- Published on
管理者应牢记： 人无完人(上)
- Authors
如今的管理思维往往推崇美德。合作能够推动团队平稳运行。
双语精读
Nobody's perfect. Managers should not forget that
管理者应牢记：人无完人
The arc of current management thinking bends towards virtue. Co-operation is what makes teams purr. Low-ego empathy is the hallmark of a thoroughly modern boss. Purpose matters to employees as much as pay; society looms as large as shareholders.
如今的管理思维往往推崇美德。合作能够推动团队平稳运行。对老板来说，少点自以为是、多点同理心才是现代管理者的标志；对员工而言，实现目标和获取报酬同等重要；社会价值和股东利益皆需保障。
But appealing to people's better nature, and ignoring their vices, is an incomplete approach. Nor is being good necessarily great for your own career. Take a look at the seven capital virtues and the seven deadly sins laid out in Christian tradition.
但是，一味呼吁善良本性而忽视人性缺点未免有失偏颇。况且，做个老好人也不一定有助于自己的职业发展。不妨来看看基督教传统中列出的七美德和七宗罪。
The virtues are chastity, temperance, charity, diligence, kindness, patience and humility; the vices are lust, gluttony, greed, sloth, envy, wrath and pride. In aggregate the first set of qualities is the one for managers to emulate.
七美德是贞洁、节制、慷慨、勤勉、宽容、耐心和谦逊；与之相对应的七宗罪则是色欲、暴食、贪婪、懒惰、嫉妒、暴怒和傲慢。总的来说，管理者应该效仿七美德。
Neither chaste charity nor lustful gluttony have much to recommend them as a management ethos; but only one is a lawsuit waiting to happen. Diligence clearly beats sloth. Greed is out of fashion.
无论是纯洁宽厚还是穷奢极欲，都不是太可取的管理理念；唯一能确信的就是后者甚至会招来一纸诉状。勤勉显然会胜过懒惰，贪婪也已经不合时宜。
Aiyesha Dey of Harvard Business School and her co-authors have found that excessive materialism on the part of a chief executive can be a warning sign of fraudulent activity and out-of-control risk-taking.
哈佛商学院的艾耶莎·戴伊和她的合著者发现，CEO对于物质生活的过度追求可能滋生欺诈活动、导致风控失灵。
Pride is also increasingly seen as problematic: in a paper from 2018 academics identified narcissistic bosses by the size of their signatures and found a correlation with poor financial outcomes at the firms they ran.
人们也愈发认为傲慢会引发问题：在2018年的一篇论文中，研究人员根据签名大小辨认出了自恋的老板，并发现签名越大，他们所经营的公司的财务状况就越糟。
Yet saintliness is rare and sinfulness can be underrated. Take envy, for example. By design organisations rely on competition as well as co-operation. A kind person might well be content to applaud other people for their success.
但是，没有几个人能做到至善，而罪行也可能被低估。以嫉妒为例，所有组织在本质上都依赖于竞争和合作。善良的人会为他人的成功喝彩，并为之而感到知足。
An envious one will see someone to catch up with. Psychologists distinguish between malign and benign versions of envy. In one, people try to close gaps in status by bringing others down. In the other, they are motivated to improve their own performance.
而善妒的人看到的则是自己要追逐的目标。心理学家将嫉妒分为恶性嫉妒和良性嫉妒。恶性嫉妒的人会试图通过拉低他人来缩小地位差距，而良性嫉妒的人会以此为动力来提升自己。
The recent paper by Danielle Tussing of the University at Buffalo and colleagues discovered a third type of behaviour: people who skipped work or even quit their jobs in order to avoid feelings of envy.
纽约州立大学布法罗分校的丹妮尔·图辛和同事所著的一篇新论文发现了第三种做法：有些人为了避免嫉妒他人而选择旷工甚至辞职。
Understanding such emotions is a step towards harnessing them.
