdaɪdʒest]
n. 摘要 vt. 消化；理解 vi. 消化
tick [高考]
美[tɪk] | 英[tɪk]
v. 滴答作响；给…标记号；运作；空转 n. 滴答声；一会儿；勾号；壁虱；蜱虫；枕套；褥套；[英口]赊欠
consensus [高考]
美[kənˈsensəs] | 英[kənˈsensəs]
n. 一致；同意；共识
at times [高考]
美[æt taɪmz] | 英[æt taɪmz]
有时；偶尔
canvas [高考]
美[ˈkænvəs] | 英[ˈkænvəs]
n. 油画；帆布；（帆布）画布
workplace [高考]
美[ˈwɜːrkpleɪs] | 英[ˈwɜːkpleɪs]
n. 工作场所
turning [高考]
美[ˈtɜːrnɪŋ] | 英[ˈtɜːnɪŋ]
n. 旋转；回转；转向
where [高考]
美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]
adv. 在哪里；在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
applicable [四级]
美[ˈæplɪkəbl , əˈplɪkəbl] | 英[əˈplɪkəbl , ˈæplɪkəbl]
adj. 合适的；适用的；可应用的
neural [四级]
美[ˈnʊrəl] | 英[ˈnjʊərəl]
adj. 神经的
forge [四级]
美[fɔːrdʒ] | 英[fɔːdʒ]
vt. 锻造；伪造；建立 vi. 伪造；做铁匠 n. 锻炉；铁匠铺；锻造车间
align [六级]
美[əˈlaɪn] | 英[əˈlaɪn]
vt. 使结盟；使一致；使成一行；调整；排列 vi. 成一条线
impede [专八]
美[ɪmˈpiːd] | 英[ɪmˈpiːd]
vt. 妨碍；阻止
demonstrable [专八]
美[dɪˈmɑnstrəbl] | 英[dɪˈmɒnstrəbl]
adj. 可论证的；显而易见的
well-connected [考研]
美['welkən'ektɪd] | 英['welkən'ektɪd]
adj. 精心构思的；出身名门的；有好亲戚的；血统关系好的
persuasively [托福]
美[pə'sweɪsɪvlɪ] | 英[pə'sweɪsɪvlɪ]
adv. 有说服力的；口才好地
podium [托福]
美[ ˈpoʊdiəm] | 英[ ˈpəʊdiəm]
n. 讲台；（乐队）指挥台；建筑物的墩座；矮墙 n. [生]管足
重点讲解
Successful workplaces are usually characterised by good communication. Bosses provide a clear sense of where they want the firm to go; employees feel able to voice disagreements; colleagues share information rather than hoarding it.
高效成功的工作场所通常以良好的沟通为特征。老板们清楚地表明他们希望公司走向何方，员工们感觉自己能够表达不同意见，同事们分享信息而不是把信息隐藏起来。
characterise v. 是……的特征
【例】The city is characterised by tall buildings.
这座城市的特点是高层建筑。
Tall buildings characterise the city.
高层建筑是这座城市的特点。
【近义词】feature v. 有……特点
【例】The city features tall buildings.
这座城市的特点是高层建筑。
【拓展】characteristic n. 特点；特征
hoard v. 囤积；秘藏
【例】Many people hoarded food in wartime.
许多人在打仗的时候会囤积粮食。
She hoarded dirty bottles, old newspapers, even plastic bags.
她囤积脏瓶子、旧报纸，甚至塑料袋。
conflate v. 混淆；混为一谈
【例】to conflate different concepts
把不同的概念混淆
【近义词】confuse/mix up 混淆
But being a good communicator is too often conflated with one particular skill: speaking persuasively.
但是，成为优秀的沟通者往往与一种技能混为一谈：说服力。
characterise v. 是……的特征
【例】The city is characterised by tall buildings.
这座城市的特点是高层建筑。
Tall buildings characterise the city.
高层建筑是这座城市的特点。
【近义词】feature v. 有……特点
【例】The city features tall buildings.
这座城市的特点是高层建筑。
【拓展】characteristic n. 特点；特征
hoard v. 囤积；秘藏
【例】Many people hoarded food in wartime.
许多人在打仗的时候会囤积粮食。
She hoarded dirty bottles, old newspapers, even plastic bags.
