何时该相信直觉(下)

举个例子，如果新的一天刚开始你的收件箱就塞满了新邮件，你绝不可能逐一仔细看完。

双语精读

To take one example, when your inbox brims with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Intuition is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened.

举个例子，如果新的一天刚开始你的收件箱就塞满了新邮件，你绝不可能逐一仔细看完。直觉会帮助你决定哪些需要回复、哪些需要删除、哪些可以放着不管。

Emails that are part of existing threads: open. Messages from people directly above and below you: open. Reminders from the chief information officer that cyber-security really, really matters: delete.

与目前工作相关的电子邮件：打开。直属上下级的消息：打开。来自信息部门主管提示网络安全重要性的提醒：删除。

Instinct is also at work on those occasions when people have completely zoned out. They might be working on something else during a Zoom call, or playing chess on their phones, or simply admiring the ceiling pattern.

当人们完全处于神游状态的时候，直觉也在起作用。他们可能一边在参加Zoom会议，一边在做其他事情，或者玩手机下棋游戏，又或者只是在欣赏天花板上的图案。

Suddenly they are aware of a silence, and realise that they have been asked something or are expected to make a contribution. This is the office equivalent of coming face to face with a lion.

突然他们感觉到了一阵沉默，然后才意识到刚刚有人向自己提问，或者想让自己给点意见。这种职场上的情形就和（在野外）迎面撞见一头狮子一样（可怕）。

Those who are fit to survive will say something plausible like "I'd like to understand how we are measuring success," prompting murmurs of agreement from everyone else who hasn't been paying attention but senses this might be a good answer.

那些能够蒙混过关的人会说一些貌似有理的话，比如"我想知道我们衡量成功的标准"，引起其他所有人低声附和。这些人其实也一直在走神，只不过感觉这个回答可能还不错罢了。

Fast thinking is not just about self-preservation. It can help the entire organisation. The value of many managerial decisions lies in the simple fact that they have been made at all.

快思考不仅能保护自己，对整个组织也颇有裨益。许多管理决策有价值的原因很简单，因为决定已经被做出来了。

Yet as data gushes from every pore of the modern organisation, the temptation to ask for one more bit of analysis has become much harder to resist.

然而，随着数据从现代组织的每一个孔隙中涌出，要求更多分析的诱惑已变得愈发难以抗拒。

A well-established psychological phenomenon known as "verbal overshadowing" captures the danger of overthinking things: people are more likely to misidentify someone in a line-up if they have spent time writing a description of their faces.

"语词遮蔽效应"这种广为人知的心理现象充分体现了过度思考的危险：如果人们花时间写下对某人的脸部描述，就更有可能（在指认对象中）认错人。

Managers often suffer from analytical overshadowing, mulling a simple problem until it turns into a complex one. When to use intuition in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition.

经理们经常会受到分析遮蔽效应的影响，他们会把一个简单的问题琢磨成一个复杂的问题。在职场上何时该依照直觉行事取决于它自己的模式识别形式。

Does the decision-maker have real expertise in this area? Is this a domain in which emotion matters more than reasoning? Above all, is it worth delaying the decision?

决策者在这一领域是否具备真正的专业知识？在这一领域中，情感是否比理性更重要？最重要的是，推迟做这一决定是否值得？

Slow thinking is needed to get the big calls right. But fast thinking is the way to stop deliberation turning to dither.

要想正确处理重要的事情，就需要慢思考。不过，快思考可以阻止深思熟虑变成犹豫不决。

词汇预习

• recognition [高考]

  美[ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn] | 英[ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn]

  n. 识别；认识；承认；认可；表彰，赞誉；（政府对他国的）外交认可

• psychological [高考]

  美[ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl] | 英[ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl]

  adj. 心理(学)的

• absolutely [高考]

  美[ˈæbsəluːtli] | 英[ˈæbsəluːtli]

  adv. 完全地；绝对地；[语]独立地 int. （表示赞同）完全正确，一点没错

• preservation [高考]

