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居家办公何时会被降薪?

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居家办公何时会被降薪?

雇主们正在命令员工回到办公室。最近几周,硬件制造商戴尔和摩根大通银行都发布了这样的规定。 居家办公何时会被降薪?

双语精读

When will work-from-homers see their pay fall?

居家办公者的工资什么时候会下降?

Employers are ordering workers back to the office. In recent weeks Dell, a hardware-maker, and JPMorgan Chase, a bank, have issued such decrees.

雇主们正在命令员工回到办公室。最近几周,硬件制造商戴尔和摩根大通银行都发布了这样的规定。

They join a growing list that includes AT&T, Amazon and even the American government, where Elon Musk-who has called remote work "morally wrong" and its supporters "detached from reality"-has championed the shift.

与这二者类似的组织越来越多,其中包括美国电话电报公司、亚马逊,甚至美国政府,埃隆·马斯克在政府提倡从居家办公到坐班的转变,他称远程工作“在道德上是错误的”,其支持者“脱离现实”。

Bosses insist that mandates will boost productivity. Workers see them as a way to cut staff without mass firings.

老板们坚持认为,强制坐班会提高生产力。工作者们认为这是不进行大规模裁员而削减员工的方式。

If the goal is to reduce costs, there may be a simpler way: lower pay for remote workers. A new study indicates many would take the deal.

如果目标是降低成本,可能有一个更简单的办法:降低远程工作者的工资。一项新的研究表明,许多人会接受这笔交易。

Zoe Cullen of Harvard Business School, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson of Brown University and Ricardo Perez-Truglia of the University of California, Los Angeles, find that tech workers are willing to accept a pay cut of 25% in return for fully or partly remote jobs.

哈佛大学商学院的佐伊·卡伦、布朗大学的博巴克·帕克扎德-赫森、加州大学洛杉矶分校的里卡多·佩雷斯-特鲁格利亚发现,科技工作者愿意接受25%的降薪,以换取全远程或半远程工作。

That suggests remote work is much more than a perk. If workers value it more than bosses dislike it, there should be scope for bargaining.

这表明远程工作不仅仅是一种福利。如果工作者对远程工作的重视程度超过老板对它的厌恶程度,那么就应该有讨价还价的余地。

Historically, perks with clear monetary value have come at a cost to wages. Jonathan Gruber of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Alan Krueger of Princeton University have found that when American states in the 1980s raised mandatory compensation insurance for workplace injuries, wages fell to offset the cost.

从历史上看,具有明确金钱价值的福利是以降低工资为代价的。麻省理工学院的乔纳森·格鲁伯和普林斯顿大学的艾伦·克鲁格发现,当美国各州在20世纪80年代提高了强制性工伤赔偿保险时,为了抵消成本,工资下降了。

If remote work is, like the provision of benefits, costly to companies but valuable to workers, wages should follow the same pattern. Yet in most cases so far they have not.

如果远程工作就像补充福利一样,对公司来说成本高昂,但对员工来说很有价值,那么工资也应该遵循同样的模式。然而在大多数情况下,工资目前没有遵循这种模式。

One explanation may be that firms are reluctant to create visible pay gaps between remote and in-office workers. Human-resource policies generally aim for internal equity to prevent resentment.

一种解释可能是公司不愿意在远程办公员工和坐班员工之间制造明显的薪酬差距。人力资源政策通常力求实现内部公平,从而防止产生怨言。

Another explanation is that remote work has become a bargaining chip. Rather than lowering wages, firms use flexibility to attract and retain top performers.

另一种解释是远程工作已经成为一种谈判筹码。企业不是降低工资,而是利用灵活性来吸引和留住顶尖人才。

Take an artificial-intelligence specialist earning $250,000 at Amazon. If the tech giant orders them back to the office, a less prestigious rival may not match the salary but could lure them with a remote-work offer.

以一位年薪25万美元的亚马逊人工智能专家为例。如果亚马逊要求他们坐班,一家不那么知名的对手公司可能无法给出这么高的薪资,但可能用远程工作的机会来吸引他们。

But what happens when labour-market conditions worsen? If workers have fewer options, firms may no longer need to compete by offering remote work. Instead, they may begin pricing it in-offering lower salaries for remote roles, knowing job-hunters have fewer alternatives.

