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日本动漫如何火遍全球

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日本动漫如何火遍全球

动漫曾经是一种在国内消费的小众产品,一位资深制片人伤感地回忆说"只有在学校里没朋友的人才会看"。 日本动漫如何火遍全球

双语精读

How anime conquered the world's screens

日本动漫如何征服全世界的荧屏

Once a domestically consumed niche product "watched by people with no friends at school", as one veteran producer ruefully recalls, anime has become a global sensation.

动漫曾经是一种在国内消费的小众产品,一位资深制片人伤感地回忆说"只有在学校里没朋友的人才会看",现在动漫已经火遍全球。

These days its export value in Japan, alongside other content such as video games, is approaching that of semiconductors or steel; it now claims more fans outside the country than within it.

如今,动漫与视频游戏等其他内容在日本的总出口价值正在接近半导体或钢铁的出口价值,动漫在国外拥有的粉丝比在国内还多。

Those unfamiliar with the genre often wonder what anime is. "Animation created in Japan" is the simple definition offered by Rahul Purini, the head of Crunchyroll, an anime-streaming service with around 130m users across 200 countries.

不熟悉动漫的人常常想知道什么是动漫。Crunchyroll的老板拉胡尔·普里尼对动漫给出的简单定义是"日本制作的动画",Crunchyroll是拥有约1.3亿用户、覆盖200个国家的动漫流媒体服务平台。

But there is also an aesthetic connotation: anime is usually hand-drawn and two-dimensional, unlike the photorealistic 3D animation that has grown more common outside Japan.

但动漫也有一种美学含义:动漫通常是手绘的和二维的,与在日本以外日益常见的逼真的3D动画不一样。

The characters often resemble hyper-caffeinated Tintins, with unusually large, expressive eyes, small noses, strange hair and easily decipherable emotions.

动漫角色常常很像极度亢奋的丁丁,有着异常大而富有表现力的眼睛、小鼻子、奇怪的头发和易于解读的情感。

Anime tends to be set in non-specific places, such as vaguely European-looking cities for some films by Miyazaki Hayao, Japan's most acclaimed creator. The setting makes it easy for non-Japanese audiences to relate; the only barrier is language, and animation is more easily dubbed than live-action films.

动漫往往设定在非特定的地点,比如在日本最受赞誉的创作者宫崎骏的一些电影中,设定地点有些像欧洲城市。这种设定使非日本观众很容易产生共鸣,唯一的障碍是语言,而动画比真人电影更容易配音。

Two factors help explain anime's surging global popularity. The first is streaming, which made anime easier to find and watch. Fans no longer have to depend on the decisions of network programmers or wait a week for another episode. They can binge, explore and discover on their own.

两个因素有助于解释动漫在全球范围内的迅速流行。第一个是流媒体,流媒体使人们更容易找到和观看动漫。粉丝们不再需要依赖网络程序员的决定,也不必再等一周才能看到下一集。他们可以尽情刷漫,自行探索和发现动漫。

Second, audiences have grown tired and suspicious of Hollywood's neat resolutions.

第二个因素,观众已经对好莱坞的完美结局感到厌倦和怀疑。

As Susan Napier, a professor at Tufts University and expert on anime, explains, "Technology hasn't brought us the utopia we thought it would, and the post-cold-war world has become more dangerous than we imagined," which makes happily-ever-after endings implausible.

正如塔夫茨大学教授、动漫专家苏珊·内皮尔所解释的,"技术并没有给我们带来想象中的乌托邦,冷战后的世界变得比我们想象的更加危险",这使得从此幸福快乐的结局变得无法令人相信。

Anime is willing to have heroes killed off and characters suffer huge loss. At the same time, the protagonists are often cute and relatable. "It's a dark world out there," Ms Napier says, so audiences "want that fluffy cuteness".

动漫愿意让英雄死去,让角色遭受巨大损失。同时,主角们通常是可爱的,可以让人产生共鸣的。"外面的世界很黑暗,"内皮尔说,所以观众"想要那种毛茸茸的可爱"。

Anime's global growth has been made possible by its own evolution. Japanese comic books and graphic novels, collectively known as "manga", have long provided the source material for anime.

动漫在全球范围内的发展得益于其自身的演变。日本漫画书和图像小说被统称为"漫画",长期以来一直为动漫提供素材。

Unlike comic books in Britain and America, manga are not primarily or even mostly for children. Thousands of new manga are published every year, on virtually every subject imaginable, from pornography to reflections on war, which gives anime an inexhaustible range of sources.