  美[ˌprezərˈveɪʃn] | 英[ˌprezəˈveɪʃn]

  n. 保存；维护；防腐

• temptation [高考]

  美[tempˈteɪʃn] | 英[tempˈteɪʃn]

  n. 诱惑；引诱物

• verbal [高考]

  美[ˈvɜːrbl] | 英[ˈvɜːbl]

  adj. 口头的；用言语的；用文字的；逐字的；动词的 n. 动名词

• equivalent [高考]

  美[ɪˈkwɪvələnt] | 英[ɪˈkwɪvələnt]

  adj. 等价的 相等的 n. 相等物

• data [高考]

  美[ˈdeɪtə] | 英[ˈdeɪtə]

  n. 数据；资料

• complex [高考]

  美[kəmˈpleks , ˈkɑːmpleks] | 英[ˈkɒmpleks]

  adj. 复杂的；合成的；复合的 n. 综合体；复合体；[医]综合症状；[心]情结

• aware [高考]

  美[əˈwer] | 英[əˈweə(r)]

  adj. 知道的；意识到的

• entire [高考]

  美[ɪnˈtaɪər] | 英[ɪnˈtaɪə(r)]

  adj. 全部的；整个的；完全的 n. 全部；整体；〈英〉一种黑啤酒；种马

• security [高考]

  美[sɪˈkjʊrəti] | 英[sɪˈkjʊərəti]

  n. 安全；保证；证券；债券；抵押；防护措施

• phenomenon [高考]

  美[fəˈnɑːmɪnən] | 英[fəˈnɒmɪnən]

  n. 现象；奇人；奇事

• description [高考]

  美[dɪˈskrɪpʃn] | 英[dɪˈskrɪpʃn]

  n. 描述；刻画；类型；说明书

• analysis [高考]

  美[əˈnæləsɪs] | 英[əˈnæləsɪs]

  n. 分析；解析

• chief [高考]

  美[tʃiːf] | 英[tʃiːf]

  adj. 主要的；首要的 n. 首领

• realise [高考]

  美['rɪrlaɪz] | 英['rɪəlaɪz]

  v. [英]意识到；实现；明白；变现

• resist [高考]

  美[rɪˈzɪst] | 英[rɪˈzɪst]

  v. 抵制；抵抗；反抗；忍住 n. 防蚀涂层

• self [高考]

  美[self] | 英[self]

  n. 自己；本性；自我 pron. 我自己；你自己；他或她自己 adj.同一的；纯净的；单一的 v. 近亲繁殖；自花授粉

• organisation [高考]

  美[ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn] | 英[ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn]

  n. 组织；团体；条理

• delete [高考]

  美[dɪˈliːt] | 英[dɪˈliːt]

  vt. 删除

• just about [高考]

  美[dʒʌst əˈbaʊt] | 英[dʒʌst əˈbaut]

  差不多； 几乎

• face to face [高考]

  美[ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs] | 英[ˌfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs]

  面对面地

• thinking [高考]

  美[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] | 英[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]

  n. 思考；思想 adj. 好思考的；有理性的

• domain [高考]

  美[doʊˈmeɪn] | 英[dəˈmeɪn]

  n. 领地；领域；范围

• analytical [高考]

  美[ˌænəˈlɪtɪkl] | 英[ˌænəˈlɪtɪkl]

  adj. 分析的；解析的；善于解析的

• expertise [高考]

  美[ˌekspɜːrˈtiːz] | 英[ˌekspɜːˈtiːz]

  n. 专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见

• workplace [高考]

  美[ˈwɜːrkpleɪs] | 英[ˈwɜːkpleɪs]

  n. 工作场所

• turning [高考]

  美[ˈtɜːrnɪŋ] | 英[ˈtɜːnɪŋ]

  n. 旋转；回转；转向

• managerial [四级]

  美[ˌmænəˈdʒɪriəl] | 英[ˌmænəˈdʒɪəriəl]

  adj. 管理的

• aware of [四级]

  美 | 英

  知道的, 察觉到的, 意识到的

• existing [四级]

  美[ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ] | 英[ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ]

  adj. 现存的；现有的

• deliberation [四级]

