被别人抢功怎么办

窃取他人的想法来为自己邀功会让很多人感到愤怒。

双语精读

That was my idea

那个想法是我提的

Grabbing kudos for someone else's idea makes lots of people angry. In fact, it is seen as unacceptable from a very early age: research has shown that children as young as five disapprove of plagiarism.

窃取他人的想法来为自己邀功会让很多人感到愤怒。事实上，从很小的时候开始，这种行为就被视为不可接受：研究表明，年仅五岁的孩子就不赞成抄袭。

Done intentionally and repeatedly, credit-grabbing is not just annoying but bad for the organisation: ideas are hoarded, trust erodes and motivation suffers.

如果是故意为之且反复发生，那么抢功行为不仅令人讨厌，而且对组织不利：创意被囤积，信任被削弱，积极性受到打击。

When something happens a lot and is extremely irritating, a coping mechanism is needed. So the next time you hear your brilliant idea coming out of the mouth of a colleague, breathe deeply and remember three things.

当某事频繁发生且极其令人恼火时，就需要一种应对机制。所以下次当你听到你的好点子从同事口中说出时，深呼吸并记住三件事。

First, credit-stealing may be less malevolent than imagined. Psychologists have long documented a phenomenon called "cryptomnesia" in which people inadvertently plagiarise the ideas of others.

第一，窃取功劳的行为可能并不像想象的那么恶毒。心理学家早就记录过一种被称为“潜隐记忆”的现象，即人们无意中抄袭他人的想法。

Experiments into cryptomnesia vary but the basic set-up is for participants in a group to be asked to generate ideas to solve a particular problem. They are then told to recall only their own ideas, and to come up with new ideas that do not replicate ones that have already been raised.

关于潜隐记忆的实验各不相同，但基本设置是要求一组参与者提出一些想法，去解决一个特定的问题。然后参与者们被告知只回忆自己的想法，并提出新的想法，而且新想法不能与已经提出的想法重复。

Despite these instructions, people tend to claim a decent chunk of old ideas as their own, and to copy previous suggestions when raising ostensibly new ideas. People may steal credit without even realising it.

尽管有这些指示，人们还是倾向于将相当一部分的旧想法当成是自己的，并在提出看似是新的想法时抄袭以前的提议。人们可能完全没有意识到自己在窃取功劳。

Second, innovation very rarely takes the form of an entirely new idea; instead, it recombines existing ones. And people often reach the same conclusions independently.

第二，创新很少以全新的形式出现，相反，创新是对现有想法的重新组合。并且人们常常独立地得出相同的结论。

The thumbs-up icon was made ubiquitous when Facebook adopted it in 2009, but well before then firms like Vimeo, Yelp, Digg.com and FriendFeed had been experimenting with ways for users to register an emotional reaction to content.

2009年脸书采用了竖大拇指的图标，使点赞按钮变得无处不在，但早在此之前，Vimeo、Yelp、Digg、FriendFeed等公司就一直在试验各种办法，让用户表达对内容的情感反应。

So even if you think of an idea as your own stroke of genius, the reality is likely to be messier.

因此即使你认为一个想法是你自己的神来之笔，真实情况也可能更加混乱不清。

Third, credit-stealing can backfire. A paper by Rebecca Schaumberg of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania looks at what happens when people show pride in a performance whose details are known to others.

第三，窃取功劳可能会适得其反。宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的丽贝卡·绍姆伯格的一篇论文探讨了，当一项成就的细节为他人所知时，人们对这项成就表现出自豪会发生什么。

Imagine, for example, two programmers who post identical high scores in a programming competition; one goes on a frenzy of fist-pumping and the other says she is not that proud of how she did.

例如，想象一下，两个程序员在编程竞赛中获得了相同的高分，一个人欣喜若狂地挥舞拳头，而另一个人说她对自己的表现并不那么自豪。

Observers reckon that the buoyant programmer is at the ceiling of her potential, and judge the downbeat one to be more skilled. Overt credit-stealers may appear less, not more, competent.

