员工忠诚度到底傻不傻？(下)

雇主往往很清楚是什么产生了忠诚。留任奖金就是在承认，最优秀的员工可能需要一点动力才能留下来。真正的忠诚往往会得到没什么价值的奖励：任职25年就能增加一周的假期？

双语精读

Employers tend to be clear-eyed about what generates loyalty. Retention bonuses are an admission that the best employees might need a little nudge to stay. Actual loyalty tends to get nugatory rewards: a week's extra holiday for 25 years of service?

雇主往往很清楚是什么产生了忠诚。留任奖金就是在承认，最优秀的员工可能需要一点动力才能留下来。真正的忠诚往往会得到没什么价值的奖励：任职25年就能增加一周的假期？

Netflix encourages its employees to speak to recruiters so that they know their worth in the open market and so that it can respond with counter-offers (an approach that makes more sense when you are prepared to pay top dollar and less so if you are in the non-profit sector).

网飞公司鼓励员工与招聘人员交谈，这样他们就知道自己在公开市场上有多少价值，这样网飞就可以用更好的薪资待遇回复员工(如果你准备支付高薪资，这种方法才更说得通，如果你在非营利部门，这个办法就不那么好了)。

Companies can nonetheless be wedded to the idea of loyalty. The group of employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Lab in the 1950s to found Fairchild Semiconductor was famously dubbed the "traitorous eight".

尽管如此，公司仍然可以坚守忠诚的理念。20世纪50年代离开肖克利半导体实验室，然后创立了飞兆半导体的一群员工被戏称为"八大叛徒"。

Some of that attitude still prevails. But unless you are a member of the mafia or a cleric, joining a competitor is neither treachery nor heresy.

这种态度在一定程度上仍然盛行。但除非你是黑手党成员或神职人员，否则加入竞争对手既不是背叛，也不是异端。

Indeed, boomerang hires-people who leave an employer and then come back-can offer a valuable blend of known quantity and new skills.

事实上，回旋镖招聘——离职的人又回到老东家——可以让已知数和新技能结合起来，这是非常有价值的结果。

Society can suffer if there is a surfeit of employee loyalty.

如果员工的忠诚度过高，社会可能会受到不利影响。

A paper on whistle-blowing, published in 2019 by James Dungan of the University of Chicago and his co-authors, found that employees were more likely to report wrongdoing if their concern was fair treatment of people outside the organisation and less likely to do so if they were more motivated by loyalty.

芝加哥大学的詹姆斯·邓根及其合著者在2019年发表的一篇关于检举揭发的论文发现，如果员工关心的是公平对待组织外的人，那么他们更有可能举报不当行为，如果他们更多的是出于忠诚的动机，那么他们不太可能这样做。

Other research suggests that competitive situations can encourage loyal members of one group to cheat in order to best another.

其他研究表明，竞争环境会鼓励一个群体中的忠诚成员为了打败另一个群体而作弊。

Employee loyalty can be great. Companies want workers who feel committed to them, who are prepared to go the extra mile and not join a rival at a moment's notice.

员工忠诚可以是伟大的。公司希望员工忠心耿耿，愿意付出额外努力，不会事先不打招呼就加入竞争对手的阵营。

Workers want to believe in and belong at a firm, confident that it warrants chunks of their finite time on Earth.

员工们希望能信赖公司并有归属感，相信自己将活在世上的有限生命中的大部分时间投入这份工作是正确的。

It is better all around, for job satisfaction and for performance, if employees stay put because they feel invested in their organisation than because they haven't got a better offer.

如果员工留在原公司是因为他们觉得想要致力于组织的事业，而不是因为没有更好的下家，那么这种情况对各方都更好：包括工作满意度和工作绩效。

But loyalty in the workplace is a self-interested decision, not a moral one. It should be contingent on being treated well, not a habit that becomes harder to break. Stay where you are because you like it, not because to leave would be immoral.

但职场中的忠诚是利己的决定，而不是道德上的决定。是否忠诚应该取决于是否被善待，忠诚不是一个越来越难改掉的习惯。留在原公司应该是因为你喜欢这里，而不是因为离开是不道德的。

词汇预习

• haven [高考]

  美[ˈheɪvn] | 英[ˈheɪvn]

  n. 港口；避难所 v. 安置 ... 于港中；庇护

• employer [高考]

  美[ɪmˈplɔɪər] | 英[ɪmˈplɔɪə(r)]

  n. 雇主

• competitive [高考]

  美[kəmˈpetətɪv] | 英[kəmˈpetətɪv]

  adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的；胜过或超过他人的

• competitor [高考]

  美[kəmˈpetɪtər] | 英[kəmˈpetɪtə(r)]

  n. 竞争者；对手

• loyal [高考]