但是当劳动力市场状况变差时,会发生什么呢?如果工作者的选择更少,那么公司可能不再需要通过提供远程工作而互相竞争。相反,公司可能会开始把远程工作算进工资——为远程职位提供更低的薪水,因为公司知道求职者的选择更少了。

词汇预习

  • giant [高考]
    美[ˈdʒaɪənt] | 英[ˈdʒaɪənt]
    n. 巨人;巨物;大公司
    adj. 巨大的
  • shift [高考]
    美[ʃɪft] | 英[ʃɪft]
    v. 移动;改变;换挡;字型转换
    n. 轮班;变化;移动;计谋;轮班职工
  • productivity [高考]
    美[ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti] | 英[ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]
    n. 生产率;生产力
  • visible [高考]
    美[ˈvɪzəbl] | 英[ˈvɪzəbl]
    adj. 看得见的;可见的;显而易见的
    n. 物质世界;看得见的事物;直观教具
  • flexibility [高考]
    美[ˌfleksə'bɪləti] | 英[ˌfleksə'bɪləti]
    n. 灵活性;弹性;适应性;柔韧性
  • costly [高考]
    美[ˈkɔːstli] | 英[ˈkɒstli]
    adj. 昂贵的;代价高的
  • internal [高考]
    美[ɪnˈtɜːrnl] | 英[ɪnˈtɜːnl]
    adj. 国内的;内部的;身内的
  • retain [高考]
    美[rɪˈteɪn] | 英[rɪˈteɪn]
    vt. 保持;保留;记住;聘请
  • reluctant [高考]
    美[rɪˈlʌktənt] | 英[rɪˈlʌktənt]
    adj. 不情愿的;勉强的
  • compensation [高考]
    美[ˌkɑːmpenˈseɪʃn] | 英[ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn]
    n. 补偿;赔偿;赔偿金
  • worsen [高考]
    美[ˈwɜrsn] | 英[ˈwɜ:sn]
    v. (使)更坏;(使) 恶化
  • provision [高考]
    美[prəˈvɪʒn] | 英[prəˈvɪʒn]
    n. 提供,供应;准备,预备;(尤指为旅行准备的)食物,必需品;条款,规定;赡养,供养;准备金
    v. 为…提供所需物品(尤指食物);(为已知债务)留出准备金
  • boost [高考]
    美[buːst] | 英[buːst]
    v. 提高;增加;鼓励;举起;为...做宣传
    n. 增加;推进;鼓励
  • mass [高考]
    美[ mæs] | 英[mæs]
    n. 大量;块;众多
    adj. 大规模的;群众的
    v. 集中
    n. 弥撒曲;弥撒
  • explanation [高考]
    美[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn] | 英[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn]
    n. 解释;说明
  • intelligence [高考]
    美[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns] | 英[ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]
    n. 智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报
  • remote [高考]
    美[rɪˈmoʊt] | 英[rɪˈməʊt]
    adj. 遥远的;偏僻的;远程的;(感情等)距离很大
    n. 远程操作
  • artificial [高考]
    美[ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl] | 英[ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl]
    adj. 人造的;虚伪的;武断的
  • salary [高考]
    美[ˈsæləri] | 英[ˈsæləri]
    n. 薪水
    v. 给 ... 薪水
  • insurance [高考]
