员工忠诚度到底傻不傻？(上)

在求职面试中可以看到忠诚的实时变化。在面试开始时，应聘者通常会把有望成为雇主的一方称为"您"("您想从担任这个职位的人身上看到什么？")。

双语精读

Is employee loyalty silly?

员工忠诚度是一种有些傻的说法吗？

Job interviews are an opportunity to see allegiances shift in real time. A candidate will usually refer to a prospective employer as "you" at the start of an interview ("What do you want to see from someone in this position?").

在求职面试中可以看到忠诚的实时变化。在面试开始时，应聘者通常会把有望成为雇主的一方称为"您"("您想从担任这个职位的人身上看到什么？")。

But occasionally the pronoun changes ("We should be thinking more about our approach to below-the-line marketing. Sorry, I mean 'you' should be").

但代词也会偶尔发生变化("我们应该更多地考虑我们的线下营销方式。不好意思，我是说‘您'应该")。

That "we" is a tiny, time-travelling glimpse of someone imagining themselves as the employee of a new company, of a fresh identity being forged and of loyalties being transferred.

这个"我们"是一个细微的、穿越时空的一瞥，人们把自己想象成一家新公司的员工，正在构建新的身份，正在转移自己的忠心。

Loyalty is seen as a virtue in most situations: among friends, family and football fans. Employee loyalty, however, is more complex. It is more transactional. Friends don't give each other performance reviews or fire each other for cost reasons.

忠诚在大多数情况下都被视为一种美德：在朋友、家人和球迷中都是如此。然而，员工忠诚度要复杂得多。它更具交易性质。朋友不会互相进行绩效评估，也不会因为成本而解雇对方。

It is less reciprocal. A worker can feel attachment to a company and a company can feel precisely nothing. (Which is why people often feel more loyal to team members and individual bosses than to their organisations.) And too much of it can impose high costs.

员工忠诚度的互惠程度也比较低。员工可以感觉到对公司的依恋，而公司却可以无动于衷。(这就是为什么人们往往对团队成员和某个老板比对他们的组织更忠诚。)员工忠诚度太高还可能会带来高昂的成本。

Wage bumps and careers are built on people changing jobs. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, which tracks wage growth in America, in April job switchers were being paid 7.6% more than a year earlier; job stickers were being paid only 5.6% more.

加薪和建立事业是在换工作的基础上实现的。根据追踪美国工资增长的亚特兰大联邦储备银行的数据，4月份，跳槽者的薪酬比去年高出7.6%，而未换工作者的薪酬仅高出5.6%。

A little promiscuity on the part of other people can help those who choose to stay where they are.

其他人在工作上稍微"寻花问柳"一下，这对那些选择保持现状的人可能有益。

A paper by Nathan Deutscher, a Treasury official in Australia, found that higher rates of job-hopping in local Australian labour markets were associated with faster wage growth both for workers who switched jobs and for those who did not. Loyalty is nice; so is bargaining power.

澳大利亚财政部官员内森·多伊切尔的一篇论文发现，澳大利亚当地劳动力市场的跳槽率升高，无论是对换工作的人还是没有换工作的人来说，都与更快的工资增长有关。忠诚是美好的，讨价还价的能力也是美好的。

Too much loyalty can harm workers in other ways. A piece of research published earlier this year by Matthew Stanley of Duke University and his co-authors tested how bosses felt about loyal workers.

过于忠诚可能会在其他方面损害员工的利益。杜克大学的马修·斯坦利和他的合著者今年早些时候发表了一项研究，测试了老板们对忠诚员工的看法。

The researchers asked managers how willing they were to ask a fictional employee named John to work overtime for no pay. If John was described as loyal, then bosses were happier to dump more work on him.

研究人员询问经理们，他们在多大程度上愿意让一位名叫约翰的虚构员工无偿加班。如果约翰被描述为很忠诚，那么老板们会更乐意把更多的工作扔给他。

The reverse also applied: workers who did more work for no reward were more likely to be described by managers as loyal. Dogs are known for their loyalty, remember, but not for their brains.