  美[ˈlɔɪəl] | 英[ˈlɔɪəl]

  adj. 忠诚的；忠心的

• sector [高考]

  美[ˈsektər] | 英[ˈsektə(r)]

  n. 部门；部分；区域 n. [计]扇形；扇区 vt. 使分成部分

• approach [高考]

  美[əˈproʊtʃ] | 英[əˈprəʊtʃ]

  v. 接近；建议；接洽；着手处理 n. 方法；接近；路径；道路

• respond [高考]

  美[rɪˈspɑːnd] | 英[rɪˈspɒnd]

  v. 回答；响应；反应；反应灵敏；反响 n. [建]壁联；[宗]应唱圣歌

• profit [高考]

  美[ˈprɑːfɪt] | 英[ˈprɒfɪt]

  n. 利润；收益；利益 vi. 得益；获利 vt. 有益于

• admission [高考]

  美[ədˈmɪʃn] | 英[ədˈmɪʃn]

  n. 承认；入会费；许可

• quantity [高考]

  美[ˈkwɑːntəti] | 英[ˈkwɒntəti]

  n. 量；数量；大量

• self [高考]

  美[self] | 英[self]

  n. 自己；本性；自我 pron. 我自己；你自己；他或她自己 adj.同一的；纯净的；单一的 v. 近亲繁殖；自花授粉

• whistle [高考]

  美[ˈwɪsl] | 英[ˈwɪsl]

  n. 口哨；汽笛；警笛 v. 吹口哨；鸣汽笛；呼啸；吹口哨召唤

• organisation [高考]

  美[ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn] | 英[ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn]

  n. 组织；团体；条理

• in order [高考]

  美[ɪn 'ɔːrdər] | 英[ɪn 'ɔːdə]

  整齐；秩序井然；按顺序

• moral [高考]

  美[ˈmɔːrəl] | 英[ˈmɒrəl]

  adj. 道德的；精神上的 n. 寓意；道德；品行；伦理

• blend [高考]

  美[blend] | 英[blend]

  v. 混合 n. 混合物

• rival [高考]

  美[ˈraɪvl] | 英[ˈraɪvl]

  n. 竞争者；对手；同伴 adj. 竞争的 v. 竞争；与 ... 相匹敌

• workplace [高考]

  美[ˈwɜːrkpleɪs] | 英[ˈwɜːkpleɪs]

  n. 工作场所

• where [高考]

  美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]

  adv. 在哪里；在那个地方 conj. 在 ... 地方

• would [高考]

  美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]

  aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式

• loyalty [四级]

  美[ˈlɔɪəlti] | 英[ˈlɔɪəlti]

  n. 忠诚；忠心；忠贞

• nonetheless [四级]

  美[ˌnʌnðəˈles] | 英[ˌnʌnðəˈles]

  adv. 尽管如此(仍然)

• wrongdoing [四级]

  美[ˈrɔŋduɪŋ] | 英[ˈrɒŋdu:ɪŋ]

  n. 坏事；不道德行为；不法行为

• heresy [四级]

  美[ˈherəsi] | 英[ˈherəsi]

  n. 异端；异教；反面观点

• finite [六级]

  美[ˈfaɪnaɪt] | 英[ˈfaɪnaɪt]

  adj. 有限的

• treachery [专八]

  美[ˈtrɛtʃəri] | 英[ˈtretʃəri]

  n. 叛变；背叛

• immoral [专八]

  美[ɪˈmɔːrəl] | 英[ɪˈmɒrəl]

  adj. 不道德的

• nudge [专八]

  美[nʌdʒ] | 英[nʌdʒ]

  vt. 轻推；轻触；推进 vi. 轻推 n. 轻推

• contingent [专八]

  美[kənˈtɪndʒənt] | 英[kənˈtɪndʒənt]

  n. 代表团；小分队；偶然的事情 adj. 取决于；经验主义的；不可预知的

• non [考研]

  美[nɒn] | 英[nɒn]

  adv. [拉]非；不是

重点讲解

Employers tend to be clear-eyed about what generates loyalty. Retention bonuses are an admission that the best employees might need a little nudge to stay. Actual loyalty tends to get nugatory rewards: a week's extra holiday for 25 years of service?

雇主往往很清楚是什么产生了忠诚。留任奖金就是在承认，最优秀的员工可能需要一点动力才能留下来。真正的忠诚往往会得到没什么价值的奖励：任职25年就能增加一周的假期？

retention  n.

1. 保持；维持

【例】The company needs to improve its training and retention of staff.

公司需要改进对员工的培训和留用工作。

2. 记忆力；记性

【例】I have a real problem with retention of information.

我的记忆力真的有问题。

admission n.

