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低头做事既有好处也有坏处(上)
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在办公室里,魅力四射且拼命往上爬的人常常招来怨恨。研究表明,男性尤其容易自恋,男性在开会时喜欢博取关注,擅长抢夺本不属于自己的荣誉,还是自我推销的行家。
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双语精读
Dullness and its discontents: Unshowy competence brings benefits as well as drawbacks
沉闷者及其不满:低头做事既有好处也有坏处
The charismatic corporate climber is a common target for resentment in office life. He-and research suggests men are particularly given to such narcissism-hogs the spotlight in meetings, is adept at grabbing undeserved glory, and is a pro at self-promotion
在办公室里,魅力四射且拼命往上爬的人常常招来怨恨。研究表明,男性尤其容易自恋,男性在开会时喜欢博取关注,擅长抢夺本不属于自己的荣誉,还是自我推销的行家。
More often than not, he is the boss's pet. But he rises on the back of another, unsung, corporate archetype: the competent, diligent but unexciting achiever.
很多时候,他是老板的宠儿。但他是靠着另一类默默无闻的公司员工努力工作才得以晋升的:这类人能干、勤奋,但平淡无奇。
Studies find that plenty of confident egomaniacs, unsuited to the subtleties of management, get a leg-up for being, well, confident egomaniacs. Companies disproportionately promote narcissists.
研究发现,虽然许多自信的自大狂因心思不够细腻而不适合做管理工作,但他们恰恰会因为自信自大而被往上拉一把。公司会提拔相当多的自恋者。
Perhaps a fifth of chief executives fit the description, researchers have found, a far higher proportion than within the wider population. Self-absorbed CEOs can sap morale and, evidence suggests, produce poor financial results.
研究人员发现,首席执行官之中,符合自恋描述的人占五分之一,这一比例远远高于广大人群中自恋者所占的比例。以自我为中心的首席执行官可能会挫伤士气,而且有证据表明,他们也会造成财务业绩不佳。
A strong case for the dull striver was made by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, a psychologist at University College London, in an article for the Harvard Business Review in 2015 entitled "The best managers are boring managers".
伦敦大学学院的心理学家托马斯·查莫罗-普雷穆季奇在2015年为《哈佛商业评论》撰写了一篇文章,题为《最好的经理人是无趣的经理人》,文章为支持沉闷但努力的人进行了有力论证。
Understated competence does not intuitively scream leadership. Many totemic bosses of the age, from bankers to tech founders, come with big egos, showy antics and volatile tempers.
低调的才干不会直观地表现为领导力。现今时代的许多图腾式老板,从银行家到科技公司创始人,都极其自负,爱哗众取宠,且脾气反复无常。
Elon Musk may be accused of many things. Dullness is not one of them. Even so, Mr Chamorro-Premuzic argued, conscientious but unprepossessing characters tend to have little-noticed but precious advantages.
埃隆·马斯克可能会受到许多批评。但沉闷并非其中之一。即便如此,查莫罗-普雷穆季奇认为,勤勉认真但平平无奇的人往往具有不易被察觉,但非常宝贵的优势。
They can be depended on to make decisions calmly, manage teams deftly and be emotionally mature. They deserve promotion ahead of co-workers with "flash and vision, and bold displays of confidence".
人们可以信任他们会冷静地做出决定,巧妙地管理团队,并保持情感成熟。他们比那些“闪闪发光、有远见、大胆展示自信”的同事值得更早地得到晋升。
A seminal meta-analysis of research on leadership characteristics, published in 2002 by Timothy Judge, then at the University of Florida, and colleagues, indeed found a link between managerial effectiveness and personality traits such as being stable, agreeable and dependable.
2002年,当时在佛罗里达大学工作的蒂莫西·贾奇及其同事发表了一项关于领导力特征研究的影响重大的元分析。该分析确实发现,管理效率与稳定、随和、可靠等人格特质之间存在联系。
One explanation is that level-headedness makes it easier to deal coolly with the many subtle problems thrown up by human beings (who may all too easily infuriate a more volatile manager).
一种解释是,冷静的头脑更容易冷静地处理人类引发的许多微妙问题(人类要激怒一个更反复无常的经理可太容易了)。
Emotional maturity is also an indicator of trustworthiness. Studies have found that managers with dysfunctional traits such as narcissism are likelier to get up to no good. Conscientious bosses, by contrast, score highly for integrity.