观察者会认为，欣喜若狂的程序员已经达到了自己潜力的上限，并判断那位情绪较低落的程序员更有能力。公开窃取功劳的人可能看起来能力更弱，而不是更强。

词汇预习

extremely [高考]
美[ɪkˈstriːmli] | 英[ɪkˈstriːmli]
adv. 非常；极其
emotional [高考]
美[ɪˈmoʊʃənl] | 英[ɪˈməʊʃənl]
adj. 感情的；情绪的
reaction [高考]
美[riˈækʃn] | 英[riˈækʃn]
n. 反应；生理反应；反应能力；复旧；反动；化学反应
recall [高考]
美[rɪˈkɔːl] | 英[rɪˈkɔːl]
n. 回忆；取消；召回
vt. 召回；恢复；回想起；唤起；与 ... 相似
disapprove [高考]
美[ˌdɪsəˈpruːv] | 英[ˌdɪsəˈpruːv]
v. 不赞成
rarely [高考]
美[ˈrerli] | 英[ˈreəli]
adv. 很少；难得
entirely [高考]
美[ɪnˈtaɪərli] | 英[ɪnˈtaɪəli]
adv. 完全地；全部地
claim [高考]
美[kleɪm] | 英[kleɪm]
n. 索赔；宣称；声明；断言
v. 声称；宣称；认领；索取
innovation [高考]
美[ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn] | 英[ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn]
n. 创新；革新
generate [高考]
美[ˈdʒenəreɪt] | 英[ˈdʒenəreɪt]
vt. 产生；发生；引起
repeatedly [高考]
美[rɪˈpiːtɪdli] | 英[rɪˈpiːtɪdli]
adv. 重复地；再三地
skilled [高考]
美[skɪld] | 英[skɪld]
adj. 有技能的；熟练的
competent [高考]
美[ˈkɑːmpɪtənt] | 英[ˈkɒmpɪtənt]
adj. 有能力的；足够的；胜任的
intentionally [高考]
美[ɪnˈtɛnʃənlɪ] | 英[ɪn'tenʃənəlɪ]
adv. 有意地；故意地
mechanism [高考]
美[ˈmekənɪzəm] | 英[ˈmekənɪzəm]
n. 机制；原理
n. 结构；机构；机械装置
stroke [高考]
美[stroʊk] | 英[strəʊk]
n. 中风；笔画；钟声；抚摩
v. 抚摩（动物的毛皮）；轻抚；轻挪；轻触
genius [高考]
美[ˈdʒiːniəs] | 英[ˈdʒiːniəs]
n. 天才；天赋
colleague [高考]
美[ˈkɑːliːɡ] | 英[ˈkɒliːɡ]
n. 同事
potential [高考]
美[pəˈtenʃl] | 英[pəˈtenʃl]
adj. 潜在的；可能的
n. 潜力；潜能
n. 电位；电势
previous [高考]
美[ˈpriːviəs] | 英[ˈpriːviəs]
adj. 以前的；先于；在 ... 之前
motivation [高考]
美[ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃn] | 英[ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn]
n. 动机；动力；刺激；积极性
phenomenon [高考]
美[fəˈnɑːmɪnən] | 英[fəˈnɒmɪnən]
n. 现象；奇人；奇事
brilliant [高考]
美[ˈbrɪliənt] | 英[ˈbrɪliənt]
adj. 卓越的；灿烂的；美妙的；杰出的；才华横溢的
n. 宝石
com [高考]
美[kɑm] | 英[kɑm]
abbr. 计算机输出缩微胶片(=computer-output microfilm)
abbr. 组件对象模型(=Component Object Model)
fist [高考]
美[fɪst] | 英[fɪst]
n. 拳头
vt. 紧握；用拳头打
organisation [高考]
美[ˌɔːrɡənəˈzeɪʃn] | 英[ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn]
n. 组织；团体；条理
vary [高考]
美[ˈveri] | 英[ˈveəri]
v. 改变；变化；使多样化
decent [高考]
美[ˈdiːsnt] | 英[ˈdiːsnt]
adj. 相当好的；体面的；适当的；正派的
identical [高考]
美[aɪˈdentɪkl] | 英[aɪˈdentɪkl]
adj. 同一的；相同的
reckon [高考]
美[ˈrekən] | 英[ˈrekən]
v. 计算；认为；估计
independently [四级]
美[ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntlɪ] | 英[ˌɪndɪ'pendəntlɪ]
adv. 独立地；自立地
unacceptable [四级]
美[ˌʌnɪkˈsɛptəbəl, -æk-] | 英[ˌʌnəkˈseptəbl]
adj. 不能接受的；不受欢迎的
existing [四级]
美[ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ] | 英[ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ]
adj. 现存的；现有的
out of [六级]
美[aʊt ʌv] | 英[aut ɔv]
prep. 离…一段距离；从…里；离开 ...；出于
chunk [六级]
美[tʃʌŋk] | 英[tʃʌŋk]
n. 大块，厚块；大量，大部分；〈语言学〉话语组成部分，组块；矮胖的人或物
vt. （高尔夫球）没击中
vi. 发出猛冲的声音
icon [六级]
美[ˈaɪkɑːn] | 英[ˈaɪkɒn]
n. 偶像；象征；[计算机]图标
frenzy [专四]
美[ˈfrenzi] | 英[ˈfrenzi]
n. 狂乱；狂暴；狂怒
ubiquitous [专八]
美[juːˈbɪkwɪtəs] | 英[juːˈbɪkwɪtəs]
adj. 到处存在的
backfire [专八]
美[ˈbækˌfaɪr] | 英[ˌbækˈfaɪə(r)]
v. (指内燃机等)逆火；适得其反；产生事与愿违的结果
n. 逆火；后爆的巨大响声
replicate [专八]
美[ˈreplɪkeɪt] | 英[ˈreplɪkeɪt]
v. 复制；模拟；折叠
n. 复制品
adj. 复制的；折叠的
malevolent [雅思]
美[məˈlevələnt] | 英[məˈlevələnt]
adj. 有恶意的；恶毒的
plagiarise [雅思]
美['pleɪdʒəraɪz] | 英['pleɪdʒəraɪz]
v. 抄袭；剽窃