    美[ɪnˈʃʊrəns] | 英[ɪnˈʃʊərəns]
    n. 保险;保险费;安全保障
  • specialist [高考]
    美[ˈspeʃəlɪst] | 英[ˈspeʃəlɪst]
    n. 专家;专科医生;专食性动物
  • labour [高考]
    美[ˈleɪbər] | 英[ˈleɪbə(r)]
    n. 劳动;劳工;分娩
    v. 努力;干苦力活;困难吃力地行进;反复说明
    n. (英国)工党
  • aim for [高考]
    美[em fɔr] | 英[eim fɔ:]
    瞄准; 以 ... 为目标
  • lower [高考]
    美[ˈloʊər] | 英[ˈləʊə(r)]
    adj. 低的;下级的;下层的
    v. 降低;减弱;跌落
  • hardware [高考]
    美[ˈhɑːrdwer] | 英[ˈhɑːdweə(r)]
    n. 五金器具;[计] 硬件;武器装备
  • rival [高考]
    美[ˈraɪvl] | 英[ˈraɪvl]
    n. 竞争者;对手;同伴
    adj. 竞争的
    v. 竞争;与 ... 相匹敌
  • workplace [高考]
    美[ˈwɜːrkpleɪs] | 英[ˈwɜːkpleɪs]
    n. 工作场所
  • where [高考]
    美[wer] | 英[weə(r)]
    adv. 在哪里;在那个地方
    conj. 在 ... 地方
  • would [高考]
    美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
    aux. 将;可能;大概;总会;愿意;will的过去式
  • scope [四级]
    美[skoʊp] | 英[skəʊp]
    n. 机会;范围;眼界;观看的仪器
    vt. 仔细研究
  • tech [四级]
    美[tek] | 英[tek]
    n. 技术学校;技术;技术人员
  • morally [四级]
    美[ˈmɔrəli] | 英[ˈmɒrəli]
    adv. 道德上地;道义上地
  • come at [四级]
    美[kʌm æt] | 英[kʌm æt]
    v. 达到;袭击;弄清
  • in return for [四级]
    美[ɪn rɪ'tɜːrn fɔːr] | 英[ɪn rɪ'tɜːn fɔː]
    作为 ... 的报酬; 替换
  • offering [四级]
    美[ˈɔːfərɪŋ] | 英[ˈɒfərɪŋ]
    n. 供品;作品;出售物
  • monetary [四级]
    美[ˈmɑːnɪteri] | 英[ˈmʌnɪtri]
    adj. 货币的;金融的
  • fully [六级]
    美[ˈfʊli] | 英[ˈfʊli]
    adv. 十分地;完全地;全部;足足
  • prestigious [六级]
    美[preˈstɪdʒəs] | 英[preˈstɪdʒəs]
    adj. 享有声望的;声望很高的;[古]魔术的
  • equity [六级]
    美[ˈekwəti] | 英[ˈekwəti]
    n. 公平;公正
    n. 衡平法;权益;产权;(无固定利息的)股票
  • offset [六级]
    美[ˈɔːfset] | 英[ˈɒfset]
    vt. 抵消;补偿;(为了比较的目的而)把…并列(或并置);为(管道等)装支管
    vi. 形成分支,长出分枝;装支管
    n. 抵消物,补偿;偏离量,偏离距离;(测绘)支距;(电压或电流的)偏离;分支,(山的)支脉;(建筑)壁阶;胶印法
    adj. 胶印的,平版印刷的;偏离中心的,偏移的
  • lure [六级]
    美[lʊr] | 英[lʊə(r)]
    vt. 诱惑;吸引
    n. 诱惑;吸引力;饵
  • fell [专四]
    美[fel] | 英[fel]
    vt. 砍伐;击倒
    n. 丘原;沼泽地
    adj. 凶残的;毁灭性的
  • mandatory [专八]
    美[ˈmændətɔːri] | 英[ˈmændətəri]
    adj. 法定的;义务的;强制性的;受委托的
    n. 受托管理者
  • perk [专八]
    美[pɜːrk] | 英[pɜːk]
    v. (使)振作;打扮;竖起
    vi. 滤煮
    n. 额外津贴;特权;利益
  • resentment [考研]
    美[rɪˈzɛntmənt] | 英[rɪˈzentmənt]
    n. 怨恨;愤恨

