- Published on
如果人工智能解决一切，人类要做什么？
- Authors
当科技解决了人类最深层次的问题之后，还有什么可做？
双语精读
Utopian dystopia: What will humans do if artificial intelligence solves everything?
乌托邦式的反乌托邦：如果人工智能解决了一切问题，人类要做什么？
When technology has solved humanity's deepest problems, what is left to do?
当科技解决了人类最深层次的问题之后，还有什么可做？
That is one question considered in a new publication by Nick Bostrom, a philosopher at the University of Oxford, whose last book argued that humanity faced a one-in-six chance of being wiped out in the next 100 years, perhaps owing to the development of dangerous forms of artificial intelligence (AI).
这是牛津大学哲学家尼克·博斯特罗姆在一本新书中考虑的一个问题，博斯特罗姆的上一本书认为，人类有六分之一的概率会在未来100年内灭绝，这可能是因为危险型人工智能的发展。
In Mr Bostrom's latest book, "Deep Utopia", he considers a rather different outcome. What happens if AI goes extraordinarily well?
在博斯特罗姆的新书《深度乌托邦》中，他考虑了一个完全不同的结果。如果人工智能进展得非常顺利，会发生什么？
Under one scenario Mr Bostrom contemplates, the technology progresses to the point at which it can do all economically valuable work at near-zero cost.
在博斯特罗姆设想的一种情况下，人工智能进步到了可以几乎零成本完成所有有经济价值的工作的地步。
Under a yet more radical scenario, even tasks that you might think would be reserved for humans, such as parenting, can be done better by AI.
在一种更极端的情况下，即使是你认为是人类独有的任务，比如育儿，也可以由人工智能更好地完成。
"Positional goods", which boost the status of their owners, are also still likely to exist and are, by their nature, scarce.
“地位商品”可以提升所有者的地位，这种商品也可能仍然存在，而且从本质上讲，它们是稀缺的。
Even if AIs surpass humans in art, intellect, music and sport, humans will probably continue to derive value from surpassing their fellow humans, for example by having tickets to the hottest events.
即使人工智能在艺术、智力、音乐和体育方面超过人类，人类也可能继续从超越人类同胞中获得价值，例如，拥有最热门赛事的门票。
In 1977 Fred Hirsch, an economist, argued in "The Social Limits to Growth" that, as wealth increases, a greater fraction of human desire consists of positional goods.
1977年，经济学家弗雷德·赫希在《增长的社会极限》一书中指出，随着财富的增加，地位商品在人类欲望中所占的比例越来越大。
Time spent competing goes up, the price of such goods increases and so their share of GDP rises. This pattern may continue in an AI utopia.
花在竞争上的时间增加了，这类商品的价格也增加了，因此它们在GDP中的份额也增加了。这种模式可能会在人工智能乌托邦中继续下去。
Several groups in society today give us a sense of how future humans might spend their time.
当今社会中的几个群体让我们对未来人类可能如何度过他们的时间有了一点体会。
Aristocrats and bohemians enjoy the arts. Monastics live within themselves. Athletes spend their lives on sport. The retired dabble in all these pursuits.
贵族和波西米亚人喜欢艺术。僧侣们生活在自己的内心世界。运动员把他们的一生都花在体育运动上。退休的人所有这些爱好都沾一点。
These dynamics suggest a "paradox of progress". Although most humans want a better world, if tech becomes too advanced, they may lose purpose.
这些动态表明了一种“进步悖论”。虽然大多数人想要一个更美好的世界，但如果技术变得过于先进，他们可能会失去目标。
Mr Bostrom argues that most people would still enjoy activities that have intrinsic value, such as eating tasty food.
博斯特罗姆认为，大多数人仍然会喜欢有内在价值的活动，比如吃美味的食物。
Utopians, believing life had become too easy, might decide to challenge themselves, perhaps by colonising a new planet to try to re-engineer civilisation from scratch.
乌托邦主义者认为生活已经变得太容易了，他们可能会决定挑战自己，也许是去殖民一个新的星球，试图从头开始重新设计文明。
At some point, however, even such adventures might cease to feel worthwhile.
然而，在某个时候，即使是这样的冒险也可能失去了价值感。
It is an open question how long humans would be happy hopping between passions, as Peer does in "Permutation City".
人类通过不断地换爱好能快乐多久，就像佩尔在《置换城市》中的行为那样，这是一个悬而未决的问题。
Economists have long believed that humans have "unlimited wants and desires", suggesting there are endless variations on things people would like to consume.
