养狗对健康的好处(下)

我确实想要探讨其中的科学，因为我认为这本书真正有趣的很多地方在于，去了解这些研究，

双语精读

I did want to get to the science because I think that a lot of what's really interesting in the book is that you get into all of these studies and really delve into the science of how we relate to our dogs and the impact they can have on us and vice versa.

我确实想要探讨其中的科学，因为我认为这本书真正有趣的很多地方在于，去了解这些研究，去深入探究我们如何与小狗建立联系、小狗对我们的影响以及我们对它们的影响这些事情背后的科学原理。

I don't think people always know the nitty-gritty of that, and I wondered if you could particularly get into some of the physiological impacts that dogs have on us and talk about the science there.

我认为人们并不都清楚这其中的弯弯绕绕，你是否能特别谈谈小狗对我们的一些生理影响，并为我们介绍一下这其中的科学道理。

Yeah, if you look at any part of your life -- whether it's your physical health, your mental, your psychological, your social health, your dogs are going to make all of that better.

好的，如果你对生活的任何一部分进行观察，你会发现，无论是你的身体健康，精神健康，心理健康，还是社交健康，小狗都会改善所有这些方面。

So if we look, let's just say at the physical health side, which is actually like how I got into the science of this, there is a great study that I saw maybe 15 years ago that talks about if you have a heart attack, for example, and you own a dog, you will live longer than if you don't have a dog.

比如我们观察身体健康方面的影响，我探究这其中的科学其实就是从身体健康入手的，我在15年前看过一项很好的研究，说的是，如果你心脏病发作，而且你养了狗，那么你会比没养狗寿命更长。

And you could be like, well, yeah, if you've dog, you're like, walk more. So of course that would be why. But even if you controlled for the amount of walking, people who have dogs still live longer. And so this was a real question, right? Why, if it isn't the physical activity, why is it that you live longer?

你可能会说，如果你养了狗，你就会多走一些路，这当然是原因之一。但即使是控制了走路步数这个变量，养狗的人仍然活得更久。这是真正的问题所在，对吧? 为什么，如果不是运动的原因，为什么养狗的人会活得更久?

And in fact, if you look across all of these different studies of the way that our physical health is improved by having dogs, one of the themes that emerges is something that we actually already knew from psychology, which is if you have a really robust system of social support, all of your health markers tend to be better like that.

事实上，纵观所有这些关于养狗如何改善我们身体健康的不同研究，你会发现这些研究中经常出现的一个主题是我们已经从心理学中了解到的信息，那就是，如果你有非常强大的社会支持系统，你所有的健康指标往往都会变得更好。

Social support is actually really critical for your physical health, not just your psychological health. And it turns out dogs are able to serve as those social support systems in our lives as well.

社会支持不仅仅对心理健康至关重要，实际上对身体健康也至关重要。事实证明，小狗也能在我们的生活中充当这些社会支持系统。

So if we look at, say, older adults who, you know, maybe they've lost their spouse and their social circles are just smaller, dealing with loneliness, if they have dogs, they see these really dramatic increases in benefits from the dogs.

如果我们观察老年人，也许他们失去了配偶，他们的社交圈较小，需要应对孤独，如果这些老年人养狗，养狗带来的好处会显著增加。

Where people have lots of people around them -- really strong social systems, those benefits are still there, but they're smaller.

而对于那些身边围绕着很多人，拥有强大社会体系支持的人来说，养狗的好处仍然存在，不过会小一些。

So it's really clear that the dogs serve as social supports for us and give us that benefit on top of the fact that they do in fact get us out and walking more. They get us out spending time outside, which we know is really good for us.

显而易见，小狗除了能让我们出去多走走，还为我们提供了社会支持，给我们带来了好处。它们让我们在户外活动，我们都知道这对我们是很有好处的。

So there's all these ways they kind of boost all of this stuff that we know is good for us and be like, "Hey, you've got to come do this thing. Like we're going to have a good time. And also it's going to make you better."