  美[dɪˌlɪbəˈreʃən] | 英[dɪˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn]

  n. 熟虑；审议；从容

• intuition [六级]

  美[ˌɪntuˈɪʃn] | 英[ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn]

  n. 直觉；直觉的知识

• plausible [六级]

  美[ˈplɔːzəbl] | 英[ˈplɔːzəbl]

  adj. 似真实合理的；动听的；看起来有道理的，貌似可信的

• pore [六级]

  美[pɔːr] | 英[pɔː(r)]

  n. 毛孔；小孔 v. 熟读；钻研；沉思

• dither [专八]

  美[ˈdɪðɚ] | 英[ˈdɪðə(r)]

  n. 抖；发抖；兴奋 v. 发抖；犹豫不决

• well-established [考研]

  美[ˈwɛlɪsˈtæblɪʃt] | 英['welɪs'tæblɪʃt]

  adj. 得到确认的；固定下来的 v. 已确立起来；固定下来（well-establish的过去分词）

重点讲解

To take one example, when your inbox brims with new emails at the start of a new day, there is absolutely no way to read them all carefully. Intuition is what helps you decide which ones to answer and which to delete or leave unopened.

举个例子，如果新的一天刚开始你的收件箱就塞满了新邮件，你绝不可能逐一仔细看完。直觉会帮助你决定哪些需要回复、哪些需要删除、哪些可以放着不管。

brim   n. & v.

1. 作名词，（杯、碗等的）边沿

【例】The two wine glasses are filled to the brim.

两只酒杯都斟满了。

2. 作动词，（使）充满

【例】Her eyes brimmed with tears. 

她热泪盈眶。

【搭配】be brimming with sth 充满某物

【例】The team were brimming with confidence before the game.

该队在赛前信心满满。

Emails that are part of existing threads: open. Messages from people directly above and below you: open. Reminders from the chief information officer that cyber-security really, really matters: delete.

与目前工作相关的电子邮件：打开。直属上下级的消息：打开。来自信息部门主管提示网络安全重要性的提醒：删除。

thread   n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）毛线；丝线

【例】a needle and thread 针线

（2）线状物

【例】a thread of light 一丝光亮

（3）线索；头绪；思路

【例】The lecturer brought all the threads together. 

讲演者把所有的线索都联系起来.

2. 作动词

（1）穿成串

【例】to thread beads 把珠子串起来

（2）穿过；穿行

【例】The waiters threaded between the crowded tables. 

服务员穿行在拥挤的餐桌之间

Instinct is also at work on those occasions when people have completely zoned out. They might be working on something else during a Zoom call, or playing chess on their phones, or simply admiring the ceiling pattern.

当人们完全处于神游状态的时候，直觉也在起作用。他们可能一边在参加Zoom会议，一边在做其他事情，或者玩手机下棋游戏，又或者只是在欣赏天花板上的图案。

zone out   走神；精神不集中

（英文释义：to stop paying attention and not hear or see what is around you for a short period of time）

【例】When the men start talking about football, I just zone out.

几个男人开始谈论足球时，我就走神了。

Suddenly they are aware of a silence, and realise that they have been asked something or are expected to make a contribution. This is the office equivalent of coming face to face with a lion.

突然他们感觉到了一阵沉默，然后才意识到刚刚有人向自己提问，或者想让自己给点意见。这种职场上的情形就和（在野外）迎面撞见一头狮子一样（可怕）。

equivalent  n. & adj.

1. 作名词，相等的东西；对应的东西

【例】Breathing such polluted air is the equivalent of smoking ten cigarettes a day. 

呼吸污染这么严重的空气等于每天抽十支烟。

【拓展】同义词  equivalence

2. 作形容词，（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的

【搭配】be equivalent to sth 等于某物

【例】Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 

八公里约等于五英里。

Those who are fit to survive will say something plausible like "I'd like to understand how we are measuring success," prompting murmurs of agreement from everyone else who hasn't been paying attention but senses this might be a good answer.