她囤积脏瓶子、旧报纸，甚至塑料袋。
conflate v. 混淆；混为一谈
【例】to conflate different concepts
把不同的概念混淆
【近义词】confuse/mix up 混淆
A focus on talking is understandable. The set-piece moments of careers, like job interviews and big presentations, are about transmitting information.
强调能说会道是可以理解的。职业生涯中的固定时刻，比如求职面试和大型演示，都是关于传递信息。
set piece n. 固定套路
【例】This debate is something of an annual set piece.
这场辩论几乎是每年的固定节目。
tick v. 发出滴答声；起作用
【例】I don't know what makes a computer tick.
我不懂计算机的工作原理。
【搭配】what makes sb tick 让某人这样做的原因；某人做事的动机
【例】As a teacher, you need to get to know your students, find out what makes them tick.
作为老师，你要了解学生，弄清楚什么能让他们学习。
The boss gets to be at the podium, the minions get to be in the audience. Videos of someone giving a speech are much more shareable than someone silently nodding.
老板是站在讲台上的，小兵们是坐在观众席里的。一个人在演讲的视频比一个人在默默点头的视频更值得分享。
set piece n. 固定套路
【例】This debate is something of an annual set piece.
这场辩论几乎是每年的固定节目。
tick v. 发出滴答声；起作用
【例】I don't know what makes a computer tick.
我不懂计算机的工作原理。
【搭配】what makes sb tick 让某人这样做的原因；某人做事的动机
【例】As a teacher, you need to get to know your students, find out what makes them tick.
作为老师，你要了解学生，弄清楚什么能让他们学习。
But interest in what makes everyday communication tick has also risen, as the importance of teams grows and as conceptions of leadership increasingly emphasise softer skills.
但是，随着团队的重要性提高，以及关于领导力的概念越来越强调软技能，人们对于什么让日常沟通起作用也越来越感兴趣。
set piece n. 固定套路
【例】This debate is something of an annual set piece.
这场辩论几乎是每年的固定节目。
tick v. 发出滴答声；起作用
【例】I don't know what makes a computer tick.
我不懂计算机的工作原理。
【搭配】what makes sb tick 让某人这样做的原因；某人做事的动机
【例】As a teacher, you need to get to know your students, find out what makes them tick.
作为老师，你要了解学生，弄清楚什么能让他们学习。
Recent research by Beau Sievers of Stanford University and his co-authors asked groups of MBA students to discuss the meaning of ambiguous film clips.
在斯坦福大学的博·西弗斯及其合著者最近的一项研究中，他们让几组MBA学生讨论一些意义模糊的视频片段有何含义。
ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的
【例】an ambiguous sentence
有歧义的句子
an ambiguous ending of the story
有多种可能性的故事结局
【辨析】vague adj. 不清楚的；模糊的
【拓展】ambivalent adj. 好坏参半的
impede v. 阻碍；阻止
【例】Heavy snowfall can impede traffic and cause delays.
大雪可能会阻碍交通，导致延误。
【近义词】prevent/hinder/hamper v. 阻碍；阻止
【拓展】impediment n. 阻碍；障碍
The presence of people perceived to be of high status seemed to impede consensus: these folk spoke more and were readier to reject the explanations of others.
被认为地位较高的人的存在似乎阻碍了组员达成共识：这些人发言更多，更喜欢反驳其他人的解释。
ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的
【例】an ambiguous sentence
有歧义的句子
an ambiguous ending of the story
有多种可能性的故事结局
【辨析】vague adj. 不清楚的；模糊的
【拓展】ambivalent adj. 好坏参半的
impede v. 阻碍；阻止
【例】Heavy snowfall can impede traffic and cause delays.
大雪可能会阻碍交通，导致延误。
【近义词】prevent/hinder/hamper v. 阻碍；阻止
【拓展】impediment n. 阻碍；障碍
Groups that reached consensus were more likely to have a different character in them: people who were well-connected but not dominant, who asked lots of questions and who encouraged interaction.
达成共识的小组更有可能有一个性格不同的组员：这种人与组员联系紧密，但不占主导地位，会提出很多问题，鼓励组员进行互动。
well-connected adj. 交友广泛；人脉广的
【例】Thanks to her well-connected mentor, she was able to secure an internship at a prestigious company.
因为她的导师人脉很广，所以她得到了一家知名公司的实习机会。
【拓展】connection n. 关系；人脉
【例】some connections in business/Paris 商界的/巴黎的人脉
【拓展】popular adj. 人缘好的
network v. 建立人脉
sociable adj. 爱交际的；和群的
align v. 对齐；使一致
【例】Our goals align.
