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管理者应牢记： 人无完人(下)
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（除了让签名变大）傲慢也会让人更加努力。在一篇研究德国战斗机飞行员在第二次世界大战中的表现的出色论文中，曼海姆大学的菲利普·阿格等研究人员发现，个人竞争助长了冒险行为。
双语精读
Pride can also lead to greater effort (as well as to gigantic signatures).
（除了让签名变大）傲慢也会让人更加努力。
In an elegant paper looking into the performance of German fighter pilots in the second world war, Philipp Ager of the University of Mannheim and other researchers found that personal rivalry fuelled risk-taking behaviour.
在一篇研究德国战斗机飞行员在第二次世界大战中的表现的出色论文中，曼海姆大学的菲利普·阿格等研究人员发现，个人竞争助长了冒险行为。
When pilots received public recognition for their exploits in a daily bulletin to the German armed forces, peers with whom they had flown in the past redoubled their own efforts.
当飞行员的功绩在德国武装部队的每日公报中得到公众认可时，昔日曾一起飞行的同伴们就会加倍努力。
Something propelled them to fly more missions, even though that meant a greater chance of being killed, and it wasn't humility.
某种因素会促使他们执行更多的任务，尽管这样会增加他们的死亡概率，而他们这么做绝不是出于谦逊。
Patience may be a virtue, but it is not always the best quality in a leader.
耐心可能是一种美德，但它并不总是领导的最佳品质。
Research on the impact of managers' moods on performance is pretty thin: one deeply unpersuasive paper from 2017 used facial-recognition software to analyse CEOs' TV appearances and concluded that expressions of anger and fear were associated with improved profitability in the following quarter.
关于管理者情绪对业绩影响的研究少之又少：2017年的一篇论文使用面部识别软件分析了一些CEO在电视节目中的表情，虽然这篇论文非常缺乏说服力，但是得出了下面的结论：CEO如果看起来满腔怒火或者忧心忡忡，公司的盈利能力在下一个季度就会有所提高。
Yet forbearance can plainly go too far. Anyone who has worked in an office knows that the boss's wrath can sometimes be the only thing that gets things moving.
不过，领导过分宽容确实会带来很多问题。坐过办公室的人都知道，在某些情况下，除非老板大发雷霆，否则项目根本就无法推进。
Greed is not something to admit to in polite society but acquisitiveness still motivates an awful lot of people.
在礼仪社会，人们羞于承认自己的贪婪，但利欲仍然成为了很多人前进的动力。
In their research into CEO behaviour Ms Dey and her co-authors defined excessive materialism as owning a private home worth twice as much as the median house in the area; owning a car worth more than $75,000; or owning a boat that was longer than 25 feet.
在研究CEO行为时，戴伊和她的合著者将"过度追求物质"定义为三个具体标志：私人房产的价值远远超过当地房屋中位数价格一倍以上；私人汽车价值超过75000美元；或是拥有超过25英尺长的船舶。
Of her sample of CEOs, fully 58% ticked one or more of these boxes; only 42% counted as frugal.
在其研究的CEO样本中，有整整58%的人都满足其中至少一条。换言之，只有42%的人能称得上节俭。
Gluttony may not fuel ambition but it could well be a side-effect of the hierarchies that characterise companies.
暴食可能不会助长雄心，但公司中的森严等级有可能滋生贪婪。
Research experiments in which strangers are assigned a high-status role and a low-status role and put in a room together have found that those placed in positions of authority help themselves to more biscuits than the others.
在一项实验中，一群互不认识的人被分成了两组，一组扮演高级别角色，另一组则处于公司等级制度的下层，两组人都被安排在了同一个房间里。实验发现，那些分到权威地位的人会自然而然地比其他人吃更多饼干。
Even people who mean well may end up behaving badly if they acquire power. If management is about getting the best out of people, it helps to understand base behaviours as well as noble ones.
即使是心怀善意的人，一旦获得权力，最终也可能行为不端。如果管理是为了人尽其才，那么理解卑劣的行径和推崇高尚的行为都同样重要。
Employees are humans and humans are complex. They seek to improve the world and would quite like their own swimming pool. They want to mentor the disadvantaged and see their rivals fail miserably. They grab the biscuits.