相反的情况也适用：做更多工作却没有得到回报的员工更有可能被经理描述为忠诚。请记住，狗是以忠诚，而不是以有头脑著称的。

词汇预习

• individual [高考]

  美[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] | 英[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]

  adj. 单独的；一个人的；独有的 n. 个人；个体

• employer [高考]

  美[ɪmˈplɔɪər] | 英[ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)]

  n. 雇主

• shift [高考]

  美[ʃɪft] | 英[ʃɪft]

  v. 移动；改变；换挡；字型转换 n. 轮班；变化；移动；计谋；轮班职工

• occasionally [高考]

  美[əˈkeɪʒnəli] | 英[əˈkeɪʒnəli]

  adv. 偶尔地

• precisely [高考]

  美[prɪˈsaɪsli] | 英[prɪˈsaɪsli]

  adv. 精确地

• loyal [高考]

  美[ˈlɔɪəl] | 英[ˈlɔɪəl]

  adj. 忠诚的；忠心的

• overtime [高考]

  美[ˈoʊvərtaɪm] | 英[ˈəʊvətaɪm]

  n. 加班时间(加班加点费)；(比赛)延长时间 adv. 在规定时间之外(超出时间地)

• reverse [高考]

  美[rɪˈvɜːrs] | 英[rɪˈvɜːs]

  v. 逆转；倒退；互换；改变 adj. 相反的；反面的；颠倒的 n. 相反；背面；失败；倒档

• impose [高考]

  美[ɪmˈpoʊz] | 英[ɪmˈpəʊz]

  v. 强加；课征；强迫；征收(税款)

• prospective [高考]

  美[prəˈspektɪv] | 英[prəˈspektɪv]

  adj. 预期的；未来的

• approach [高考]

  美[əˈproʊtʃ] | 英[əˈprəʊtʃ]

  v. 接近；建议；接洽；着手处理 n. 方法；接近；路径；道路

• growth [高考]

  美[ɡroʊθ] | 英[ɡrəʊθ]

  n. 【U】增长；生长；发展；种植 n. 【C】生长物；【医】瘤;赘生物

• complex [高考]

  美[kəmˈpleks , ˈkɑːmpleks] | 英[ˈkɒmpleks]

  adj. 复杂的；合成的；复合的 n. 综合体；复合体；[医]综合症状；[心]情结

• identity [高考]

  美[aɪˈdentəti] | 英[aɪˈdentəti]

  n. 一致；身份；特征

• candidate [高考]

  美[ˈkændɪdət] | 英[ˈkændɪdət]

  n. 候选人；应试者

• virtue [高考]

  美[ˈvɜːrtʃuː] | 英[ˈvɜːtʃuː]

  n. 美德；德行；优点；贞操

• labour [高考]

  美[ˈleɪbər] | 英[ˈleɪbə(r)]

  n. 劳动；劳工；分娩 v. 努力；干苦力活；困难吃力地行进；反复说明 n. (英国)工党

• wage [高考]

  美[weɪdʒ] | 英[weɪdʒ]

  n. 工资；报酬 v. 开展；从事；进行(战争、运动)

• approach to [高考]

  美[əˈprəʊtʃ tu] | 英[əˈproʊtʃ tu:]

  接近；通往……的方法

• thinking [高考]

  美[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] | 英[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]

  n. 思考；思想 adj. 好思考的；有理性的

• dump [高考]

  美[dʌmp] | 英[dʌmp]

  v. 丢弃，扔掉；乱堆，乱放；（在不合适的地方）丢下，抛弃；分手，甩掉；（向国外）倾销，抛售；（内存信息）转储，转存；（尤指系统发生故障后内存的）打印输出，卸出 n. 垃圾场；废料堆场；矿山废石堆；[非正式]脏地方；军需品临时存放处；转储，转存 【名】（Dump）（美）邓普（人名）

• where [高考]

  美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]

  adv. 在哪里；在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方

• loyalty [四级]

  美[ˈlɔɪəlti] | 英[ˈlɔɪəlti]

  n. 忠诚；忠心；忠贞

• glimpse [四级]

  美[ɡlɪmps] | 英[ɡlɪmps]

  n. 一瞥；一闪；略微；隐约感觉 v. 瞥见

• attachment [四级]

  美[əˈtætʃmənt] | 英[əˈtætʃmənt]

  n. 附件；附属物；忠诚；依恋；附著；依赖 n. [法律]扣押令

• known for [四级]

  美[non fɔr] | 英[nəʊn fɔ:]

  以 ... 著称

• loyal to [四级]

  美[ˈlɔɪəl tu] | 英[ˈlɔiəl tu:]

  效忠于

• marketing [四级]

  美[ˈmɑːrkɪtɪŋ] | 英[ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ]

  n. 市场营销；行销

• fictional [六级]

  美[ ˈfɪkʃənl] | 英[ˈfɪkʃənl]

  adj. 虚构的；小说的

• reciprocal [六级]

  美[rɪˈsɪprəkl] | 英[rɪˈsɪprəkl]

  adj. 互惠的；相互的；互补的 n. 相互；互惠；[数]倒数

• work overtime [专四]

  美[wɚk ˈovɚˌtaɪm] | 英[wə:k ˈəʊvəˌtaɪm]

  加班;加班加点

• felt [专八]

  美[fɛlt] | 英[felt]

  n. 毛毡；毡制品 vt. 制毡；使粘结 vi. 毡合

• Federal [考研]

  美[ˈfedərəl] | 英[ˈfedərəl]

  adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的；同盟的 n. 联邦主义者；同盟盟友

• don [托福]

  美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]

  n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上

重点讲解

Is employee loyalty silly?