我们的目标一致。
My goal aligns with yours.
我的目标和你的目标是一致的。
They made everything align—even the neural activity of their groups.
他们让一切保持一致，甚至包括组员的神经活动。
well-connected adj. 交友广泛；人脉广的
【例】Thanks to her well-connected mentor, she was able to secure an internship at a prestigious company.
因为她的导师人脉很广，所以她得到了一家知名公司的实习机会。
【拓展】connection n. 关系；人脉
【例】some connections in business/Paris 商界的/巴黎的人脉
【拓展】popular adj. 人缘好的
network v. 建立人脉
sociable adj. 爱交际的；和群的
align v. 对齐；使一致
【例】Our goals align.
我们的目标一致。
My goal aligns with yours.
我的目标和你的目标是一致的。
Mr Sievers’s research features in “Supercommunicators”, a new book by Charles Duhigg, a journalist at the New Yorker. Mr Duhigg looks at how some people forge stronger connections with others and at the techniques for having better conversations.
西弗斯的这项研究出现在《纽约客》记者查尔斯·杜希格的新书《超级沟通者》中。杜希格研究了一些人如何与他人建立更牢固的联系，以及让对话更顺畅的技巧。
range v. 涉及
【例】The summit ranges widely.
峰会议题广泛。
Prices range from 75.
价格从25至75美元不等。
【近义词】span v. 横跨；涵盖（多项内容）
His canvas ranges more widely than the workplace but some of its lessons are applicable there. One chapter tells the story of the Fast Friends Procedure, a set of 36 increasingly intimate questions that are particularly effective at turning strangers into friends.
杜希格的研究范围超越了工作场所，但一些经验也适用于工作。其中一章讲述了“快速交友程序”的故事，“快速交友程序”是36个私密程度逐渐上升的问题，在将陌生人变成朋友方面特别有效。
range v. 涉及
【例】The summit ranges widely.
峰会议题广泛。
Prices range from 75.
价格从25至75美元不等。
【近义词】span v. 横跨；涵盖（多项内容）
Mr Duhigg’s advice can seem obvious at times. And his examples do not always translate to the workplace. But his book is a useful reminder that demonstrable curiosity about other people’s experiences and ideas can benefit everyone.
杜希格的建议有时似乎不言而喻。而且他的例子并不总是适用于工作场所。但杜希格的书是一个有用的提醒：对其他人的经历和想法表现出好奇心可以让每个人受益。
pounce on sth
1. 猛扑
【例】The cat pounced on the mouse.
猫向老鼠猛扑过去。
2. 抓住并利用
【例】to pounce on the opportunity
迅速抓住机会
【近义词】seize on 抓住
Asking questions, not cutting people off, pausing to digest what someone has said rather than pouncing on breaks in a discussion to make your own point: these are not enough to qualify someone as a supercommunicator. But in plenty of organisations they would still represent good progress.
问问题而不是打断别人，停下来消化别人说的话，而不是抓住讨论间隙提出自己的观点：这些都不足以让一个人有资格成为超级沟通者。但在许多组织中，这些行为仍代表着良好的进步。
pounce on sth
1. 猛扑
【例】The cat pounced on the mouse.
猫向老鼠猛扑过去。
2. 抓住并利用
【例】to pounce on the opportunity
迅速抓住机会
【近义词】seize on 抓住
课后练习
What does the author think about persuasive speaking skills?
A. They are just one aspect of good communication.
B. They are important for bosses rather than minions.
C. They are not necessary for successful communication.
D. They are the most important part of effective communication.
According to the research, what approach can help reach consensus among people?
A. Letting high-status individuals lead the discussion.
B. Pointing out the mistakes in people’s arguments.
C. Giving favorable comments on everyone’s points of view.
D. Encouraging people to speak and coordinating the interaction.
What is the main purpose of the Fast Friends Procedure?
A. To provide a technique for improving workplace efficiency.
B. To illustrate a method to help strangers know about each other.
C. To offer a standard set of questions for everyday workplace interaction.
D. To give inspiration to those who can’t think of things to say to a stranger.
Which of the following is beneficial for improving communication according to the text?
A. Coming up with creative topics to keep the conversation going.
B. Avoiding asking questions to maintain a smooth conversation flow.
C. Becoming a supercommunicator by mastering communication theories.
D. Taking an interest in other people through active listening and engagement.