与英国和美国的漫画书不同,漫画主要,甚至大部分,都不是为儿童创作的。每年都有成千上万部新漫画出版,内容几乎涵盖了所有能想象到的主题,从色情到对战争的反思,这为动漫提供了取之不尽的素材来源。

词汇预习

  • source [高考]

    美[sɔːrs] | 英[sɔːs]

    n. 来源;发源地;原始资料 v. 从...获得

  • creator [高考]

    美[kriˈeɪtər] | 英[kriˈeɪtə(r)]

    n. 创造者;[计]创建者 n. 上帝

  • definition [高考]

    美[ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn] | 英[ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn]

    n. 定义;阐释;清晰度

  • primarily [高考]

    美[praɪˈmerəli] | 英[praɪˈmerəli]

    adv. 主要地,首要地,根本地

  • aesthetic [高考]

    美[esˈθetɪk] | 英[iːsˈθetɪk]

    adj. 美学的;审美的;有美感的 n. (复数)审美观

  • imaginable [高考]

    美[ɪˈmædʒənəbəl] | 英[ɪˈmædʒɪnəbl]

    adj. 可想像的;可想到的

  • expressive [高考]

    美[ɪkˈsprɛsɪv] | 英[ɪkˈspresɪv]

    adj. 表达的;意味深长的;富于表情的

  • within [高考]

    美[wɪˈðɪn] | 英[wɪˈðɪn]

    prep. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)内;在…里面 adv. 在…里面 n. 内部

  • growth [高考]

    美[ɡroʊθ] | 英[ɡrəʊθ]

    n. 【U】增长;生长;发展;种植 n. 【C】生长物;【医】瘤;赘生物

  • range [高考]

    美[reɪndʒ] | 英[reɪndʒ]

    n.范围; 射程; 类别; (山脉,房屋等的)排列 vi.搜索; 变化; 延伸; 漫游 vt.排列; (按一定位置或顺序)排序; 把…分类; 徘徊 adj.牧场的,放牧区的

  • loss [高考]

    美[lɔːs] | 英[lɒs]

    n. 遗失;丧失;损失;失败;失落;死亡

  • unlike [高考]

    美[ˌʌnˈlaɪk] | 英[ˌʌnˈlaɪk]

    adj. 不同的,不相似的 prep. 不像,与…不同;与 ... 平时不同

  • barrier [高考]

    美[ˈbæriər] | 英[ˈbæriə(r)]

    n. 栅栏;障碍物;屏障

  • evolution [高考]

    美[ˌevəˈluːʃn] | 英[ˌiːvəˈluːʃn , ˌevəˈluːʃn]

    n. 进化;发展;演变

  • export [高考]

    美[ɪkˈspɔːrt , ˈekspɔːrt] | 英[ɪkˈspɔːt , ˈekspɔːt]

    n. 输出,出口;出口商品 v. 输出物资,输出,出口 adj.输出的

  • neat [高考]

    美[niːt] | 英[niːt]

    adj. 整洁的;简洁的;利索的 adv. 整洁地;利索地

  • alongside [高考]

    美[əˌlɔːŋˈsaɪd] | 英[əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd]

    adv. 在旁边 prep. 在 ... 旁边

  • resemble [高考]

    美[rɪˈzembl] | 英[rɪˈzembl]

    v. 与…相似;像

  • set in [高考]

    美[sɛt ɪn] | 英[set in]

    嵌入; 开始

  • expert on [高考]

    美 | 英

    ……方面的专家

  • setting [高考]

    美[ˈsetɪŋ] | 英[ˈsetɪŋ]

    n. 背景;环境;镶嵌;安装;放置;(日月的)沉落;[音]乐曲

  • episode [高考]

    美[ˈepɪsoʊd] | 英[ˈepɪsəʊd]

    n. 一段情节;片段;轶事;插曲

  • comic [高考]

    美[ˈkɑːmɪk] | 英[ˈkɒmɪk]

    n. 连环图画;喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的;有趣的;喜剧的

  • would [高考]

    美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]

    aux. 将;可能;大概;总会;愿意;will的过去式

  • virtually [四级]