员工忠诚度是一种有些傻的说法吗？

allegiance n. （对政党、宗教、统治者的）忠诚，效忠，拥戴

（英文释义：loyalty to a leader, country, belief etc.）

【例】The people here have strong political allegiances.

这里的民众政治忠诚度很高。

prospective a.

1. 有望的；可能的

【例】a prospective buyer 可能的买主

2. 很可能发生的

【例】They are worried about prospective changes in the law.

他们担心即将修改法律。

Job interviews are an opportunity to see allegiances shift in real time. A candidate will usually refer to a prospective employer as "you" at the start of an interview ("What do you want to see from someone in this position?").

在求职面试中可以看到忠诚的实时变化。在面试开始时，应聘者通常会把有望成为雇主的一方称为"您"("您想从担任这个职位的人身上看到什么？")。

allegiance n. （对政党、宗教、统治者的）忠诚，效忠，拥戴

（英文释义：loyalty to a leader, country, belief etc.）

【例】The people here have strong political allegiances.

这里的民众政治忠诚度很高。

prospective a.

1. 有望的；可能的

【例】a prospective buyer 可能的买主

2. 很可能发生的

【例】They are worried about prospective changes in the law.

他们担心即将修改法律。

But occasionally the pronoun changes ("We should be thinking more about our approach to below-the-line marketing. Sorry, I mean ‘you' should be").

但代词也会偶尔发生变化("我们应该更多地考虑我们的线下营销方式。不好意思，我是说‘您'应该")。

approach n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）（待人接物或思考问题的）方式，方法

【例】The school has decided to adopt a different approach to discipline.

学校决定采取另外一种方式解决纪律问题。

（2）（在距离或时间上的）靠近，接近

【例】the approach of spring 春天的来临

（3）路径；道路

【例】All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.

通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队守卫。

2. 作动词

（1）靠近，接近

【例】Winter is approaching.

冬天就要来临。

（2）（在数额、水平或质量上）接近

【例】Few writers approach his richness of language.

他语言之丰富很少有作家能望其项背。

（3）着手处理；对付

【例】What's the best way of approaching this problem?

处理这个问题的最佳方式是什么？

That "we" is a tiny, time-travelling glimpse of someone imagining themselves as the employee of a new company, of a fresh identity being forged and of loyalties being transferred.

这个"我们"是一个细微的、穿越时空的一瞥，人们把自己想象成一家新公司的员工，正在构建新的身份，正在转移自己的忠心。

forge v.

1. 形成，缔造〔尤指与其他人、团体或国家形成牢固的关系〕

【例】In 1776 the United States forged an alliance with France.

1776年美国与法国结盟。

2. 伪造，假冒〔尤指文书、笔迹等〕

【例】Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature.

有人偷了我的信用卡，并假冒我的签名。

3. 锻造；制作

【例】swords forged from steel

用钢锻造的刀剑

fire n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）火；火灾

【例】The car was now on fire.

小轿车在燃烧。

（2）射击；火力

【例】Their vehicle came under fire (= was being shot at).

他们的车遭到射击。

（3）激情；愤怒

【例】Her eyes were full of fire.

她的双眼充满激情的火花。

2. 作动词

（1）射击；开火

【例】Soldiers fired on the crowd.

军人朝人群开枪。

（2）解雇；开除

【例】She got fired from her first job.

她第一份工作是被解雇的。

（3）激励；激起热情

【例】His imagination had been fired by the film.

这部电影激发了他的想象力。

Loyalty is seen as a virtue in most situations: among friends, family and football fans. Employee loyalty, however, is more complex. It is more transactional. Friends don't give each other performance reviews or fire each other for cost reasons.

忠诚在大多数情况下都被视为一种美德：在朋友、家人和球迷中都是如此。然而，员工忠诚度要复杂得多。它更具交易性质。朋友不会互相进行绩效评估，也不会因为成本而解雇对方。

forge v.

1. 形成，缔造〔尤指与其他人、团体或国家形成牢固的关系〕

【例】In 1776 the United States forged an alliance with France.