要想利用这些情绪，首先就要理解它们。
词汇预习
financial [高考]
美[faɪˈnænʃl] | 英[faɪˈnænʃl]
adj. 金融的；财政的；[非正式]有钱的
increasingly [高考]
美[ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli] | 英[ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli]
adv. 逐渐地；越来越多地
current [高考]
美[ˈkɜːrənt] | 英[ˈkʌrənt]
n. 趋势；(水、气、电)流 adj. 现在的；流通的
executive [高考]
美[ɪɡˈzekjətɪv] | 英[ɪɡˈzekjətɪv]
adj. 行政的；决策的；经营的；[计算机]执行指令 n. 行政主管；行政部门；决策者
empathy [高考]
美[ˈempəθi] | 英[ˈempəθi]
n. 移情作用；共鸣；[心]神入
thoroughly [高考]
美[ˈθɜːrəli] | 英[ˈθʌrəli]
adv. 彻底地；完全；非常
approach [高考]
美[əˈproʊtʃ] | 英[əˈprəʊtʃ]
v. 接近；建议；接洽；着手处理 n. 方法；接近；路径；道路
rely [高考]
美[rɪˈlaɪ] | 英[rɪˈlaɪ]
vi. 依靠；信任
behaviour [高考]
美[bɪˈheɪvjər] | 英[bɪˈheɪvjə(r)]
n. 行为；举止；品行
quit [高考]
美[kwɪt] | 英[kwɪt]
v. 停止；离开；退出；辞职 n. 离开；[计] 退出 adj. 摆脱了…的；已经了结的
status [高考]
美[ˈsteɪtəs , ˈstætəs] | 英[ˈsteɪtəs]
n. 地位；情形；状况，状态；身份
rare [高考]
美[rer] | 英[reə(r)]
adj. 罕见的；珍贵的；煎得嫩的
distinguish [高考]
美[dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ] | 英[dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]
vt. 区别；辨认；使显著
chief [高考]
美[tʃiːf] | 英[tʃiːf]
adj. 主要的；首要的 n. 首领
envy [高考]
美[ˈenvi] | 英[ˈenvi]
v. 羡慕；妒忌 n. 羡慕；(妒忌的)对象
virtue [高考]
美[ˈvɜːrtʃuː] | 英[ˈvɜːtʃuː]
n. 美德；德行；优点；贞操
applaud [高考]
美[əˈplɔːd] | 英[əˈplɔːd]
v. 鼓掌；称赞，赞许
rely on [高考]
美[rɪˈlaɪ ɑːn] | 英[rɪˈlaɪ ɒn]
v. 依靠；信赖
catch up with [高考]
美[kætʃ ʌp wɪð] | 英[kætʃ ʌp wið]
赶上；对…产生预期的坏影响
in order [高考]
美[ɪn 'ɔːrdər] | 英[ɪn 'ɔːdə]
整齐；秩序井然；按顺序
thinking [高考]
美[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] | 英[ˈθɪŋkɪŋ]
n. 思考；思想 adj. 好思考的；有理性的
warning [高考]
美[ˈwɔːrnɪŋ] | 英[ˈwɔːnɪŋ]
n. 警告；警报；预兆 adj. 警告的；告诫的
greed [高考]
美[ɡriːd] | 英[ɡriːd]
n. 贪心；贪婪；贪吃
excessive [四级]
美[ɪkˈsesɪv] | 英[ɪkˈsesɪv]
adj. 过分的；过多的
necessarily [四级]
美[ˌnesəˈserəli] | 英[ˌnesəˈserəli]
adv. 必然地；必定地；必需地
materialism [四级]
美[məˈtɪriəlɪzəm] | 英[məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm]
n. 唯物主义；唯物论；实利主义
incomplete [四级]
美[ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt] | 英[ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt]
adj. 不完全的；不完整的
arc [四级]
美[ɑːrk] | 英[ɑːk]
n. 弧；弧形物 vi. 形成电弧；按弧形轨迹行进
problematic [四级]
美[ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk] | 英[ˌprɒbləˈmætɪk]
adj. 问题的；有疑问的
diligence [四级]
美[ˈdɪlɪdʒəns] | 英[ˈdɪlɪdʒəns]
n. 勤奋
look at [四级]
美[lʊk æt] | 英[lʊk æt]
（仔细地）看；着眼，考虑
appealing [四级]
美[əˈpiːlɪŋ] | 英[əˈpiːlɪŋ]
adj. 引起兴趣的；动人的；恳求的
lawsuit [六级]