它们有很多方式来推动我们去做那些对我们有益处的事，就好像它们会说“嘿，你一定要来做这件事，我们会玩得很开心，也会让你变得更好”。

We've talked a lot about some of the specific areas of the science of dogs and humans and their bond. But of the dozens of studies that you guys mention in the book and you know, all of the research you guys did, were there any sort of favorite bits that stood out to you or anything that really surprised you?

我们已经谈了很多关于狗与人之间的联系的一些特定的科学原理。但是在你们书中提到的几十项研究中，在你们所做的所有研究中，有没有什么最让你印象深刻的？或者让你感到惊讶的呢?

词汇预习

• particularly [高考]

  美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]

  adv. 特别；尤其；详细地

• critical [高考]

  美[ˈkrɪtɪkl] | 英[ˈkrɪtɪkl]

  adj. 批评的；挑剔的；决定性的；危险的 adj. 临界的

• impact [高考]

  美[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt] | 英[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt]

  n. 影响；冲击力；撞击 vt. 挤入；压紧；撞击；对 ... 发生影响 vi. 冲击；撞击；产生影响

• psychological [高考]

  美[ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl] | 英[ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl]

  adj. 心理(学)的

• stuff [高考]

  美[stʌf] | 英[stʌf]

  n. 东西；原料；材料 n. 素质；本质；废物；无用的想法；废话，蠢话 vt. 塞满；填满

• dramatic [高考]

  美[drəˈmætɪk] | 英[drəˈmætɪk]

  adj. 戏剧性的；引人注目的；给人深刻印象的；激动人心的

• boost [高考]

  美[buːst] | 英[buːst]

  v. 提高；增加；鼓励；举起；为...做宣传 n. 增加；推进；鼓励

• mental [高考]

  美[ˈmentl] | 英[ˈmentl]

  adj. 思想的；心理的；精神的；脑力的 n. 精神病患者

• psychology [高考]

  美[saɪˈkɑːlədʒi] | 英[saɪˈkɒlədʒi]

  n. 心理；心理学

• bond [高考]

  美[bɑːnd] | 英[bɒnd]

  n. 债券；结合；协定；联系；情谊；黏合剂 vt. 使结合；为 ... 作保 vi. 连结；粘合

• vice [高考]

  美[vaɪs] | 英[vaɪs]

  n. 缺点，恶习；堕落，邪恶；罪行；老虎钳 v. 握住；钳紧 adj. 副的；代替的，代理的 prep.代替

• serve as [高考]

  美[sɚv æz] | 英[sə:v æz]

  vt. 担任(充当； 起 ... 的作用)

• would [高考]

  美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]

  aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式

• loneliness [四级]

  美[ˈloʊnlinəs] | 英[ˈləʊnlinəs]

  n. 孤独；寂寞

• spouse [四级]

  美[spaʊs] | 英[spaʊs]

  n. 配偶 v. 和…结婚

• look at [四级]

  美[lʊk æt] | 英[lʊk æt]

  （仔细地）看；着眼，考虑

• on top of [四级]

  美[ɑːn tɑːp əv] | 英[ɒn tɒp ɒv]

  在 ... 之上；停留在…之上；加之；控制住；对…了如指掌

• robust [六级]

  美[roʊˈbʌst] | 英[rəʊˈbʌst]

  adj. 强健的；稳固的；耐用的；粗野的；浓的

• physiological [六级]

  美[ˌfɪziə'lɑdʒɪk(ə)l] | 英[ˌfɪziə'lɒdʒɪk(ə)l]

  adj. 生理的；生理学的

• kind of [六级]

  美[kaɪnd ʌv] | 英[kaind ɔv]

  adv. 有点儿

• saw [专八]

  美[sɔː] | 英[sɔː]

  n. 锯；谚语，格言 v. 锯，用锯割开；看见，明白（see的过去式）

• delve [专八]

  美[dɛlv] | 英[delv]

  vi. 探究；挖掘；搜索

• versa [考研]

  美[ 'vɝsə] | 英['vɜ:sə]

  adj. 反

• don [托福]

  美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]

  n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上

重点讲解

I did want to get to the science because I think that a lot of what's really interesting in the book is that you get into all of these studies and really delve into the science of how we relate to our dogs and the impact they can have on us and vice versa.