经济学家长期以来一直认为，人类拥有“无限的愿望和欲望”，这意味着人们想要消费的东西有无穷无尽的变化。
With the arrival of an AI utopia, this would be put to the test. Quite a lot would ride on the result.
随着人工智能乌托邦的到来，这一点将受到考验。未来的很多事情将取决于考验的结果。
词汇预习
Oxford [高考]
美[ˈɑːksfərd] | 英[ˈɒksfəd]
n. 牛津城；牛津大学；牛津布；牛津鞋
unlimited [高考]
美[ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd] | 英[ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd]
adj. (数或量)极大的；无限的；不受限制的
publication [高考]
美[ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn] | 英[ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃn]
n. 出版；发行；出版物；公布；发表
scarce [高考]
美[skers] | 英[skeəs]
adj. 缺乏的；不足的；稀少的；罕见的 adv. 勉强
philosopher [高考]
美[fəˈlɑːsəfər] | 英[fəˈlɒsəfə(r)]
n. 哲学家；思想家；达观者
extraordinarily [高考]
美[ɪkˈstrɔrdnˌɛrɪlɪ] | 英[ɪk'strɔ:dnrəlɪ]
adv. 非常(格外)
economist [高考]
美[ɪˈkɑnəmɪst] | 英[ɪˈkɒnəmɪst]
n. 经济学家；[古]节俭的人
fraction [高考]
美[ˈfrækʃn] | 英[ˈfrækʃn]
n. 小部分；少许；分数；片段
boost [高考]
美[buːst] | 英[buːst]
v. 提高；增加；鼓励；举起；为...做宣传 n. 增加；推进；鼓励
within [高考]
美[wɪˈðɪn] | 英[wɪˈðɪn]
prep. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)内；在…里面 adv. 在…里面 n. 内部
desire [高考]
美[dɪˈzaɪər] | 英[dɪˈzaɪə(r)]
n. 渴望；愿望；欲望 v. 渴望；向往；要求
fellow [高考]
美[ˈfeloʊ] | 英[ˈfeləʊ]
n. 家伙；同事；同伴；研究员；校董 adj. 同伴的；同事的；同类的
arrival [高考]
美[əˈraɪvl] | 英[əˈraɪvl]
n. 到达；达到；到达者；新生儿
status [高考]
美[ˈsteɪtəs , ˈstætəs] | 英[ˈsteɪtəs]
n. 地位；情形；状况，状态；身份
consume [高考]
美[kənˈsuːm] | 英[kənˈsjuːm]
v. 消耗；吃；毁灭；烧毁
intelligence [高考]
美[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] | 英[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]
n. 智力；智慧；才智；（尤指关于敌国的）情报
outcome [高考]
美[ˈaʊtkʌm] | 英[ˈaʊtkʌm]
n. 结果，成果，效果，结局
artificial [高考]
美[ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl] | 英[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]
adj. 人造的；虚伪的；武断的
worthwhile [高考]
美[ˌwɜːrθˈwaɪl] | 英[ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl]
adj. 值得(做)的
endless [高考]
美[ˈendləs] | 英[ˈendləs]
adj. 无止境的；没完没了的
ride on [高考]
美[raɪd ɑn] | 英[raid ɔn]
vt. 骑在
to the point [高考]
美[tu ði pɔɪnt] | 英[tu: ðə pɔint]
切题； 切中要害
civilisation [高考]
美[ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən] | 英[ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən]
n. 文明；文化；教化
cease [高考]
美[siːs] | 英[siːs]
v. 终止；停止 n. 停止
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
derive [四级]
美[dɪˈraɪv] | 英[dɪˈraɪv]
v. 获取；得自；起源
radical [四级]
美[ˈrædɪkl] | 英[ˈrædɪkl]
adj.激进的；彻底的；基本的 n.自由基；激进分子；游离基
tech [四级]
美[tek] | 英[tek]
n. 技术学校；技术；技术人员
intellect [四级]
美[ˈɪntəlekt] | 英[ˈɪntəlekt]
n. 智力；理智；才智非凡的人；知识份子
surpass [四级]
美[sərˈpæs] | 英[səˈpɑːs]
vt. 超越；胜过
economically [四级]
美[ˌikəˈnɑmɪkli] | 英[ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪkli]
adv. 在经济上；节约地
paradox [四级]
美[ˈpærədɑːks] | 英[ˈpærədɒks]
n. 悖论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的话
intrinsic [四级]
美[ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk , ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk] | 英[ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk , ɪnˈtrɪnsɪk]
adj. 内在的；固有的；本质的
owing to [四级]
美[ˈoɪŋ tu] | 英[ˈəuiŋ tu:]
由于；因为
point at [四级]
美[pɔɪnt æt] | 英[pɔint æt]
指着, 指向
advanced [四级]
美[ədˈvænst] | 英[ədˈvɑːnst]
adj. 先进的；高级的
parenting [四级]
美[ˈperəntɪŋ] | 英[ˈpeərəntɪŋ]
n. (父母)对孩子的养育
reserved [四级]
美[rɪˈzɜrvd] | 英[rɪˈzɜ:vd]
adj. 保留的；预订的；含蓄的；缄默的
scenario [六级]
美[səˈnærioʊ] | 英[səˈnɑːriəʊ]
n. 剧本；情节梗概
put to [六级]
美[pʊt tu] | 英[put tu:]
提出（问题）； （船只顺避风等而）靠岸
owing [专四]
美[ˈoʊɪŋ] | 英[ˈəʊɪŋ]
adj. 未付的；归因于…的
utopia [考研]
美[juːˈtoʊpiə] | 英[juːˈtəʊpiə]
n. 理想国；乌托邦
重点讲解
Utopian dystopia: What will humans do if artificial intelligence solves everything?