    美[ˈvɜːrtʃuəli] | 英[ˈvɜːtʃuəli]

    adv. 实际上;几乎

  • unusually [四级]

    美[ʌnˈjuʒʊəlɪ] | 英[ʌnˈju:ʒuəli]

    adv. 异乎寻常地;显著地;非常

  • veteran [四级]

    美[ˈvetərən] | 英[ˈvetərən]

    adj. 老练的 n. 老手;老兵

  • suspicious [四级]

    美[səˈspɪʃəs] | 英[səˈspɪʃəs]

    adj. 可疑的;多疑的

  • happily [四级]

    美[ˈhæpɪli] | 英[ˈhæpɪli]

    adv. 幸福地;快乐地;幸好;恰当地

  • graphic [四级]

    美[ˈɡræfɪk] | 英[ˈɡræfɪk]

    adj. 生动的;图表的 n. 图表

  • suspicious of [四级]

    美 | 英

    对 ... 怀疑的

  • sensation [六级]

    美[senˈseɪʃn] | 英[senˈseɪʃn]

    n. 感觉;轰动;激动;知觉

  • connotation [六级]

    美[ˌkɑːnəˈteɪʃn] | 英[ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃn]

    n. 涵义;言外之意;[逻]内涵

  • provided [专四]

    美[prəˈvaɪdɪd] | 英[prəˈvaɪdɪd]

    conj. 假如;若是 adj. 预备好的;提供的

  • dimensional [专八]

    美[dɪˈmɛnʃənl] | 英[dɪ'menʃənəl]

    adj. 维度的;次元的;空间的;尺寸的

  • grown [专八]

    美[groʊn] | 英[grəʊn]

    adj. 长大的;成年的;长满某物的

  • binge [专八]

    美[bɪndʒ] | 英[bɪndʒ]

    n. 狂欢作乐;放纵 vi. 狂欢作乐

  • pornography [专八]

    美[pɔːrˈnɑːɡrəfi] | 英[pɔːˈnɒɡrəfi]

    n. 色情作品;色情描写

  • inexhaustible [专八]

    美[ˌɪnɪɡˈzɔstəbəl] | 英[ˌɪnɪgˈzɔ:stəbl]

    adj. 用不完的;无穷的;不知疲倦的

  • utopia [考研]

    美[juːˈtoʊpiə] | 英[juːˈtəʊpiə]

    n. 理想国;乌托邦

  • genre [考研]

    美[ˈʒɑːnrə] | 英[ˈʒɒ̃rə , ˈʒɒnrə]

    n. 类型;流派

  • non [考研]

    美[nɒn] | 英[nɒn]

    adv. [拉]非;不是

  • niche [托福]

    美[niːʃ] | 英[niːʃ]

    n. 壁龛;适当的位置;(特定产品或服务的)用户群;[生]生态龛;生态位;小生态环境 vt. 放在适当的位置

  • animation [托福]

    美[ˌænəˈmeʃən] | 英[ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn]

    n. 活泼;生气;兴奋;动画片;动画片制作

  • hyper [托福]

    美['haɪpər] | 英[ˈhaɪpə(r)]

    adj. 亢奋的;高度紧张的;精力过旺的

重点讲解

How anime conquered the world's screens

日本动漫如何征服全世界的荧屏

sensation  n. 引起轰动的人(或事)

【例】to cause a sensation  带来轰动

an overnight sensation  一夜成名

【拓展】sensational  adj. 现象级的

Once a domestically consumed niche product "watched by people with no friends at school", as one veteran producer ruefully recalls, anime has become a global sensation.

动漫曾经是一种在国内消费的小众产品,一位资深制片人伤感地回忆说"只有在学校里没朋友的人才会看",现在动漫已经火遍全球。

sensation  n. 引起轰动的人(或事)

【例】to cause a sensation  带来轰动

an overnight sensation  一夜成名

【拓展】sensational  adj. 现象级的

These days its export value in Japan, alongside other content such as video games, is approaching that of semiconductors or steel; it now claims more fans outside the country than within it.

如今,动漫与视频游戏等其他内容在日本的总出口价值正在接近半导体或钢铁的出口价值,动漫在国外拥有的粉丝比在国内还多。

claim  v. 拥有;赢得

【例】The group now claims 3000 members. 

这个团体现有成员3000人。

to claim the victory  赢得胜利

Those unfamiliar with the genre often wonder what anime is. "Animation created in Japan" is the simple definition offered by Rahul Purini, the head of Crunchyroll, an anime-streaming service with around 130m users across 200 countries.