员工也是人，而人性都是复杂的。他们既想改善世界，也会希望在家中拥有自己的专属游泳池。他们愿意向弱势群体伸出援手，但同时也企盼自己的竞争对手一败涂地。总之，他们都会争取自己的利益。
词汇预习
impact [高考]
美[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt] | 英[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt]
n. 影响；冲击力；撞击 vt. 挤入；压紧；撞击；对 ... 发生影响 vi. 冲击；撞击；产生影响
recognition [高考]
美[ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn] | 英[ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn]
n. 识别；认识；承认；认可；表彰，赞誉；（政府对他国的）外交认可
sample [高考]
美[ˈsæmpl] | 英[ˈsɑːmpl]
vt. 取样；尝试；抽样检查 n. 样品；样本；例子 adj. 试样的，样品的；作为例子的
mentor [高考]
美[ˈmentɔːr] | 英[ˈmentɔː(r)]
n. 指导者 v. 指导
grab [高考]
美[ɡræb] | 英[ɡræb]
v.抓住，拿，攫取，吸引 n.不法所得，被抓住的人，抓取装置
miserably [高考]
美[ˈmɪzərəblɪ] | 英['mɪzrəblɪ]
adv. 悲惨地；糟糕地
complex [高考]
美[kəmˈpleks , ˈkɑːmpleks] | 英[ˈkɒmpleks]
adj. 复杂的；合成的；复合的 n. 综合体；复合体；[医]综合症状；[心]情结
behaviour [高考]
美[bɪˈheɪvjər] | 英[bɪˈheɪvjə(r)]
n. 行为；举止；品行
status [高考]
美[ˈsteɪtəs , ˈstætəs] | 英[ˈsteɪtəs]
n. 地位；情形；状况，状态；身份
software [高考]
美[ˈsɔːftwer] | 英[ˈsɒftweə(r)]
n. 软件
acquire [高考]
美[əˈkwaɪər] | 英[əˈkwaɪə(r)]
vt. 获得；学到；取得
virtue [高考]
美[ˈvɜːrtʃuː] | 英[ˈvɜːtʃuː]
n. 美德；德行；优点；贞操
ambition [高考]
美[æmˈbɪʃn] | 英[æmˈbɪʃn]
n. 雄心；抱负；野心；精力 vt. 追求；有 ... 野心
analyse [高考]
美[ˈænəlaɪz] | 英[ˈænəlaɪz]
vt. 分析；细察
elegant [高考]
美[ˈelɪɡənt] | 英[ˈelɪɡənt]
adj. 优雅的；雅致的
noble [高考]
美[ˈnoʊbl] | 英[ˈnəʊbl]
adj. 高贵的；宏伟的；高尚的 n. 贵族
research into [高考]
美[rɪˈsɚtʃ ˈɪntu] | 英[riˈsə:tʃ ˈɪntuː]
就…研究
admit to [高考]
美[ædˈmɪt tu] | 英[ədˈmit tu:]
许可进入； 承认
bulletin [高考]
美[ˈbʊlətɪn] | 英[ˈbʊlətɪn]
n. 公报；期刊；新闻快报；公示 vt. 发表；用公告通知
rivalry [高考]
美[ˈraɪvlri] | 英[ˈraɪvlri]
n. 敌对；竞争；对抗
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
excessive [四级]
美[ɪkˈsesɪv] | 英[ɪkˈsesɪv]
adj. 过分的；过多的
materialism [四级]
美[məˈtɪriəlɪzəm] | 英[məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm]
n. 唯物主义；唯物论；实利主义
median [四级]
美[ˈmidiən] | 英[ˈmi:diən]
adj. 中央的；中间的；正中的 n. 中动脉；中位数；中值
disadvantaged [四级]
美[ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒd] | 英[ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒd]
adj. 贫困的；处于不利地位的；社会地位低下的 n. 弱势团体；下层社会 v. 使处于不利地位（disadvantage的过去式和过去分词）
as to [四级]
美[æz tu] | 英[æz tu]
prep. 关于
fully [六级]
美[ˈfʊli] | 英[ˈfʊli]
adv. 十分地；完全地；全部；足足
profitability [六级]
美[ˌprɑfɪtəˈbɪlətɪ] | 英[ˌprɒfɪtə'bɪlətɪ]
n. 收益性；盈利能力
gigantic [六级]
美[dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk] | 英[dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk]
adj. 巨大的
wrath [六级]
美[ræθ] | 英[rɒθ]
n. 愤怒；激怒
out of [六级]
美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]
prep. 离…一段距离；从…里；离开 ...；出于
frugal [专四]
美[ˈfruːɡl] | 英[ˈfruːɡl]
adj. 节俭的；省钱的
humility [专八]
美[hjuˈmɪlɪti] | 英[hju:ˈmɪləti]
n. 谦逊；谦虚；谦卑
characterise [考研]
美['kærɪktəˌraɪz] | 英['kærɪktəraɪz]
vt. 表示 ... 的特征； 描述 ... 的特征
following [考研]
美[ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ] | 英[ˈfɒləʊɪŋ]
adj. 接着的；下列的 prep. 在 ... 以后 n. 追随者；下列各项
重点讲解
Pride can also lead to greater effort (as well as to gigantic signatures).