美[ˈlɔːsuːt] | 英[ˈlɔːsuːt]
n. 诉讼；控诉
benign [六级]
美[bɪˈnaɪn] | 英[bɪˈnaɪn]
adj. 仁慈的；温和的；良性的
aggregate [六级]
美[ˈæɡrɪɡət , ˈæɡrɪɡeɪt] | 英[ˈæɡrɪɡət , ˈæɡrɪɡeɪt]
adj. 合计的；总的 n. 总计；进球总数；集料 v. （使）聚集；总计
correlation [六级]
美[ˌkɔːrəˈleɪʃn] | 英[ˌkɒrəˈleɪʃn]
n. 相互关系；相关；关联
wrath [六级]
美[ræθ] | 英[rɒθ]
n. 愤怒；激怒
out of [六级]
美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]
prep. 离…一段距离；从…里；离开 ...；出于
catch up [六级]
美[kætʃ ʌp] | 英[kætʃ ʌp]
赶上；很快拾起；缠住；了解近况，叙旧
be content to [专四]
美 | 英
愿意做…；满足于…
chastity [专八]
美[ˈtʃæstɪti] | 英[ˈtʃæstəti]
n. 贞节；纯洁
envious [专八]
美[ˈenviəs] | 英[ˈenviəs]
adj. 嫉妒的 adj. [古]好胜的；羡慕的
humility [专八]
美[hjuˈmɪlɪti] | 英[hju:ˈmɪləti]
n. 谦逊；谦虚；谦卑
malign [专八]
美[məˈlaɪn] | 英[məˈlaɪn]
adj. 有害的；恶性的；有恶意的 v. 诽谤；中伤；说坏话
emulate [专八]
美[ˈemjuleɪt] | 英[ˈemjuleɪt]
vt. 效法；尽力赶上
fraudulent [专八]
美[ˈfrɔːdʒələnt] | 英[ˈfrɔːdjələnt]
adj. 欺诈的；不正的；不诚实的
chaste [专八]
美[tʃeɪst] | 英[tʃeɪst]
adj. 贞洁的；纯洁的；朴素的
ego [考研]
美[ˈiːɡoʊ] | 英[ˈiːɡəʊ]
n. 自我；自负；自尊心
重点讲解
Nobody's perfect. Managers should not forget that
管理者应牢记：人无完人
purr v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）（猫）发出呼噜声
【例】If you rub a cat under the chin, it will purr.
你摸猫的下巴, 它就会打呼噜。
（2）（机器或机动车）轰隆作响
【例】The car purred along the road.
汽车一路上发出轰隆的声音。
（3）（人）低沉柔和地说话（表示愉快、满足）
【例】He was purring with satisfaction.
他满足地轻声低语。
2. 作名词：（猫的）呼噜声；（机器的）轰隆声；（人愉快时发出的）低沉声音
【例】the purr of a cat/a car engine 猫的呼噜声/汽车发动机的轰隆声
hallmark n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）（英国金银制品上的）纯度印记
【例】Gold hallmarks offer owners an indication of the amount of gold contained in an item.
黄金的纯度印记表明一件制品中包含多少纯金。
（2）特征；特点
【例】Pessimism is the hallmark of his major novels.
悲观主义是他的几部主要小说的特征。
2. 作动词：给……打纯度印记
【例】to hallmark the gold 为黄金加盖纯度印记
loom v.
1. 令人惊恐地隐约出现
【例】A dark shape loomed up ahead of us.
一个黑糊糊的影子隐隐出现在我们的面前 。
2.显得突出、逼近
（英文释义：to appear important or threatening and likely to happen soon）
【例】Extinction still looms for the blue whales, according to the scientist.
那位科学家认为蓝鲸仍面临着灭种的危险。
【拓展】loom large 显得突出；变得重要
（英文释义：to have great importance or influence）
【例】Of all the shows I did, this one looms largest in my mind.
在我演过的所有节目中, 这一个印象最突出。
The arc of current management thinking bends towards virtue. Co-operation is what makes teams purr. Low-ego empathy is the hallmark of a thoroughly modern boss. Purpose matters to employees as much as pay; society looms as large as shareholders.