我确实想要探讨其中的科学，因为我认为这本书真正有趣的很多地方在于，去了解这些研究，去深入探究我们如何与小狗建立联系、小狗对我们的影响以及我们对它们的影响这些事情背后的科学原理。

vice versa  反之亦然

【例】 Just because I like her, it doesn't mean she likes me, and vice versa.

我喜欢她并不意味着她也喜欢我，反之亦然。

【近义词】the other way round 反过来；相反的情况

【例】She thinks I should apologize to her, but I think it should be the other way round.

She thinks I should apologize to her, but I think it should happen the other way round.

她认为我应该向她道歉，但我认为她应该向我道歉。

the nitty-gritty  重要的细节；基本事实

【例】Let's get down to the nitty-gritty and discuss the project details.

让我们深入到最关键的部分，讨论项目的细节。

【拓展】a nugget of information/wisdom  一条有用的信息/至理名言

【近义词】the heart of the matter/the meat  实质；重要内容

I don't think people always know the nitty-gritty of that, and I wondered if you could particularly get into some of the physiological impacts that dogs have on us and talk about the science there.

我认为人们并不都清楚这其中的弯弯绕绕，你是否能特别谈谈小狗对我们的一些生理影响，并为我们介绍一下这其中的科学道理。

vice versa  反之亦然

【例】 Just because I like her, it doesn't mean she likes me, and vice versa.

我喜欢她并不意味着她也喜欢我，反之亦然。

【近义词】the other way round 反过来；相反的情况

【例】She thinks I should apologize to her, but I think it should be the other way round.

She thinks I should apologize to her, but I think it should happen the other way round.

她认为我应该向她道歉，但我认为她应该向我道歉。

the nitty-gritty  重要的细节；基本事实

【例】Let's get down to the nitty-gritty and discuss the project details.

让我们深入到最关键的部分，讨论项目的细节。

【拓展】a nugget of information/wisdom  一条有用的信息/至理名言

【近义词】the heart of the matter/the meat  实质；重要内容

Yeah, if you look at any part of your life -- whether it's your physical health, your mental, your psychological, your social health, your dogs are going to make all of that better.

好的，如果你对生活的任何一部分进行观察，你会发现，无论是你的身体健康，精神健康，心理健康，还是社交健康，小狗都会改善所有这些方面。

the...side/the side of...  某一方面

【例】the winning side/the bright side of things/the two sides of the argument

赢的一方/事情的积极方面/双方的论点

【近义词】on...front/in the aspect of... 在……方面

【例】Things are looking unsettled on the economic front. 

经济方面的情况显得不太稳定。

get into sth  开始做某事

【例】get into journalism/the habit of/a conversation with sb

入行当记者/养成某种习惯/与某人聊起来

attack  n. 疾病发作；情绪侵袭

【例】an attack of food poisoning/a panic attack/an attack of nerves

食物中毒后毒性发作/突然感到恐慌/突然感到紧张不安

So if we look, let's just say at the physical health side, which is actually like how I got into the science of this, there is a great study that I saw maybe 15 years ago that talks about if you have a heart attack, for example, and you own a dog, you will live longer than if you don't have a dog.

比如我们观察身体健康方面的影响，我探究这其中的科学其实就是从身体健康入手的，我在15年前看过一项很好的研究，说的是，如果你心脏病发作，而且你养了狗，那么你会比没养狗寿命更长。

the...side/the side of...  某一方面

【例】the winning side/the bright side of things/the two sides of the argument

赢的一方/事情的积极方面/双方的论点

【近义词】on...front/in the aspect of... 在……方面

【例】Things are looking unsettled on the economic front. 