（除了让签名变大）傲慢也会让人更加努力。
fuel n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）燃料
【例】a car with high fuel consumption 耗油量大的汽车
（2）刺激性言行
【例】His remarks simply added fuel to the fire of her rage.
他的话只是给她的愤怒火上浇油。
2. 作动词
（1）给……提供燃料；给……加油
【例】The helicopter was already fuelled and ready to go.
直升机已加好油，准备起飞。
（2）增加；加强；刺激
【例】Higher salaries helped to fuel inflation.
工资提高刺激通货膨胀。
In an elegant paper looking into the performance of German fighter pilots in the second world war, Philipp Ager of the University of Mannheim and other researchers found that personal rivalry fuelled risk-taking behaviour.
在一篇研究德国战斗机飞行员在第二次世界大战中的表现的出色论文中，曼海姆大学的菲利普·阿格等研究人员发现，个人竞争助长了冒险行为。
fuel n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）燃料
【例】a car with high fuel consumption 耗油量大的汽车
（2）刺激性言行
【例】His remarks simply added fuel to the fire of her rage.
他的话只是给她的愤怒火上浇油。
2. 作动词
（1）给……提供燃料；给……加油
【例】The helicopter was already fuelled and ready to go.
直升机已加好油，准备起飞。
（2）增加；加强；刺激
【例】Higher salaries helped to fuel inflation.
工资提高刺激通货膨胀。
When pilots received public recognition for their exploits in a daily bulletin to the German armed forces, peers with whom they had flown in the past redoubled their own efforts.
当飞行员的功绩在德国武装部队的每日公报中得到公众认可时，昔日曾一起飞行的同伴们就会加倍努力。
bulletin n.1. （电台或电视台的）新闻简报
【例】Every news bulletin has been dominated by this story.
这个故事成了每则新闻简报的头条。
2. 公告；布告
【例】a bulletin on the President's health
关于总统健康的公告
3. （机构或组织的）简报，小册子
【例】The company produces a weekly bulletin for its 33,000 employees.
企业为其33000名员工创立了每周公报。
Something propelled them to fly more missions, even though that meant a greater chance of being killed, and it wasn't humility.
某种因素会促使他们执行更多的任务，尽管这样会增加他们的死亡概率，而他们这么做绝不是出于谦逊。
propel v.
1. 推进；推动
【例】He succeeded in propelling the ball across the line.
他成功地把球带过线。
2. 驱使；激励
【例】Fury propelled her into action.
怒火驱使她行动起来。
Patience may be a virtue, but it is not always the best quality in a leader.
耐心可能是一种美德，但它并不总是领导的最佳品质。
propel v.
1. 推进；推动
【例】He succeeded in propelling the ball across the line.
他成功地把球带过线。
2. 驱使；激励
【例】Fury propelled her into action.
怒火驱使她行动起来。
Research**** on**** the impact**** of**** managers****'**** moods on**** performance is**** pretty**** thin****:**** one deeply**** unpersuasive**** paper from**** 2017**** used**** facial****-recognition software**** to**** analyse CEOs****'**** TV**** appearances and concluded that**** expressions of**** anger and fear**** were**** associated**** with**** improved**** profitability in**** the following quarter.****
关于管理者情绪对业绩影响的研究少之又少：2017年的一篇论文使用面部识别软件分析了一些CEO在电视节目中的表情，虽然这篇论文非常缺乏说服力，但是得出了下面的结论：CEO如果看起来满腔怒火或者忧心忡忡，公司的盈利能力在下一个季度就会有所提高。
Yet forbearance can plainly go too far. Anyone who has worked in an office knows that the boss's wrath can sometimes be the only thing that gets things moving.
不过，领导过分宽容确实会带来很多问题。坐过办公室的人都知道，在某些情况下，除非老板大发雷霆，否则项目根本就无法推进。
forbearance n. 宽容；耐心
【例】She showed great forbearance in answering his rude questions.
她回答他无礼的问题时显示出极大的宽容。
【拓展】forbear v. 克制；忍住（不做某事）
【例】He wanted to answer back, but he forbore from doing so.