不熟悉动漫的人常常想知道什么是动漫。Crunchyroll的老板拉胡尔·普里尼对动漫给出的简单定义是"日本制作的动画",Crunchyroll是拥有约1.3亿用户、覆盖200个国家的动漫流媒体服务平台。

claim  v. 拥有;赢得

【例】The group now claims 3000 members. 

这个团体现有成员3000人。

to claim the victory  赢得胜利

But there is also an aesthetic connotation: anime is usually hand-drawn and two-dimensional, unlike the photorealistic 3D animation that has grown more common outside Japan.

但动漫也有一种美学含义:动漫通常是手绘的和二维的,与在日本以外日益常见的逼真的3D动画不一样。

hand-drawn  adj. 手绘的

【例】hand-drawn illustrations

手绘插画

【拓展】hand-written  adj. 手写的

hand-picked  adj. 精挑细选的

hand-held  adj. 手提的;便携的

hand-made  adj. 手工制作的

decipherable  adj. 可破译的;可解释的

【例】His handwriting is barely decipherable.

他的笔迹几乎无法辨认。

【拓展】decipher  v. 破译;辨认

indecipherable  adj. 难以辨认的;难以理解的

The characters often resemble hyper-caffeinated Tintins, with unusually large, expressive eyes, small noses, strange hair and easily decipherable emotions.

动漫角色常常很像极度亢奋的丁丁,有着异常大而富有表现力的眼睛、小鼻子、奇怪的头发和易于解读的情感。

hand-drawn  adj. 手绘的

【例】hand-drawn illustrations

手绘插画

【拓展】hand-written  adj. 手写的

hand-picked  adj. 精挑细选的

hand-held  adj. 手提的;便携的

hand-made  adj. 手工制作的

decipherable  adj. 可破译的;可解释的

【例】His handwriting is barely decipherable.

他的笔迹几乎无法辨认。

【拓展】decipher  v. 破译;辨认

indecipherable  adj. 难以辨认的;难以理解的

Anime tends to be set in non-specific places, such as vaguely European-looking cities for some films by Miyazaki Hayao, Japan's most acclaimed creator. The setting makes it easy for non-Japanese audiences to relate; the only barrier is language, and animation is more easily dubbed than live-action films.

动漫往往设定在非特定的地点,比如在日本最受赞誉的创作者宫崎骏的一些电影中,设定地点有些像欧洲城市。这种设定使非日本观众很容易产生共鸣,唯一的障碍是语言,而动画比真人电影更容易配音。

acclaimed  adj. 受到赞誉的

【例】a highly/widely acclaimed performance 

受到高度/广泛赞扬的演出

【拓展】acclaim  v./n. 公开赞扬/赞誉

accolade  n. 荣誉;赞扬

relate  v. 建立联系;产生共鸣;心意相通

【例】The generation gap makes it hard for children to relate to their parents. 

代沟使得儿女们很难理解父母的想法。

【搭配】connect  v. 建立联结

Two factors help explain anime's surging global popularity. The first is streaming, which made anime easier to find and watch. Fans no longer have to depend on the decisions of network programmers or wait a week for another episode. They can binge, explore and discover on their own.

两个因素有助于解释动漫在全球范围内的迅速流行。第一个是流媒体,流媒体使人们更容易找到和观看动漫。粉丝们不再需要依赖网络程序员的决定,也不必再等一周才能看到下一集。他们可以尽情刷漫,自行探索和发现动漫。

resolution  n. (问题的)解决,消除

【例】a resolution of the dispute  对纠纷的解决

There's no neat resolution of difficult questions.

困难的问题没有干净利落的解决办法。

【近义词】solution/settlement  n. 解决办法

implausible  adj. 难以置信的;不像真实的

【例】an implausible excuse  无法让人相信的借口

an implausible story  牵强的故事

【反义词】plausible  adj. 貌似有理的;貌似真实的

Second, audiences have grown tired and suspicious of Hollywood's neat resolutions.

第二个因素,观众已经对好莱坞的完美结局感到厌倦和怀疑。

resolution  n. (问题的)解决,消除

【例】a resolution of the dispute  对纠纷的解决

There's no neat resolution of difficult questions.