重点讲解

When will work-from-homers see their pay fall?

居家办公者的工资什么时候会下降?

be detached from  与……分离/脱节

【例】The hood can be detached from the coat.

帽子可以从外套上拆下来。

【搭配】detach sth from 把某物与……分离

【反义词】be attached to  与……连接

【例】The hood is attached to the coat.

帽子是连在外套上的。

Employers are ordering workers back to the office. In recent weeks Dell, a hardware-maker, and JPMorgan Chase, a bank, have issued such decrees.

雇主们正在命令员工回到办公室。最近几周,硬件制造商戴尔和摩根大通银行都发布了这样的规定。

be detached from  与……分离/脱节

【例】The hood can be detached from the coat.

帽子可以从外套上拆下来。

【搭配】detach sth from 把某物与……分离

【反义词】be attached to  与……连接

【例】The hood is attached to the coat.

帽子是连在外套上的。

They join a growing list that includes AT&T, Amazon and even the American government, where Elon Musk—who has called remote work “morally wrong” and its supporters “detached from reality”—has championed the shift.

与这二者类似的组织越来越多,其中包括美国电话电报公司、亚马逊,甚至美国政府,埃隆·马斯克在政府提倡从居家办公到坐班的转变,他称远程工作“在道德上是错误的”,其支持者“脱离现实”。

be detached from  与……分离/脱节

【例】The hood can be detached from the coat.

帽子可以从外套上拆下来。

【搭配】detach sth from 把某物与……分离

【反义词】be attached to  与……连接

【例】The hood is attached to the coat.

帽子是连在外套上的。

Bosses insist that mandates will boost productivity. Workers see them as a way to cut staff without mass firings.

老板们坚持认为,强制坐班会提高生产力。工作者们认为这是不进行大规模裁员而削减员工的方式。

mandate  n. & v.

1. 作名词:强制命令

【例】The bank had no mandate to honour the cheque. 

银行没有得到指令来承兑这张支票。

2. 作动词:强制命令;强制执行

【例】The law mandates that imported goods be identified as such. 

法律规定进口货物必须如实标明。

【拓展】mandatory  adj. 强制的;法定的

If the goal is to reduce costs, there may be a simpler way: lower pay for remote workers. A new study indicates many would take the deal.

如果目标是降低成本,可能有一个更简单的办法:降低远程工作者的工资。一项新的研究表明,许多人会接受这笔交易。

mandate  n. & v.

1. 作名词:强制命令

【例】The bank had no mandate to honour the cheque. 

银行没有得到指令来承兑这张支票。

2. 作动词:强制命令;强制执行

【例】The law mandates that imported goods be identified as such. 

法律规定进口货物必须如实标明。

【拓展】mandatory  adj. 强制的;法定的

Zoe Cullen of Harvard Business School, Bobak Pakzad-Hurson of Brown University and Ricardo Perez-Truglia of the University of California, Los Angeles, find that tech workers are willing to accept a pay cut of 25% in return for fully or partly remote jobs.

哈佛大学商学院的佐伊·卡伦、布朗大学的博巴克·帕克扎德-赫森、加州大学洛杉矶分校的里卡多·佩雷斯-特鲁格利亚发现,科技工作者愿意接受25%的降薪,以换取全远程或半远程工作。

in return for  交换;回报

【例】Can I buy you lunch in return for your help? 

作为你帮忙的回报,我请你吃午饭好吗?

【近义词】in exchange for  交换;换取

scope  n. 机会;余地

【例】There is scope for improvement.

还有进步的空间。

Her job offers very little scope for promotion. 

她的工作晋升空间很小。

【近义词】room  n. 空间;余地

That suggests remote work is much more than a perk. If workers value it more than bosses dislike it, there should be scope for bargaining.

这表明远程工作不仅仅是一种福利。如果工作者对远程工作的重视程度超过老板对它的厌恶程度,那么就应该有讨价还价的余地。

in return for  交换;回报

【例】Can I buy you lunch in return for your help? 

作为你帮忙的回报,我请你吃午饭好吗?

【近义词】in exchange for  交换;换取

scope  n. 机会;余地

【例】There is scope for improvement.

还有进步的空间。

Her job offers very little scope for promotion. 

她的工作晋升空间很小。

【近义词】room  n. 空间;余地

Historically, perks with clear monetary value have come at a cost to wages. Jonathan Gruber of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Alan Krueger of Princeton University have found that when American states in the 1980s raised mandatory compensation insurance for workplace injuries, wages fell to offset the cost.

从历史上看,具有明确金钱价值的福利是以降低工资为代价的。麻省理工学院的乔纳森·格鲁伯和普林斯顿大学的艾伦·克鲁格发现,当美国各州在20世纪80年代提高了强制性工伤赔偿保险时,为了抵消成本,工资下降了。

offset  v. 抵消;弥补

【例】Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.

他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。

【近义词】counterbalance  v. 制衡;抵消

【例】His cool judgement can counterbalance her impulsivity.