乌托邦式的反乌托邦：如果人工智能解决了一切问题，人类要做什么？
utopian a. 乌托邦的；空想完美主义的
【例】a utopian society 乌托邦社会
【拓展】utopia n. 乌托邦（想象中的完美世界）
【反义词】dystopia n. 反面乌托邦，反面假象国（想象中生活极其艰难的地方）
When technology has solved humanity’s deepest problems, what is left to do?
当科技解决了人类最深层次的问题之后，还有什么可做？
utopian a. 乌托邦的；空想完美主义的
【例】a utopian society 乌托邦社会
【拓展】utopia n. 乌托邦（想象中的完美世界）
【反义词】dystopia n. 反面乌托邦，反面假象国（想象中生活极其艰难的地方）
That is one question considered in a new publication by Nick Bostrom, a philosopher at the University of Oxford, whose last book argued that humanity faced a one-in-six chance of being wiped out in the next 100 years, perhaps owing to the development of dangerous forms of artificial intelligence (AI).
这是牛津大学哲学家尼克·博斯特罗姆在一本新书中考虑的一个问题，博斯特罗姆的上一本书认为，人类有六分之一的概率会在未来100年内灭绝，这可能是因为危险型人工智能的发展。
wipe out
1. 彻底毁灭；抹去
【例】Nothing could wipe out his bitter memories of the past.
什么也抹不掉他对过去的痛苦记忆。
2. 使疲惫不堪
【例】The heat had wiped us out.
炎热使我们精疲力竭。
owe v.
1. 欠（债）；欠（情）
【例】I owe my brother $50.
我欠弟弟50美元。
【例】You owe me a favour!
你还欠我一个人情！
2. 归因于；归功于
【例】He owes his success to hard work.
他的成功是靠勤奋工作。
【搭配】owe it to yourself to do sth. （认为）自己应该做某事
【例】You owe it to yourself to take some time off.
你该让自己休息一下了。
In Mr Bostrom's latest book, "Deep Utopia", he considers a rather different outcome. What happens if AI goes extraordinarily well?
在博斯特罗姆的新书《深度乌托邦》中，他考虑了一个完全不同的结果。如果人工智能进展得非常顺利，会发生什么？
radical a. & n.
1. 作形容词
（1）根本的；彻底的
【例】the need for radical changes in education 对教育进行彻底变革的需要
（2）激进的；前卫的
【例】He has put forward some very radical ideas.
他提出了一些非常激进的观点。
【反义词】conservative a. 保守的；守旧的
【例】the conservative views of his parents 他父母的保守观念
2. 作名词：激进分子
【例】radicals on the extreme left wing of the party 党内极左翼激进分子
reserve n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）储备，储备量
【例】large oil and gas reserves 大量的石油和天然气贮藏量
（2）（动植物）保护区
【例】a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区
（3）谨慎；保留
【例】She trusted him without reserve (= completely).
她完全信任他。
2. 作动词
（1）保留，预留；预定
【例】These seats are reserved for special guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
（2）拥有，保留（某种权力）
【例】All rights reserved. (= nobody else can publish or copy this).
版权所有。
Under one scenario Mr Bostrom contemplates, the technology progresses to the point at which it can do all economically valuable work at near-zero cost.