重点讲解

That was my idea

那个想法是我提的

disapprove of 不同意；不赞成

【例】Jim's father disapproved of his marriage to Mary.

吉姆的父亲不赞成他与玛丽的婚事。

【反义词】approve of 同意；赞成

【拓展】approval n. 赞许；同意

disapproval n. 反对

Grabbing kudos for someone else’s idea makes lots of people angry. In fact, it is seen as unacceptable from a very early age: research has shown that children as young as five disapprove of plagiarism.

窃取他人的想法来为自己邀功会让很多人感到愤怒。事实上，从很小的时候开始，这种行为就被视为不可接受：研究表明，年仅五岁的孩子就不赞成抄袭。

disapprove of 不同意；不赞成

【例】Jim's father disapproved of his marriage to Mary.

吉姆的父亲不赞成他与玛丽的婚事。

【反义词】approve of 同意；赞成

【拓展】approval n. 赞许；同意

disapproval n. 反对

Done intentionally and repeatedly, credit-grabbing is not just annoying but bad for the organisation: ideas are hoarded, trust erodes and motivation suffers.

如果是故意为之且反复发生，那么抢功行为不仅令人讨厌，而且对组织不利：创意被囤积，信任被削弱，积极性受到打击。

credit n. 称赞；认可

【例】His honesty deserves credit.

他的诚实品格值得受表扬。

【搭配】take/get credit for sth 因某事而获得表扬

steal credit for sth 抢了某事的功劳

【反义词】discredit n. 耻辱；丢脸的事

【例】He brought discredit to the whole team.

他让整个团队蒙羞。

当某事频繁发生且极其令人恼火时，就需要一种应对机制。所以下次当你听到你的好点子从同事口中说出时，深呼吸并记住三件事。

malevolent adj. 恶毒的；邪恶的

【例】a malevolent lie 恶毒的谎言

【反义词】benevolent adj. 仁慈的；善良的

【例】a benevolent smile 和蔼的微笑

【拓展】malign adj. 恶性的；有害的

benign adj. 良性的；有益的

First, credit-stealing may be less malevolent than imagined. Psychologists have long documented a phenomenon called “cryptomnesia” in which people inadvertently plagiarise the ideas of others.

第一，窃取功劳的行为可能并不像想象的那么恶毒。心理学家早就记录过一种被称为“潜隐记忆”的现象，即人们无意中抄袭他人的想法。

malevolent adj. 恶毒的；邪恶的

【例】a malevolent lie 恶毒的谎言

【反义词】benevolent adj. 仁慈的；善良的

【例】a benevolent smile 和蔼的微笑

【拓展】malign adj. 恶性的；有害的

benign adj. 良性的；有益的

Experiments into cryptomnesia vary but the basic set-up is for participants in a group to be asked to generate ideas to solve a particular problem. They are then told to recall only their own ideas, and to come up with new ideas that do not replicate ones that have already been raised.