他的冷静判断可以与她的冲动相制衡。

If remote work is, like the provision of benefits, costly to companies but valuable to workers, wages should follow the same pattern. Yet in most cases so far they have not.

如果远程工作就像补充福利一样,对公司来说成本高昂,但对员工来说很有价值,那么工资也应该遵循同样的模式。然而在大多数情况下,工资目前没有遵循这种模式。

offset  v. 抵消;弥补

【例】Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.

他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。

【近义词】counterbalance  v. 制衡;抵消

【例】His cool judgement can counterbalance her impulsivity.

他的冷静判断可以与她的冲动相制衡。

One explanation may be that firms are reluctant to create visible pay gaps between remote and in-office workers. Human-resource policies generally aim for internal equity to prevent resentment.

一种解释可能是公司不愿意在远程办公员工和坐班员工之间制造明显的薪酬差距。人力资源政策通常力求实现内部公平,从而防止产生怨言。

equity  n. 公平;公正

【例】In making these decisions we should be governed by the principle of equity.

在做这些决策时,我们应该以公平原则为准绳。

【近义词】fairness  n. 公平;公正

【辨析】equality  n. 平等;均等

【例】the equality between men and women 男女平等

Another explanation is that remote work has become a bargaining chip. Rather than lowering wages, firms use flexibility to attract and retain top performers.

另一种解释是远程工作已经成为一种谈判筹码。企业不是降低工资,而是利用灵活性来吸引和留住顶尖人才。

lure  v. 引诱;诱惑

【例】The child was lured into a car but managed to escape. 

小孩被诱骗上了车,但设法逃掉了。

【近义词】tempt  v. 诱惑;引诱

【例】Nothing would tempt me to live here. 

什么也吸引不了我到这里居住。

【拓展】allure  n. 诱惑力;吸引力

Take an artificial-intelligence specialist earning $250,000 at Amazon. If the tech giant orders them back to the office, a less prestigious rival may not match the salary but could lure them with a remote-work offer.

以一位年薪25万美元的亚马逊人工智能专家为例。如果亚马逊要求他们坐班,一家不那么知名的对手公司可能无法给出这么高的薪资,但可能用远程工作的机会来吸引他们。

lure  v. 引诱;诱惑

【例】The child was lured into a car but managed to escape. 

小孩被诱骗上了车,但设法逃掉了。

【近义词】tempt  v. 诱惑;引诱

【例】Nothing would tempt me to live here. 

什么也吸引不了我到这里居住。

【拓展】allure  n. 诱惑力;吸引力

But what happens when labour-market conditions worsen? If workers have fewer options, firms may no longer need to compete by offering remote work. Instead, they may begin pricing it in—offering lower salaries for remote roles, knowing job-hunters have fewer alternatives.

但是当劳动力市场状况变差时,会发生什么呢?如果工作者的选择更少,那么公司可能不再需要通过提供远程工作而互相竞争。相反,公司可能会开始把远程工作算进工资——为远程职位提供更低的薪水,因为公司知道求职者的选择更少了。

price sth in  把某物算进价格内

【例】I've priced in the arrangement fees in the total cost.

我把安排费用算进总费用了。

【拓展】factor sth in 把某个因素包含进去

【例】The consumer's viewpoint should be factored into decision making. 

做决策时,消费者的看法应该被考虑在内。

课后练习

  • What are employers doing?

    A. Ordering workers to return to the office.
    B. Offering more flexible working hours.
    C. Laying off workers on a large scale.
    D. Cutting workers' salaries.

  • What does the study by Zoe Cullen and her co-authors show?

    A. Ordering employees to work in the office can reduce costs.
    B. Remote work is worth 25% of the pay for tech workers.
    C. Providing perks can attract workers back in the office.
    D. Bosses value remote work more than workers do.

  • The comparison between the insurance policy and remote work shows that ____.

    A. workers can benefit from a flexible schedule
    B. wages should decrease in response to remote work
    C. both are costly to companies and valueless to workers
    D. it is hard to explain the effect of remote work on employees

  • What may companies do when labour-market conditions worsen?

    A. Offer lower salaries for top performers.
    B. Increase the salaries of in-office workers.
    C. Offer lower salaries for remote workers.
    D. Abandon the remote work model completely.


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