1. （机构、组织等的）准许加入，加入权

【例】She failed to gain admission to the university of her choice.

她未被自己选择的大学录取。

2. （对过错、罪行的）承认，招认

【例】an admission of guilt/failure 承认有罪／失败

3. 入场费；门票费

【例】admission charges/prices 入场费

Netflix encourages its employees to speak to recruiters so that they know their worth in the open market and so that it can respond with counter-offers (an approach that makes more sense when you are prepared to pay top dollar and less so if you are in the non-profit sector).

网飞公司鼓励员工与招聘人员交谈，这样他们就知道自己在公开市场上有多少价值，这样网飞就可以用更好的薪资待遇回复员工(如果你准备支付高薪资，这种方法才更说得通，如果你在非营利部门，这个办法就不那么好了)。

counter prefix & n. & v.

1. 作前缀

（1）反；逆

【例】claims and counterclaims 索赔和反索赔

（2）对应，相当

【例】my counterpart in the American system 美国体制中与我地位相当的人

2. 作名词

（1）（商店、银行等的）柜台；计数器

【例】I asked the woman behind the counter if they had any postcards.

我问柜台后面的女售货员是否有明信片。

（2）（对意见、态度等的）反对，反驳

【例】The employers' association was seen as a counter to union power.

雇主协会被看作是工会权力的对头。

3. 作动词

（1）反驳，反对

【例】“But I was standing right here!” he countered.

“但我那时就站在这儿！” 他反驳道。

（2）抵制；抵消

【例】Exercise helps to counter the effects of stress.

运动有助于减轻压力。

pay top dollar 支付一大笔钱

【例】If you want the best, you have to pay top dollar.

你想要最好的，就得花大钱。

Companies can nonetheless be wedded to the idea of loyalty. The group of employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Lab in the 1950s to found Fairchild Semiconductor was famously dubbed the "traitorous eight".

尽管如此，公司仍然可以坚守忠诚的理念。20世纪50年代离开肖克利半导体实验室，然后创立了飞兆半导体的一群员工被戏称为"八大叛徒"。

be wedded to 执着于坚持（某种思想或做法）

【例】On the whole the working class is still wedded to the Labour Party.

总的说来，工薪阶层仍然拥护工党。

【拓展】wedded a.

1. 执着；全力以赴

【例】She's wedded to her job.

她专心致志地工作。

2. 已婚的

【例】your lawfully wedded husband 你的合法丈夫

dub v.

1. 把…戏称为；给…起绰号

【例】This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism” .

这也被戏称为 “季度资本主义”。

2. 为（影片或电视节目）配音；译制

【例】an American movie dubbed into Italian 用意大利语配音的美国影片

Some of that attitude still prevails. But unless you are a member of the mafia or a cleric, joining a competitor is neither treachery nor heresy.

这种态度在一定程度上仍然盛行。但除非你是黑手党成员或神职人员，否则加入竞争对手既不是背叛，也不是异端。

prevail v.

1. 普遍存在；盛行；流行

【例】Those beliefs still prevail among certain social groups.

那些信念在某些社会群体中仍很盛行。

2. （某个人、观点或原则）获胜

【例】Fortunately, common sense prevailed.

幸而理智占了上风。

【拓展】prevail on/upon sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事

【例】She prevailed upon her father to say nothing.

她说服父亲保持沉默。

Indeed****,**** boomerang hires—people**** who leave an**** employer**** and then**** come**** back****—can offer a valuable**** blend of**** known quantity**** and new skills****.****

事实上，回旋镖招聘——离职的人又回到老东家——可以让已知数和新技能结合起来，这是非常有价值的结果。

Society can suffer**** if**** there is**** a surfeit of**** employee**** loyalty.****

如果员工的忠诚度过高，社会可能会受到不利影响。

A paper on**** whistle-blowing,**** published in**** 2019**** by**** James Dungan**** of**** the University**** of**** Chicago and his co****-authors,**** found that**** employees were**** more**** likely**** to**** report**** wrongdoing**** if**** their concern was fair**** treatment of**** people**** outside the organisation**** and less**** likely**** to**** do**** so**** if**** they**** were**** more**** motivated by**** loyalty.****

芝加哥大学的詹姆斯·邓根及其合著者在2019年发表的一篇关于检举揭发的论文发现，如果员工关心的是公平对待组织外的人，那么他们更有可能举报不当行为，如果他们更多的是出于忠诚的动机，那么他们不太可能这样做。

Other research**** suggests**** that**** competitive situations**** can encourage loyal members of**** one group to**** cheat in**** order to**** best**** another.****

其他研究表明，竞争环境会鼓励一个群体中的忠诚成员为了打败另一个群体而作弊。

Employee loyalty can be great. Companies want workers who feel committed to them, who are prepared to go the extra mile and not join a rival at a moment's notice.