在博斯特罗姆设想的一种情况下，人工智能进步到了可以几乎零成本完成所有有经济价值的工作的地步。
radical a. & n.
1. 作形容词
（1）根本的；彻底的
【例】the need for radical changes in education 对教育进行彻底变革的需要
（2）激进的；前卫的
【例】He has put forward some very radical ideas.
他提出了一些非常激进的观点。
【反义词】conservative a. 保守的；守旧的
【例】the conservative views of his parents 他父母的保守观念
2. 作名词：激进分子
【例】radicals on the extreme left wing of the party 党内极左翼激进分子
reserve n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）储备，储备量
【例】large oil and gas reserves 大量的石油和天然气贮藏量
（2）（动植物）保护区
【例】a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区
（3）谨慎；保留
【例】She trusted him without reserve (= completely).
她完全信任他。
2. 作动词
（1）保留，预留；预定
【例】These seats are reserved for special guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
（2）拥有，保留（某种权力）
【例】All rights reserved. (= nobody else can publish or copy this).
版权所有。
Under a yet more radical scenario, even tasks that you might think would be reserved for humans, such as parenting, can be done better by AI.
在一种更极端的情况下，即使是你认为是人类独有的任务，比如育儿，也可以由人工智能更好地完成。
radical a. & n.
1. 作形容词
（1）根本的；彻底的
【例】the need for radical changes in education 对教育进行彻底变革的需要
（2）激进的；前卫的
【例】He has put forward some very radical ideas.
他提出了一些非常激进的观点。
【反义词】conservative a. 保守的；守旧的
【例】the conservative views of his parents 他父母的保守观念
2. 作名词：激进分子
【例】radicals on the extreme left wing of the party 党内极左翼激进分子
reserve n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）储备，储备量
【例】large oil and gas reserves 大量的石油和天然气贮藏量
（2）（动植物）保护区
【例】a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区
（3）谨慎；保留
【例】She trusted him without reserve (= completely).
她完全信任他。
2. 作动词
（1）保留，预留；预定
【例】These seats are reserved for special guests.
这些座位是留给贵宾的。
（2）拥有，保留（某种权力）
【例】All rights reserved. (= nobody else can publish or copy this).
版权所有。
"Positional goods", which boost the status of their owners, are also still likely to exist and are, by their nature, scarce.
“地位商品”可以提升所有者的地位，这种商品也可能仍然存在，而且从本质上讲，它们是稀缺的。
boost v. & n.
1. 作动词：使增长；使兴旺
【例】Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego.
得到那份工作使他信心倍增。
2. 作名词
（1）增长；提高
【例】a boost in car sales 汽车销售额的增长
（2）帮助；激励
【例】The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy.
减税将给经济带来迫切需要的推动力。
derive v.
1. 得到，获得（优势或愉快的感受）
【例】He derived great pleasure from painting.
他从绘画中得到极大的乐趣。
2. 源自，源于
【例】patterns of behaviour that derive from basic beliefs 源于基本信仰的行为模式
3. （从…中）提取
【例】The new drug is derived from fish oil.
这种新药是从鱼油中提炼出来的。
Even if AIs surpass humans in art, intellect, music and sport, humans will probably continue to derive value from surpassing their fellow humans, for example by having tickets to the hottest events.
即使人工智能在艺术、智力、音乐和体育方面超过人类，人类也可能继续从超越人类同胞中获得价值，例如，拥有最热门赛事的门票。
boost v. & n.
1. 作动词：使增长；使兴旺
【例】Getting that job did a lot to boost his ego.
得到那份工作使他信心倍增。
2. 作名词
（1）增长；提高
【例】a boost in car sales 汽车销售额的增长
（2）帮助；激励
【例】The tax cuts will give a much needed boost to the economy.
减税将给经济带来迫切需要的推动力。
derive v.
1. 得到，获得（优势或愉快的感受）
【例】He derived great pleasure from painting.
他从绘画中得到极大的乐趣。
2. 源自，源于
【例】patterns of behaviour that derive from basic beliefs 源于基本信仰的行为模式
3. （从…中）提取
【例】The new drug is derived from fish oil.
这种新药是从鱼油中提炼出来的。
In 1977 Fred Hirsch, an economist, argued in "The Social Limits to Growth" that, as wealth increases, a greater fraction of human desire consists of positional goods.