困难的问题没有干净利落的解决办法。

【近义词】solution/settlement  n. 解决办法

implausible  adj. 难以置信的;不像真实的

【例】an implausible excuse  无法让人相信的借口

an implausible story  牵强的故事

【反义词】plausible  adj. 貌似有理的;貌似真实的

As Susan Napier, a professor at Tufts University and expert on anime, explains, "Technology hasn't brought us the utopia we thought it would, and the post-cold-war world has become more dangerous than we imagined," which makes happily-ever-after endings implausible.

正如塔夫茨大学教授、动漫专家苏珊·内皮尔所解释的,"技术并没有给我们带来想象中的乌托邦,冷战后的世界变得比我们想象的更加危险",这使得从此幸福快乐的结局变得无法令人相信。

resolution  n. (问题的)解决,消除

【例】a resolution of the dispute  对纠纷的解决

There's no neat resolution of difficult questions.

困难的问题没有干净利落的解决办法。

【近义词】solution/settlement  n. 解决办法

implausible  adj. 难以置信的;不像真实的

【例】an implausible excuse  无法让人相信的借口

an implausible story  牵强的故事

【反义词】plausible  adj. 貌似有理的;貌似真实的

Anime is willing to have heroes killed off and characters suffer huge loss. At the same time, the protagonists are often cute and relatable. "It's a dark world out there," Ms Napier says, so audiences "want that fluffy cuteness".

动漫愿意让英雄死去,让角色遭受巨大损失。同时,主角们通常是可爱的,可以让人产生共鸣的。"外面的世界很黑暗,"内皮尔说,所以观众"想要那种毛茸茸的可爱"。

protagonist  n. 主角;主人公

【例】the protagonist in the story 故事的主角

【近义词】main character/hero  主角

【辨析】antagonist  n. 对手;敌人

evolution  n. 进化;演变;发展

【例】He has witnessed the company's evolution from a small agency into a top-rated global firm.

他见证了公司从一个小中介机构发展为全球顶尖企业的过程。

【近义词】change/development  n. 变化;发展

Anime's global growth has been made possible by its own evolution. Japanese comic books and graphic novels, collectively known as "manga", have long provided the source material for anime.

动漫在全球范围内的发展得益于其自身的演变。日本漫画书和图像小说被统称为"漫画",长期以来一直为动漫提供素材。

protagonist  n. 主角;主人公

【例】the protagonist in the story 故事的主角

【近义词】main character/hero  主角

【辨析】antagonist  n. 对手;敌人

evolution  n. 进化;演变;发展

【例】He has witnessed the company's evolution from a small agency into a top-rated global firm.

他见证了公司从一个小中介机构发展为全球顶尖企业的过程。

【近义词】change/development  n. 变化;发展

Unlike comic books in Britain and America, manga are not primarily or even mostly for children. Thousands of new manga are published every year, on virtually every subject imaginable, from pornography to reflections on war, which gives anime an inexhaustible range of sources.

与英国和美国的漫画书不同,漫画主要,甚至大部分,都不是为儿童创作的。每年都有成千上万部新漫画出版,内容几乎涵盖了所有能想象到的主题,从色情到对战争的反思,这为动漫提供了取之不尽的素材来源。

inexhaustible  adj. 不会枯竭的;取之不尽的

【例】inexhaustible energy/jokes/patience

用不完的精力/讲不完的笑话/无尽的耐心

【拓展】exhaust  v. 用完;耗尽

exhaustive  adj. 穷尽的;彻底的

课后练习

  • Nowadays anime is ____.

    A. a domestically consumed niche product

    B. a cultural product with global popularity

    C. only watched by lonely teenagers at school

    D. the most valuable export industry in Japan

  • Which of the following statements about anime is correct?

    A. Anime features realistic 3-D style.

    B. Anime has drawn inspiration from Tintins.

    C. Anime has cute and unique-looking characters.

    D. Anime especially caters to the European audience.

  • What is one of the factors of anime's global popularity?

    A. The free promotion by streaming platforms.

    B. The availability of anime on streaming services.

    C. The more optimistic story than Hollywood movies.

    D. The larger fan base of anime than Hollywood movies.

  • How does manga contribute to the success of anime?

    A. Manga helps introduce anime to children.

    B. Manga is a vital source of funding for anime.

    C. Manga promotes anime in the form of comic books.

    D. Manga offers a diversity of stories for anime adaptation.


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