那些能够蒙混过关的人会说一些貌似有理的话，比如"我想知道我们衡量成功的标准"，引起其他所有人低声附和。这些人其实也一直在走神，只不过感觉这个回答可能还不错罢了。

plausible  adj. 有道理的；听起来可信的

【例】The only plausible explanation is that he forgot. 

唯一合理的解释就是他忘掉了。

Fast**** thinking**** is**** not just**** about self****-preservation****.**** It**** can help**** the entire**** organisation****.**** The value of**** many**** managerial**** decisions lies**** in**** the simple**** fact**** that**** they**** have**** been**** made**** at**** all.****

快思考不仅能保护自己，对整个组织也颇有裨益。许多管理决策有价值的原因很简单，因为决定已经被做出来了。

Yet as**** data**** gushes**** from**** every pore**** of**** the modern**** organisation****,**** the temptation**** to**** ask for one more**** bit of**** analysis**** has become**** much**** harder**** to**** resist****.****

然而，随着数据从现代组织的每一个孔隙中涌出，要求更多分析的诱惑已变得愈发难以抗拒。

A well-established psychological phenomenon known as "verbal overshadowing" captures the danger of overthinking things: people are more likely to misidentify someone in a line-up if they have spent time writing a description of their faces.

"语词遮蔽效应"这种广为人知的心理现象充分体现了过度思考的危险：如果人们花时间写下对某人的脸部描述，就更有可能（在指认对象中）认错人。

rest on

1. 取决于

（英文释义：to depend on someone or something）

【例】Our success rests on an increase in sales.

我们的成功取决于销售量的上涨。

2. 基于；以……为基础

【例】The whole argument rests on a false assumption. 

整个论点都是基于一个错误的假设。

3. 依赖；依靠

【例】All our hopes now rest on you. 

现在所有的希望都寄托在你的身上。

Managers often suffer from analytical overshadowing, mulling a simple problem until it turns into a complex one. When to use intuition in the workplace rests on its own form of pattern recognition.

经理们经常会受到分析遮蔽效应的影响，他们会把一个简单的问题琢磨成一个复杂的问题。在职场上何时该依照直觉行事取决于它自己的模式识别形式。

rest on

1. 取决于

（英文释义：to depend on someone or something）

【例】Our success rests on an increase in sales.

我们的成功取决于销售量的上涨。

2. 基于；以……为基础

【例】The whole argument rests on a false assumption. 

整个论点都是基于一个错误的假设。

3. 依赖；依靠

【例】All our hopes now rest on you. 

现在所有的希望都寄托在你的身上。

Does**** the decision****-maker have**** real**** expertise in**** this**** area****?**** Is**** this**** a domain**** in**** which emotion matters more**** than**** reasoning?**** Above all,**** is**** it**** worth delaying**** the decision****?****

决策者在这一领域是否具备真正的专业知识？在这一领域中，情感是否比理性更重要？最重要的是，推迟做这一决定是否值得？

Slow**** thinking**** is**** needed**** to**** get the big calls right.**** But fast**** thinking**** is**** the way to**** stop**** deliberation**** turning to**** dither****.****

要想正确处理重要的事情，就需要慢思考。不过，快思考可以阻止深思熟虑变成犹豫不决。

课后练习

• The example of email is used to illustrate that ____.

  A. there is an information overload in workplaces

  B. sending emails is inefficient communication

  C. intuition helps people prioritize their tasks

  D. organizing the inbox is time-consuming

• When people have zoned out, instinct enables them to ____.

  A. keep track of the content of the meeting

  B. give timely replies to unexpected questions

  C. sense the change of emotions of attendees

  D. concentrate on things that truly matter

• What does analytical overshadowing mean?

  A. Managers are blind to significant details.

  B. Managers fail to testify the truth of information.

  C. Managers complicate matters by overthinking.

  D. Managers make decisions without sufficient analysis.

• According to the text, intuition should be used when ____.

  A. the decision to be made has a profound impact

  B. reasoning plays a more important role than emotion

  C. delaying the decision could bring more opportunities

  D. hesitation has got in the way of achieving success