1977年，经济学家弗雷德·赫希在《增长的社会极限》一书中指出，随着财富的增加，地位商品在人类欲望中所占的比例越来越大。
consist of 由…构成，由…组成
【例】Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。
【拓展】consist in 存在于；在于
【例】The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
Time spent competing goes up, the price of such goods increases and so their share of GDP rises. This pattern may continue in an AI utopia.
花在竞争上的时间增加了，这类商品的价格也增加了，因此它们在GDP中的份额也增加了。这种模式可能会在人工智能乌托邦中继续下去。
consist of 由…构成，由…组成
【例】Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。
【拓展】consist in 存在于；在于
【例】The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
Several groups**** in**** society today give**** us**** a sense of**** how future**** humans**** might spend their time****.****
当今社会中的几个群体让我们对未来人类可能如何度过他们的时间有了一点体会。
Aristocrats and bohemians enjoy the arts****.**** Monastics live**** within**** themselves****.**** Athletes**** spend their lives on**** sport.**** The retired dabble**** in**** all these pursuits****.****
贵族和波西米亚人喜欢艺术。僧侣们生活在自己的内心世界。运动员把他们的一生都花在体育运动上。退休的人所有这些爱好都沾一点。
These dynamics suggest a "paradox of progress". Although most humans want a better world, if tech becomes too advanced, they may lose purpose.
这些动态表明了一种“进步悖论”。虽然大多数人想要一个更美好的世界，但如果技术变得过于先进，他们可能会失去目标。
dynamic n. & a.
1. 作名词
（1）动态，（事物或人）相互作用的方式
【例】the dynamics of the family 家庭互动
（2）动力，活力
【例】She regards class conflict as a central dynamic of historical change.
她把阶级冲突看成是历史变革的核心驱动力。
2. 作形容词
（1）精力充沛的；有创新思想的
【例】dynamic and ambitious people 精力充沛且雄心勃勃的人
【近义词】energetic a. 精力充沛的，充满活力的
【例】an energetic man精力旺盛的男子
（2）不断变化的，动态的
【例】a dynamic and unstable process 不断变化的、不稳定的过程
from scratch 从头开始；从零开始
【例】We had to start again from scratch.
我们只好再次从零开始。
Mr Bostrom argues that most people would still enjoy activities that have intrinsic value, such as eating tasty food.
博斯特罗姆认为，大多数人仍然会喜欢有内在价值的活动，比如吃美味的食物。
dynamic n. & a.
1. 作名词
（1）动态，（事物或人）相互作用的方式
【例】the dynamics of the family 家庭互动
（2）动力，活力
【例】She regards class conflict as a central dynamic of historical change.
她把阶级冲突看成是历史变革的核心驱动力。
2. 作形容词
（1）精力充沛的；有创新思想的
【例】dynamic and ambitious people 精力充沛且雄心勃勃的人
【近义词】energetic a. 精力充沛的，充满活力的
【例】an energetic man精力旺盛的男子
（2）不断变化的，动态的
【例】a dynamic and unstable process 不断变化的、不稳定的过程
from scratch 从头开始；从零开始
【例】We had to start again from scratch.
我们只好再次从零开始。
Utopians, believing life had become too easy, might decide to challenge themselves, perhaps by colonising a new planet to try to re-engineer civilisation from scratch.
乌托邦主义者认为生活已经变得太容易了，他们可能会决定挑战自己，也许是去殖民一个新的星球，试图从头开始重新设计文明。
dynamic n. & a.
1. 作名词
（1）动态，（事物或人）相互作用的方式
【例】the dynamics of the family 家庭互动
（2）动力，活力
【例】She regards class conflict as a central dynamic of historical change.
她把阶级冲突看成是历史变革的核心驱动力。
2. 作形容词
（1）精力充沛的；有创新思想的
【例】dynamic and ambitious people 精力充沛且雄心勃勃的人
【近义词】energetic a. 精力充沛的，充满活力的
【例】an energetic man精力旺盛的男子
（2）不断变化的，动态的
【例】a dynamic and unstable process 不断变化的、不稳定的过程
from scratch 从头开始；从零开始
【例】We had to start again from scratch.
我们只好再次从零开始。
At some point, however, even such adventures might cease to feel worthwhile.
然而，在某个时候，即使是这样的冒险也可能失去了价值感。
hop v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）蹦跳，跳跃
【例】a little girl hopping and skipping 一个蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩
（2）快速或突然去某处
【例】We hopped over to Paris for the weekend.
我们冲到巴黎去过了个周末。
（3）换来换去；不断更换
【例】I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV.
我看电视时喜欢不断地转换频道。
2. 作名词：（小步）跳跃，蹦跳
【搭配】catch sb on the hop 使某人措手不及
【例】Louis's decision caught Henry on the hop.