经济方面的情况显得不太稳定。

get into sth  开始做某事

【例】get into journalism/the habit of/a conversation with sb

入行当记者/养成某种习惯/与某人聊起来

attack  n. 疾病发作；情绪侵袭

【例】an attack of food poisoning/a panic attack/an attack of nerves

食物中毒后毒性发作/突然感到恐慌/突然感到紧张不安

And you could be like, well, yeah, if you’ve dog, you're like, walk more. So of course that would be why. But even if you controlled for the amount of walking, people who have dogs still live longer. And so this was a real question, right? Why, if it isn't the physical activity, why is it that you live longer?

你可能会说，如果你养了狗，你就会多走一些路，这当然是原因之一。但即使是控制了走路步数这个变量，养狗的人仍然活得更久。这是真正的问题所在，对吧? 为什么，如果不是运动的原因，为什么养狗的人会活得更久?

robust  adj. 

1. （人）身体强健的

【例】a robust young man 身强体健的年轻人

2. 强劲的；有力的

【例】robust economic growth/interest/exercise

强劲的经济增长/浓厚的兴趣/高强度锻炼

marker  n. 标志；标记

【例】Price is not always an accurate marker of quality. 

价格并不总是质量的准确标志。

【近义词】indicator/sign  n. 指示物；标志

And in fact, if you look across all of these different studies of the way that our physical health is improved by having dogs, one of the themes that emerges is something that we actually already knew from psychology, which is if you have a really robust system of social support, all of your health markers tend to be better like that.

事实上，纵观所有这些关于养狗如何改善我们身体健康的不同研究，你会发现这些研究中经常出现的一个主题是我们已经从心理学中了解到的信息，那就是，如果你有非常强大的社会支持系统，你所有的健康指标往往都会变得更好。

robust  adj. 

1. （人）身体强健的

【例】a robust young man 身强体健的年轻人

2. 强劲的；有力的

【例】robust economic growth/interest/exercise

强劲的经济增长/浓厚的兴趣/高强度锻炼

marker  n. 标志；标记

【例】Price is not always an accurate marker of quality. 

价格并不总是质量的准确标志。

【近义词】indicator/sign  n. 指示物；标志

Social support is actually really critical for your physical health, not just your psychological health. And it turns out dogs are able to serve as those social support systems in our lives as well.

社会支持不仅仅对心理健康至关重要，实际上对身体健康也至关重要。事实证明，小狗也能在我们的生活中充当这些社会支持系统。

serve as  起……作用；充当

【例】The dining room table also serves as my work desk.

餐厅的桌子也充当我的办公桌。

【近义词】function as/operate as/act as  发挥……作用

where  conj. 地点状语从句引导词

【例】Where you go, I will follow.

你去哪儿，我就跟到哪儿。

Where it is possible, we should try to recycle our waste.

在可能的情况下，我们应该尽量回收垃圾。

So if we look at, say, older adults who, you know, maybe they've lost their spouse and their social circles are just smaller, dealing with loneliness, if they have dogs, they see these really dramatic increases in benefits from the dogs.

如果我们观察老年人，也许他们失去了配偶，他们的社交圈较小，需要应对孤独，如果这些老年人养狗，养狗带来的好处会显著增加。

serve as  起……作用；充当

【例】The dining room table also serves as my work desk.

餐厅的桌子也充当我的办公桌。

【近义词】function as/operate as/act as  发挥……作用

where  conj. 地点状语从句引导词

【例】Where you go, I will follow.

你去哪儿，我就跟到哪儿。

Where it is possible, we should try to recycle our waste.

在可能的情况下，我们应该尽量回收垃圾。

Where people have lots of people around them -- really strong social systems, those benefits are still there, but they're smaller.

而对于那些身边围绕着很多人，拥有强大社会体系支持的人来说，养狗的好处仍然存在，不过会小一些。

serve as  起……作用；充当

【例】The dining room table also serves as my work desk.