1776年美国与法国结盟。

2. 伪造，假冒〔尤指文书、笔迹等〕

【例】Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature.

有人偷了我的信用卡，并假冒我的签名。

3. 锻造；制作

【例】swords forged from steel

用钢锻造的刀剑

fire n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）火；火灾

【例】The car was now on fire.

小轿车在燃烧。

（2）射击；火力

【例】Their vehicle came under fire (= was being shot at).

他们的车遭到射击。

（3）激情；愤怒

【例】Her eyes were full of fire.

她的双眼充满激情的火花。

2. 作动词

（1）射击；开火

【例】Soldiers fired on the crowd.

军人朝人群开枪。

（2）解雇；开除

【例】She got fired from her first job.

她第一份工作是被解雇的。

（3）激励；激起热情

【例】His imagination had been fired by the film.

这部电影激发了他的想象力。

It is less reciprocal. A worker can feel attachment to a company and a company can feel precisely nothing. (Which is why people often feel more loyal to team members and individual bosses than to their organisations.) And too much of it can impose high costs.

员工忠诚度的互惠程度也比较低。员工可以感觉到对公司的依恋，而公司却可以无动于衷。(这就是为什么人们往往对团队成员和某个老板比对他们的组织更忠诚。)员工忠诚度太高还可能会带来高昂的成本。

attachment n.

1. 依恋；爱慕

【例】a child's strong attachment to its parents 孩子对父母的强烈依恋

2. 附件，附属物

【例】I’ll send the spreadsheet as an attachment.

我将把电子表格作为附件发送。

3. 信仰，忠诚

【例】the popular attachment to democratic government

对民主政府的普遍拥护

impose v.

1. 强制实行；把…强加于

【例】A new tax was imposed on fuel.

当局开始对燃油征收一项新税。

2. 对…造成不利影响；给…造成困难

【例】Military spending imposes a huge strain on the economy.

军费开支给经济带来了沉重的负担。

3. 将〔想法、信仰等〕强加于〔某人〕

【例】She didn't want to impose her values on her family.

她并不想勉强家人接受自己的价值观。

Wage bumps and careers are built on people changing jobs. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, which tracks wage growth in America, in April job switchers were being paid 7.6% more than a year earlier; job stickers were being paid only 5.6% more.

加薪和建立事业是在换工作的基础上实现的。根据追踪美国工资增长的亚特兰大联邦储备银行的数据，4月份，跳槽者的薪酬比去年高出7.6%，而未换工作者的薪酬仅高出5.6%。

reserve n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）储备，储备量

【例】large oil and gas reserves 大量的石油和天然气贮藏量

（2）（动植物）保护区

【例】a wildlife reserve 野生动植物保护区

（3）谨慎；保留

【例】She trusted him without reserve (= completely).

她完全信任他。

2. 作动词

（1）保留，预留；预定

【例】These seats are reserved for special guests.

这些座位是留给贵宾的。

（2）拥有，保留（某种权力）

【例】All rights reserved. (= nobody else can publish or copy this).

版权所有。

switch v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）改变，转变

【例】She worked as a librarian before switching to journalism.

她在转行从事新闻工作前是图书馆管理员。

（2）交换；调班

【例】Can we switch our shifts around?

我们可以换个班吗？

2. 作名词

（1）（电路的）开关

【例】a light switch 电灯开关

（2）（彻底的）改变，转变

【例】an important policy switch 一项重要的政策改变

A little promiscuity on the part of other people can help those who choose to stay where they are.

其他人在工作上稍微"寻花问柳"一下，这对那些选择保持现状的人可能有益。

hop v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）跳跃，蹦跳

【例】a little girl hopping and skipping 一个蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩

（2）突然快速去某处

【例】We hopped over to Paris for the weekend.

我们冲到巴黎去过了个周末。

（3）换来换去；不断更换

【例】I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV.

我看电视时喜欢不断地转换频道。

2. 作名词：（小步）跳跃；啤酒花；（乘飞机的）短途旅行

【例】It’s just a short hop from Cleveland to Detroit.

从克利夫兰到底特律的航程很短。

A paper by Nathan Deutscher, a Treasury official in Australia, found that higher rates of job-hopping in local Australian labour markets were associated with faster wage growth both for workers who switched jobs and for those who did not. Loyalty is nice; so is bargaining power.

澳大利亚财政部官员内森·多伊切尔的一篇论文发现，澳大利亚当地劳动力市场的跳槽率升高，无论是对换工作的人还是没有换工作的人来说，都与更快的工资增长有关。忠诚是美好的，讨价还价的能力也是美好的。

hop v. & n.