路易国王的决定令亨利二世措手不及。
put sb./sth. to the test 使受考验；使受检验
【例】His theories have never really been put to the test.
他的理论从未真正经受过检验。
ride on 依赖于；取决于
【例】He knew he had to win – his reputation was riding on it.
他知道他必须赢，他的名声全系于此。
It is an open question how long humans would be happy hopping between passions, as Peer does in "Permutation City".
人类通过不断地换爱好能快乐多久，就像佩尔在《置换城市》中的行为那样，这是一个悬而未决的问题。
hop v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）蹦跳，跳跃
【例】a little girl hopping and skipping 一个蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩
（2）快速或突然去某处
【例】We hopped over to Paris for the weekend.
我们冲到巴黎去过了个周末。
（3）换来换去；不断更换
【例】I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV.
我看电视时喜欢不断地转换频道。
2. 作名词：（小步）跳跃，蹦跳
【搭配】catch sb on the hop 使某人措手不及
【例】Louis's decision caught Henry on the hop.
路易国王的决定令亨利二世措手不及。
put sb./sth. to the test 使受考验；使受检验
【例】His theories have never really been put to the test.
他的理论从未真正经受过检验。
ride on 依赖于；取决于
【例】He knew he had to win – his reputation was riding on it.
他知道他必须赢，他的名声全系于此。
Economists have long believed that humans have "unlimited wants and desires", suggesting there are endless variations on things people would like to consume.
经济学家长期以来一直认为，人类拥有“无限的愿望和欲望”，这意味着人们想要消费的东西有无穷无尽的变化。
hop v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）蹦跳，跳跃
【例】a little girl hopping and skipping 一个蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩
（2）快速或突然去某处
【例】We hopped over to Paris for the weekend.
我们冲到巴黎去过了个周末。
（3）换来换去；不断更换
【例】I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV.
我看电视时喜欢不断地转换频道。
2. 作名词：（小步）跳跃，蹦跳
【搭配】catch sb on the hop 使某人措手不及
【例】Louis's decision caught Henry on the hop.
路易国王的决定令亨利二世措手不及。
put sb./sth. to the test 使受考验；使受检验
【例】His theories have never really been put to the test.
他的理论从未真正经受过检验。
ride on 依赖于；取决于
【例】He knew he had to win – his reputation was riding on it.
他知道他必须赢，他的名声全系于此。
With the arrival of an AI utopia, this would be put to the test. Quite a lot would ride on the result.
随着人工智能乌托邦的到来，这一点将受到考验。未来的很多事情将取决于考验的结果。
hop v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）蹦跳，跳跃
【例】a little girl hopping and skipping 一个蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩
（2）快速或突然去某处
【例】We hopped over to Paris for the weekend.
我们冲到巴黎去过了个周末。
（3）换来换去；不断更换
【例】I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV.
我看电视时喜欢不断地转换频道。
2. 作名词：（小步）跳跃，蹦跳
【搭配】catch sb on the hop 使某人措手不及
【例】Louis's decision caught Henry on the hop.
路易国王的决定令亨利二世措手不及。
put sb./sth. to the test 使受考验；使受检验
【例】His theories have never really been put to the test.
他的理论从未真正经受过检验。
ride on 依赖于；取决于
【例】He knew he had to win – his reputation was riding on it.
他知道他必须赢，他的名声全系于此。
课后练习
What is the central theme of Nick Bostrom's new book "Deep Utopia"?
A. The potential risks of AI development leading to humanity's extinction.
B. The warning of the development of dangerous forms of AI.
C. The impact of an ideal development of AI on humans.
D. The methods to ensure the safety and efficiency of AI.
According to Mr Bostrom, what is a potential outcome of advanced AI technology?
A. AI will only be able to perform tasks that are not economically valuable.
B. AI will make money and humans only need to take care of their children.
C. AI will not be able to participate in creative activities such as art and music.
D. AI will do most work and humans will continue to compete with each other.
What does the "paradox of progress" refer to in the text?
A. Technology improving to the point where it creates new challenges for society.
B. The desire to return to simpler times despite advancements in technology.
C. People losing a sense of purpose as technology does everything for them.
D. The addiction to leisure activities as technology handles more tasks.
What would be tested in an AI utopia?
A. The sustainability of AI technology.
B. The capacity of humans to adapt to AI.
C. The ability of AI to satisfy human wants.
D. The concept of unlimited human desires.