如今的管理思维往往推崇美德。合作能够推动团队平稳运行。对老板来说，少点自以为是、多点同理心才是现代管理者的标志；对员工而言，实现目标和获取报酬同等重要；社会价值和股东利益皆需保障。
purr v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）（猫）发出呼噜声
【例】If you rub a cat under the chin, it will purr.
你摸猫的下巴, 它就会打呼噜。
（2）（机器或机动车）轰隆作响
【例】The car purred along the road.
汽车一路上发出轰隆的声音。
（3）（人）低沉柔和地说话（表示愉快、满足）
【例】He was purring with satisfaction.
他满足地轻声低语。
2. 作名词：（猫的）呼噜声；（机器的）轰隆声；（人愉快时发出的）低沉声音
【例】the purr of a cat/a car engine 猫的呼噜声/汽车发动机的轰隆声
hallmark n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）（英国金银制品上的）纯度印记
【例】Gold hallmarks offer owners an indication of the amount of gold contained in an item.
黄金的纯度印记表明一件制品中包含多少纯金。
（2）特征；特点
【例】Pessimism is the hallmark of his major novels.
悲观主义是他的几部主要小说的特征。
2. 作动词：给……打纯度印记
【例】to hallmark the gold 为黄金加盖纯度印记
loom v.
1. 令人惊恐地隐约出现
【例】A dark shape loomed up ahead of us.
一个黑糊糊的影子隐隐出现在我们的面前 。
2.显得突出、逼近
（英文释义：to appear important or threatening and likely to happen soon）
【例】Extinction still looms for the blue whales, according to the scientist.
那位科学家认为蓝鲸仍面临着灭种的危险。
【拓展】loom large 显得突出；变得重要
（英文释义：to have great importance or influence）
【例】Of all the shows I did, this one looms largest in my mind.
在我演过的所有节目中, 这一个印象最突出。
But appealing to people's better nature, and ignoring their vices, is an incomplete approach. Nor is being good necessarily great for your own career. Take a look at the seven capital virtues and the seven deadly sins laid out in Christian tradition.
但是，一味呼吁善良本性而忽视人性缺点未免有失偏颇。况且，做个老好人也不一定有助于自己的职业发展。不妨来看看基督教传统中列出的七美德和七宗罪。
lay out
1. 铺开；展开
【例】He laid the map out on the table.
他把地图在桌子上展开。
2. 布置；安排；设计
【例】The gardens were laid out with lawns and flower beds.
花园里设置了草坪和花坛。
3. 清晰谨慎地提出（计划或论点）
【例】All the terms and conditions are laid out in the contract.
所有的条款与条件在合同中均已清楚地列明。
【拓展】set out 有条理地陈述
The virtues are chastity, temperance, charity, diligence, kindness, patience and humility; the vices are lust, gluttony, greed, sloth, envy, wrath and pride. In aggregate the first set of qualities is the one for managers to emulate.
七美德是贞洁、节制、慷慨、勤勉、宽容、耐心和谦逊；与之相对应的七宗罪则是色欲、暴食、贪婪、懒惰、嫉妒、暴怒和傲慢。总的来说，管理者应该效仿七美德。
in (the) aggregate 总共；总体
【例】take things in the aggregate 把事物作为总体予以考虑
emulate v.
1. 努力赶上；向……看齐
【例】She hopes to emulate her sister's sporting achievements.
她希望在运动成绩方面赶上她姐姐。
2. 模仿；仿效
【例】to emulate one’s speaking style 模仿某人的讲话风格
Neither chaste charity nor lustful gluttony have much to recommend them as a management ethos; but only one is a lawsuit waiting to happen. Diligence clearly beats sloth. Greed is out of fashion.
无论是纯洁宽厚还是穷奢极欲，都不是太可取的管理理念；唯一能确信的就是后者甚至会招来一纸诉状。勤勉显然会胜过懒惰，贪婪也已经不合时宜。
out of fashion 过时
【例】Some styles never go out of fashion.
有些款式永远不会过时。
【拓展】come into fashion 开始流行
【例】Long skirts have come into fashion again.
长裙又时兴起来了。
Aiyesha Dey of Harvard Business School and her co-authors have found that excessive materialism on the part of a chief executive can be a warning sign of fraudulent activity and out-of-control risk-taking.