1. 作动词

（1）跳跃，蹦跳

【例】a little girl hopping and skipping 一个蹦蹦跳跳的小女孩

（2）突然快速去某处

【例】We hopped over to Paris for the weekend.

我们冲到巴黎去过了个周末。

（3）换来换去；不断更换

【例】I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV.

我看电视时喜欢不断地转换频道。

2. 作名词：（小步）跳跃；啤酒花；（乘飞机的）短途旅行

【例】It’s just a short hop from Cleveland to Detroit.

从克利夫兰到底特律的航程很短。

Too much loyalty can harm workers in other ways. A piece of research published earlier this year by Matthew Stanley of Duke University and his co-authors tested how bosses felt about loyal workers.

过于忠诚可能会在其他方面损害员工的利益。杜克大学的马修·斯坦利和他的合著者今年早些时候发表了一项研究，测试了老板们对忠诚员工的看法。

willing a.

1. 愿意；乐意

【例】I'm perfectly willing to discuss the problem.

我十分乐意讨论这个问题。

2. 自愿的；乐于相助的

【例】willing helpers/volunteers

主动帮忙的人；志愿工作者

dump sth. on sb.

1. 把（不想要的工作、职责或麻烦）丢给某人

【例】Don’t just dump the extra work on me.

别把额外的工作都丢给我。

2. （不公正地）诋毁，恶劣对待

【例】politicians dumping on their opponents 诋毁对手的政客

3. 将（烦恼）向某人倾诉

【例】We all dump our troubles on Mike.

我们都向迈克倾诉烦恼。

The researchers asked managers how willing they were to ask a fictional employee named John to work overtime for no pay. If John was described as loyal, then bosses were happier to dump more work on him.

研究人员询问经理们，他们在多大程度上愿意让一位名叫约翰的虚构员工无偿加班。如果约翰被描述为很忠诚，那么老板们会更乐意把更多的工作扔给他。

willing a.

1. 愿意；乐意

【例】I'm perfectly willing to discuss the problem.

我十分乐意讨论这个问题。

2. 自愿的；乐于相助的

【例】willing helpers/volunteers

主动帮忙的人；志愿工作者

dump sth. on sb.

1. 把（不想要的工作、职责或麻烦）丢给某人

【例】Don’t just dump the extra work on me.

别把额外的工作都丢给我。

2. （不公正地）诋毁，恶劣对待

【例】politicians dumping on their opponents 诋毁对手的政客

3. 将（烦恼）向某人倾诉

【例】We all dump our troubles on Mike.

我们都向迈克倾诉烦恼。

The reverse also applied: workers who did more work for no reward were more likely to be described by managers as loyal. Dogs are known for their loyalty, remember, but not for their brains.

相反的情况也适用：做更多工作却没有得到回报的员工更有可能被经理描述为忠诚。请记住，狗是以忠诚，而不是以有头脑著称的。

willing a.

1. 愿意；乐意

【例】I'm perfectly willing to discuss the problem.

我十分乐意讨论这个问题。

2. 自愿的；乐于相助的

【例】willing helpers/volunteers

主动帮忙的人；志愿工作者

dump sth. on sb.

1. 把（不想要的工作、职责或麻烦）丢给某人

【例】Don’t just dump the extra work on me.

别把额外的工作都丢给我。

2. （不公正地）诋毁，恶劣对待

【例】politicians dumping on their opponents 诋毁对手的政客

3. 将（烦恼）向某人倾诉

【例】We all dump our troubles on Mike.

我们都向迈克倾诉烦恼。

课后练习

• In job interviews, the change from “you” to “we” suggests that ____.

  A. the candidate is confident of getting the job

  B. the candidate tries to leave a good impression

  C. the candidate feels like a member of the new team

  D. the candidate fully understands the interviewer

• What is one of the characteristics of employee loyalty?

  A. It relies on the profit of the employer.

  B. It fosters friendships between colleagues.

  C. It encourages the company to value the employee.

  D. It makes the boss willing to promote the employee.

• How does job-switching influence salaries?

  A. It brings higher salaries to employees.

  B. It limits the maximum salaries of employees.

  C. It slows the wage growth for job stickers.

  D. It has no significant effect on wage growth.

• The research by Matthew Stanley found that ____.

  A. bosses made wrong judgments about employees’ loyalty

  B. loyal employees might get no reward for doing extra work

  C. bosses tended to appoint loyal workers to important positions

  D. loyal employees might get more favourable treatment