关于潜隐记忆的实验各不相同，但基本设置是要求一组参与者提出一些想法，去解决一个特定的问题。然后参与者们被告知只回忆自己的想法，并提出新的想法，而且新想法不能与已经提出的想法重复。

come up with 提出；想出

【例】to come up with an excuse/a plan/a reason

想出一个借口/计划/理由

【搭配】generate/raise/put forward an idea

想出一个主意/提出一个想法

尽管有这些指示，人们还是倾向于将相当一部分的旧想法当成是自己的，并在提出看似是新的想法时抄袭以前的提议。人们可能完全没有意识到自己在窃取功劳。

come up with 提出；想出

【例】to come up with an excuse/a plan/a reason

想出一个借口/计划/理由

【搭配】generate/raise/put forward an idea

想出一个主意/提出一个想法

Second, innovation very rarely takes the form of an entirely new idea; instead, it recombines existing ones. And people often reach the same conclusions independently.

第二，创新很少以全新的形式出现，相反，创新是对现有想法的重新组合。并且人们常常独立地得出相同的结论。

register v. 流露；表达

【例】Her face registered disapproval.

她脸上表现出不赞同的神色。

The company has registered protest.

公司正式表达了抗议。

【近义词】express v. 表达；表现

2009年脸书采用了竖大拇指的图标，使点赞按钮变得无处不在，但早在此之前，Vimeo、Yelp、Digg、FriendFeed等公司就一直在试验各种办法，让用户表达对内容的情感反应。

register v. 流露；表达

【例】Her face registered disapproval.

她脸上表现出不赞同的神色。

The company has registered protest.

公司正式表达了抗议。

【近义词】express v. 表达；表现

So even if you think of an idea as your own stroke of genius, the reality is likely to be messier.

因此即使你认为一个想法是你自己的神来之笔，真实情况也可能更加混乱不清。

backfire v. 回火；事与愿违；适得其反

【例】Unfortunately, the plan backfired.

不幸的是，计划产生了适得其反的结果。

【拓展】misfire v. 哑火；失败；不起作用

【例】The plan/joke misfired.

计划失败了/笑话冷场了。

Third, credit-stealing can backfire. A paper by Rebecca Schaumberg of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania looks at what happens when people show pride in a performance whose details are known to others.

第三，窃取功劳可能会适得其反。宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的丽贝卡·绍姆伯格的一篇论文探讨了，当一项成就的细节为他人所知时，人们对这项成就表现出自豪会发生什么。

backfire v. 回火；事与愿违；适得其反

【例】Unfortunately, the plan backfired.

不幸的是，计划产生了适得其反的结果。

【拓展】misfire v. 哑火；失败；不起作用

【例】The plan/joke misfired.

计划失败了/笑话冷场了。

Imagine, for example, two programmers who post identical high scores in a programming competition; one goes on a frenzy of fist-pumping and the other says she is not that proud of how she did.

例如，想象一下，两个程序员在编程竞赛中获得了相同的高分，一个人欣喜若狂地挥舞拳头，而另一个人说她对自己的表现并不那么自豪。

overt adj. 公开的；明显的

【例】There was little overt support for the project.

对这个项目公开表示支持的很少。

【反义词】covert adj. 隐藏的；暗中的

【拓展】cover n./v. 掩盖；遮蔽

Observers reckon that the buoyant programmer is at the ceiling of her potential, and judge the downbeat one to be more skilled. Overt credit-stealers may appear less, not more, competent.

观察者会认为，欣喜若狂的程序员已经达到了自己潜力的上限，并判断那位情绪较低落的程序员更有能力。公开窃取功劳的人可能看起来能力更弱，而不是更强。

overt adj. 公开的；明显的

【例】There was little overt support for the project.

对这个项目公开表示支持的很少。

【反义词】covert adj. 隐藏的；暗中的

【拓展】cover n./v. 掩盖；遮蔽

课后练习

What is irritating and needs a coping mechanism?
A. Children's disapproval of plagiarism at a young age.
B. The hoarding of ideas in an organization.
C. The erosion of trust within an organization.
D. The act of grabbing credit for someone else's idea.
The cryptomnesia phenomenon means that ____.
A. people find it hard to generate creative new ideas
B. people unintentionally copy the ideas of other people
C. people can inspire each other when working as a team
D. people tend to find excuses when repeating others’ ideas
The example of the thumbs-up icon shows that ____.
A. good ideas spread very rapidly
B. it takes a long time to invent a good idea
C. innovation is the recombination of existing ideas
D. expression of emotion is crucial for social networks
What is the downside of obvious credit-stealing?
A. It may lead to distrust and conflicts among colleagues.
B. The overall performance of the whole team may suffer.
C. The credit-stealers may be regarded as not very competent.
D. It may lead to the loss of job opportunities for the credit-stealers.