员工忠诚可以是伟大的。公司希望员工忠心耿耿，愿意付出额外努力，不会事先不打招呼就加入竞争对手的阵营。

at a moment’s notice 一经通知立即；没有准备时间

（英文释义：without warning or time for preparation）

【例】You must be ready to leave at a moment's notice.

你必须随时准备出发。

【拓展】any moment (now)

【例】Hurry up! He'll be back any moment now.

快点！他随时都会回来。

warrant v. & n.

1. 作动词：使正当；使恰当

【例】The situation scarcely warrants them being dismissed.

这种情况很难证明解雇他们是正当的。

2. 作名词

（1）执行令；授权令

【例】an arrest warrant 逮捕证

（2）（做某事的）正当理由，依据

【例】There is no warrant for such criticism.

这种批评毫无根据。

Workers want to believe in and belong at a firm, confident that it warrants chunks of their finite time on Earth.

员工们希望能信赖公司并有归属感，相信自己将活在世上的有限生命中的大部分时间投入这份工作是正确的。

at a moment’s notice 一经通知立即；没有准备时间

（英文释义：without warning or time for preparation）

【例】You must be ready to leave at a moment's notice.

你必须随时准备出发。

【拓展】any moment (now)

【例】Hurry up! He'll be back any moment now.

快点！他随时都会回来。

warrant v. & n.

1. 作动词：使正当；使恰当

【例】The situation scarcely warrants them being dismissed.

这种情况很难证明解雇他们是正当的。

2. 作名词

（1）执行令；授权令

【例】an arrest warrant 逮捕证

（2）（做某事的）正当理由，依据

【例】There is no warrant for such criticism.

这种批评毫无根据。

It is better all around, for job satisfaction and for performance, if employees stay put because they feel invested in their organisation than because they haven't got a better offer.

如果员工留在原公司是因为他们觉得想要致力于组织的事业，而不是因为没有更好的下家，那么这种情况对各方都更好：包括工作满意度和工作绩效。

all around/round

1. 在各方面；全面

【例】a good performance all around 从各方面看来都精彩的演出

2. 给每个人

【例】She bought drinks all around.

她给每个人都买了饮料。

【拓展】all-around a. 全能的；多才多艺的

【例】an all-around athlete 全能运动员

contingent a. & n.

1. 作形容词：依情况而变的，视条件而定的

【例】Further investment is contingent upon the company’s profit performance.

进一步的投资取决于公司的利润情况。

2. 作名词

（1）代表团

【例】The largest contingent was from the United States.

最大的会议代表团来自美国。

（2）（军队的）分遣队，小分队

【例】the French contingent in the UN peacekeeping force

联合国维和部队的法国分队

But loyalty in the workplace is a self-interested decision, not a moral one. It should be contingent on being treated well, not a habit that becomes harder to break. Stay where you are because you like it, not because to leave would be immoral.

但职场中的忠诚是利己的决定，而不是道德上的决定。是否忠诚应该取决于是否被善待，忠诚不是一个越来越难改掉的习惯。留在原公司应该是因为你喜欢这里，而不是因为离开是不道德的。

all around/round

1. 在各方面；全面

【例】a good performance all around 从各方面看来都精彩的演出

2. 给每个人

【例】She bought drinks all around.

她给每个人都买了饮料。

【拓展】all-around a. 全能的；多才多艺的

【例】an all-around athlete 全能运动员

contingent a. & n.

1. 作形容词：依情况而变的，视条件而定的

【例】Further investment is contingent upon the company’s profit performance.

进一步的投资取决于公司的利润情况。

2. 作名词

（1）代表团

【例】The largest contingent was from the United States.

最大的会议代表团来自美国。

（2）（军队的）分遣队，小分队

【例】the French contingent in the UN peacekeeping force

联合国维和部队的法国分队

课后练习

• The example of Netflix shows that ____.

  A. loyal employees can benefit the company’s long-term growth

  B. employees will stay due to higher salaries rather than loyalty

  C. employers should encourage the competition among workers

  D. companies need to invest heavily in talent to achieve growth

• What is the author’s attitude toward the “traitorous eight”?

  A. They lacked loyalty and honor.

  B. They were independent and brave.

  C. They should not be blamed.

  D. They were kind of selfish.

• The paper by James Dungan shows that ____.

  A. loyalty encourages fair treatment of workers

  B. loyalty may generate immoral behaviors

  C. loyalty may foster unhealthy competition

  D. loyalty can bring benefits to the society

• The author holds that employees should stay put if ____.

  A. the company wants committed workers

  B. they haven’t received a better offer

  C. they don’t want to betray their employers

  D. they are satisfied with their jobs and employers