他想顶嘴，但是忍住了。
Greed is**** not something to**** admit to**** in**** polite**** society but acquisitiveness still motivates an**** awful lot of**** people****.****
在礼仪社会，人们羞于承认自己的贪婪，但利欲仍然成为了很多人前进的动力。
In**** their research**** into**** CEO behaviour Ms**** Dey and her co****-authors defined excessive materialism as**** owning**** a private home**** worth twice as**** much**** as**** the median**** house in**** the area****;**** owning**** a car worth more**** than**** $75,000;**** or**** owning**** a boat**** that**** was longer**** than**** 25**** feet****.****
在研究CEO行为时，戴伊和她的合著者将"过度追求物质"定义为三个具体标志：私人房产的价值远远超过当地房屋中位数价格一倍以上；私人汽车价值超过75000美元；或是拥有超过25英尺长的船舶。
Of her sample of CEOs, fully 58% ticked one or more of these boxes; only 42% counted as frugal.
在其研究的CEO样本中，有整整58%的人都满足其中至少一条。换言之，只有42%的人能称得上节俭。
tick v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）（钟表）发出滴答声
【例】In the silence we could hear the clock ticking.
寂静中，我们能听到钟表滴答作响。
（2）打上钩
【例】I've ticked the names of the people who have paid.
我在已付款者的姓名旁画了钩。
2. 作名词
（1）（钟表的）滴答声
【例】The only sound was the soft tick of the clock.
唯一的响声是钟表轻轻的滴答声。
（2）钩号；记号
【例】Put a tick in the appropriate box if you would like further information about any of our products.
如想进一步了解我们任何产品的情况，请在适当的方框内打钩。
（3）一会儿；片刻
【例】I'll be with you in two ticks.
我马上就来。
Gluttony**** may not fuel**** ambition**** but it**** could well**** be**** a side****-effect**** of**** the hierarchies that**** characterise**** companies.****
暴食可能不会助长雄心，但公司中的森严等级有可能滋生贪婪。
Research**** experiments in**** which strangers are assigned**** a high****-status**** role**** and a low-status**** role**** and put in**** a room**** together**** have**** found that**** those placed**** in**** positions of**** authority help**** themselves**** to**** more**** biscuits**** than**** the others****.****
在一项实验中，一群互不认识的人被分成了两组，一组扮演高级别角色，另一组则处于公司等级制度的下层，两组人都被安排在了同一个房间里。实验发现，那些分到权威地位的人会自然而然地比其他人吃更多饼干。
Even people who mean well may end up behaving badly if they acquire power. If management is about getting the best out of people, it helps to understand base behaviours as well as noble ones.
即使是心怀善意的人，一旦获得权力，最终也可能行为不端。如果管理是为了人尽其才，那么理解卑劣的行径和推崇高尚的行为都同样重要。
end up 最终成为；最后处于（英文释义：to find yourself in a situation that you did not expect to be in）
【例】to end up divorcing/in prison/dead 最终离婚/身陷囹圄/把命丢掉
Employees are humans and humans are complex. They seek to improve the world and would quite like their own swimming pool. They want to mentor the disadvantaged and see their rivals fail miserably. They grab the biscuits.
员工也是人，而人性都是复杂的。他们既想改善世界，也会希望在家中拥有自己的专属游泳池。他们愿意向弱势群体伸出援手，但同时也企盼自己的竞争对手一败涂地。总之，他们都会争取自己的利益。
end up 最终成为；最后处于（英文释义：to find yourself in a situation that you did not expect to be in）
【例】to end up divorcing/in prison/dead 最终离婚/身陷囹圄/把命丢掉
课后练习
The paper about German fighter pilots showed that ____.
A. risk-taking behavior was prized in German armed forces
B. competition between peers resulted in harder work
C. learning from the best increased the chance of victory
D. humility discouraged pilots to outperform each other
Which of the following is true about the impact of managers’ moods?
A. Managers’ moods have little influence on performances.
B. The mood of anger might bring desirable results.
C. Patience and forbearance are underrated virtues.
D. The wrath of managers is the best way to improve efficiency.
Which of the following is true about greed?
A. It is common among people in high status.
B. It contributes to the inequality of wealth.
C. It is the inevitable result of ambition.
D. It may undermine hierarchies in companies.
Why should managers understand both base and noble behaviors?
A. Because managers could be corrupted by power.
B. Because one-sided management may not work well.
C. Because employees change their minds all the time.
D. Because managers should try to eliminate people’s vices.