餐厅的桌子也充当我的办公桌。

【近义词】function as/operate as/act as  发挥……作用

where  conj. 地点状语从句引导词

【例】Where you go, I will follow.

你去哪儿，我就跟到哪儿。

Where it is possible, we should try to recycle our waste.

在可能的情况下，我们应该尽量回收垃圾。

So it's really clear that the dogs serve as social supports for us and give us that benefit on top of the fact that they do in fact get us out and walking more. They get us out spending time outside, which we know is really good for us.

显而易见，小狗除了能让我们出去多走走，还为我们提供了社会支持，给我们带来了好处。它们让我们在户外活动，我们都知道这对我们是很有好处的。

on top of  

1. 除……以外

【例】On top of working full-time, she's also studying for a master's degree.

她除了全职工作外，还在攻读硕士学位。

【近义词】in addition to/besides/over and above  除……以外

2. 控制住；掌控住

【例】Do you think he's really on top of his job? 

你认为他真的能做好他的工作吗？

stand out 突出；引人注目

【例】The trip to China stood out in my memory. 

中国之行清晰地映在我的记忆中。

【搭配】stand out above the rest 脱颖而出

stand out as the best/more important  是（众多事物中）最好的/更重要的

So there's all these ways they kind of boost all of this stuff that we know is good for us and be like, “Hey, you've got to come do this thing. Like we're going to have a good time. And also it's going to make you better.”

它们有很多方式来推动我们去做那些对我们有益处的事，就好像它们会说“嘿，你一定要来做这件事，我们会玩得很开心，也会让你变得更好”。

on top of  

1. 除……以外

【例】On top of working full-time, she's also studying for a master's degree.

她除了全职工作外，还在攻读硕士学位。

【近义词】in addition to/besides/over and above  除……以外

2. 控制住；掌控住

【例】Do you think he's really on top of his job? 

你认为他真的能做好他的工作吗？

stand out 突出；引人注目

【例】The trip to China stood out in my memory. 

中国之行清晰地映在我的记忆中。

【搭配】stand out above the rest 脱颖而出

stand out as the best/more important  是（众多事物中）最好的/更重要的

We've talked a lot about some of the specific areas of the science of dogs and humans and their bond. But of the dozens of studies that you guys mention in the book and you know, all of the research you guys did, were there any sort of favorite bits that stood out to you or anything that really surprised you?

我们已经谈了很多关于狗与人之间的联系的一些特定的科学原理。但是在你们书中提到的几十项研究中，在你们所做的所有研究中，有没有什么最让你印象深刻的？或者让你感到惊讶的呢?

on top of  

1. 除……以外

【例】On top of working full-time, she's also studying for a master's degree.

她除了全职工作外，还在攻读硕士学位。

【近义词】in addition to/besides/over and above  除……以外

2. 控制住；掌控住

【例】Do you think he's really on top of his job? 

你认为他真的能做好他的工作吗？

stand out 突出；引人注目

【例】The trip to China stood out in my memory. 

中国之行清晰地映在我的记忆中。

【搭配】stand out above the rest 脱颖而出

stand out as the best/more important  是（众多事物中）最好的/更重要的

课后练习

• What is the most fascinating topic of the book?

  A. The real life stories about human-dogs relationships.

  B. The scientific explanation of dogs’ impact on humans.

  C. The best ways to train dogs to be a good companion.

  D. The history of the evolution and domestication of dogs.

• What is the real question posed by the study about people who have heart attacks?

  A. What makes dog owners live longer apart from having more exercises?

  B. How much longer do dog owners live after a heart attack?

  C. How does walking a dog regularly prevent heart attacks?

  D. Does walking a dog contribute to the owner's longevity?

• According to the passage, how do dogs contribute to human health?

  A. By encouraging healthy lifestyle

  B. By preventing depression.

  C. By providing companionship.

  D. By reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

• Why do dogs particularly benefit older and lonely adults?

  A. Because they provide social support.

  B. Because they help them exercise more.

  C. Because they make them feel energetic.

  D. Because they help them meet new people.