哈佛商学院的艾耶莎·戴伊和她的合著者发现，CEO对于物质生活的过度追求可能滋生欺诈活动、导致风控失灵。
out of fashion 过时
【例】Some styles never go out of fashion.
有些款式永远不会过时。
【拓展】come into fashion 开始流行
【例】Long skirts have come into fashion again.
长裙又时兴起来了。
Pride is**** also**** increasingly**** seen**** as**** problematic:**** in**** a paper from**** 2018**** academics identified**** narcissistic**** bosses**** by**** the size**** of**** their signatures**** and found a correlation with**** poor**** financial outcomes**** at**** the firms they**** ran.****
人们也愈发认为傲慢会引发问题：在2018年的一篇论文中，研究人员根据签名大小辨认出了自恋的老板，并发现签名越大，他们所经营的公司的财务状况就越糟。
Yet saintliness is**** rare**** and sinfulness**** can be**** underrated****.**** Take**** envy****,**** for example.**** By**** design**** organisations rely**** on**** competition as**** well**** as**** co****-operation.**** A kind**** person**** might well**** be**** content to**** applaud other people**** for their success.****
但是，没有几个人能做到至善，而罪行也可能被低估。以嫉妒为例，所有组织在本质上都依赖于竞争和合作。善良的人会为他人的成功喝彩，并为之而感到知足。
An envious one will see someone to catch up with. Psychologists distinguish between malign and benign versions of envy. In one, people try to close gaps in status by bringing others down. In the other, they are motivated to improve their own performance.
而善妒的人看到的则是自己要追逐的目标。心理学家将嫉妒分为恶性嫉妒和良性嫉妒。恶性嫉妒的人会试图通过拉低他人来缩小地位差距，而良性嫉妒的人会以此为动力来提升自己。
catch up with sb
1. 赶上；追上
【例】Go on ahead. I'll catch up with you.
你先走，我随后赶上你。
2. 赶上，达到（某水平）
【例】After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up with the others.
他因病休学一学期，不得不努力学习，好赶上别的同学。
3. 产生（曾设法避免的）问题
【例】She was terrified that one day her past problems would catch up with her.
她十分害怕过去的问题总有一天又会来困扰她。
close gaps 缩小差距
【例】These measures are aimed at closing the gap between rich and poor.
这些措施旨在缩小贫富差距。
The recent**** paper by**** Danielle**** Tussing of**** the University**** at**** Buffalo and colleagues**** discovered**** a third type**** of**** behaviour:**** people**** who skipped work**** or**** even**** quit**** their jobs**** in**** order to**** avoid feelings**** of**** envy****.****
纽约州立大学布法罗分校的丹妮尔·图辛和同事所著的一篇新论文发现了第三种做法：有些人为了避免嫉妒他人而选择旷工甚至辞职。
Understanding such emotions is a step towards harnessing them.
要想利用这些情绪，首先就要理解它们。
harness n. & v.
1. 作名词：马的挽具；用于人的背带，保护带
【例】a toddler on a harness 用带系着学步的幼儿
【拓展】in harness （假期结束后）正常工作
【例】get back in harness after a vacation 假期结束后回去工作
2. 作动词
1. 给（马）上挽具
【例】We harnessed two ponies to the cart.
我们把两匹矮种马套到了车上。
2. 控制；利用
【例】We must harness the skill and creativity of our workforce.
我们必须尽量发挥全体职工的技能和创造力。
课后练习
The recommended approach to management is ____.
A. to reward the virtues of employees
B. to foster cooperation within the team
C. to be tolerant of people’s weaknesses
D. to understand both merits and vices
Which of the following is true about pride?
A. It is a sign of dishonest activity.
B. It indicates a tendency towards risks.
C. It is embodied by more signatures on documents.
D. It is related to lower profits of the company.
The characteristic of benign envy is that ____.
A. people are ready to praise their colleagues
B. people work harder so as not to fall behind
C. people refuse to admit their inferiority
D. people beat their rivals in unfair ways
The paper by Danielle Tussing found that ____.
A. envy could lead to workplace tensions
B. people show their envy by skipping work
C. people may quit their job to escape envy
D. shame of envy disrupts career development