情绪成熟也是值得信赖的一个标志。研究发现,具有自恋等功能障碍特征的管理者更有可能做出不好的事情。相比之下,勤勉认真的老板在为人正直方面得分很高。
词汇预习
financial [高考]
美[faɪˈnænʃl] | 英[faɪˈnænʃl]
adj. 金融的;财政的;[非正式]有钱的
particularly [高考]
美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]
adv. 特别;尤其;详细地
psychologist [高考]
美[saɪˈkɑːlədʒɪst] | 英[saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst]
n.心理学研究者,心理学家
contrast [高考]
美[ˈkɑːntræst , kənˈtræst] | 英[ˈkɒntrɑːst , kənˈtrɑːst]
n. 对比;差别;对照物 v. 对比;成对照 n. [计算机] 反差
conscientious [高考]
美[ˌkɑːnʃiˈenʃəs] | 英[ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs]
adj. 认真的;谨慎的;负责的
corporate [高考]
美[ˈkɔːrpərət] | 英[ˈkɔːpərət]
adj. 法人的;公司的;社团的;共同的;全体的
promotion [高考]
美[prəˈmoʊʃn] | 英[prəˈməʊʃn]
n. 提升;促进;晋升;促销
vision [高考]
美[ˈvɪʒn] | 英[ˈvɪʒn]
n. 视力;视觉;幻觉;眼光;洞察力;想象力 v. 幻想;设想
effectiveness [高考]
美[əˈfɛktɪvnɪs] | 英[ɪˌfek'tɪvnɪs]
n. 有效性;效力
competent [高考]
美[ˈkɑːmpɪtənt] | 英[ˈkɒmpɪtənt]
adj. 有能力的;足够的;胜任的
maturity [高考]
美[məˈtʃʊrəti] | 英[məˈtʃʊərəti]
n. 成熟;(支票等的)到期
agreeable [高考]
美[əˈɡriːəbl] | 英[əˈɡriːəbl]
adj. 愉快的;和蔼可亲的;欣然同意的;一致的
emotionally [高考]
美[ɪˈmoʃənlɪ] | 英[ɪ'məʊʃənəlɪ]
adv. 感情上地;冲动地
proportion [高考]
美[prəˈpɔːrʃn] | 英[prəˈpɔːʃn]
n. 部分;比例;均衡;(复)规模 vt. 使成比例;使均衡;分摊
indicator [高考]
美[ˈɪndɪkeɪtər] | 英[ˈɪndɪkeɪtə(r)]
n. 指示器;指示剂;指示牌;【统计学】指标;【计】指示符
diligent [高考]
美[ˈdɪlɪdʒənt] | 英[ˈdɪlɪdʒənt]
adj. 勤奋的;用功的
within [高考]
美[wɪˈðɪn] | 英[wɪˈðɪn]
prep. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)内;在…里面 adv. 在…里面 n. 内部
promote [高考]
美[prəˈmoʊt] | 英[prəˈməʊt]
vt. 促进;提升;升迁;发起;促销,推销
evidence [高考]
美[ˈevɪdəns] | 英[ˈevɪdəns]
n. 证据;证词;根据;迹象 v. 证明;证实
target [高考]
美[ˈtɑːrɡɪt] | 英[ˈtɑːɡɪt]
n. 目标;对象;靶 vt. 把 ... 作为目标;瞄准
explanation [高考]
美[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn] | 英[ˌekspləˈneɪʃn]
n. 解释;说明
scream [高考]
美[skriːm] | 英[skriːm]
n. 尖叫声 v. 尖叫;(指风﹑ 机器等)发出大而尖的声音
deserve [高考]
美[dɪˈzɜːrv] | 英[dɪˈzɜːv]
vt. 应受;值得
precious [高考]
美[ˈpreʃəs] | 英[ˈpreʃəs]
adj. 宝贵的;珍贵的;矫揉造作的 adv. 极其 n. [口]宝贝,心爱的人
stable [高考]
美[ˈsteɪbl] | 英[ˈsteɪbl]
adj. 稳定的;安定的;可靠的 n. 马棚;马厩;一批人 v. 使(马)入厩;入马棚
description [高考]
美[dɪˈskrɪpʃn] | 英[dɪˈskrɪpʃn]
n. 描述;刻画;类型;说明书
analysis [高考]
美[əˈnæləsɪs] | 英[əˈnæləsɪs]
n. 分析;解析
chief [高考]
美[tʃiːf] | 英[tʃiːf]
adj. 主要的;首要的 n. 首领
mature [高考]
美[məˈtʃʊr] | 英[məˈtʃʊə(r)]
adj. 成熟的;(保单)到期的;考虑周到的 v. 成熟;长成
self [高考]
美[self] | 英[self]
n. 自己;本性;自我 pron. 我自己;你自己;他或她自己 adj.同一的;纯净的;单一的 v. 近亲繁殖;自花授粉
competence [高考]
美[ˈkɑːmpɪtəns] | 英[ˈkɒmpɪtəns]
n. 能力;胜任;管辖权
glory [高考]
美[ˈɡlɔːri] | 英[ˈɡlɔːri]
n. 光荣,荣誉;(对上帝的)赞颂;壮丽,辉煌;值得称赞的事,引以为豪的成就;欣喜;天堂的荣耀(或福祉);(尤指耶稣基督或圣人头顶的)光环,光轮 v.(因某事而)欣喜;自豪,得意 interj. 用于表示惊叹 【名】 (Glory)(法)格洛里(人名)
get up [高考]
美[ɡɛt ʌp] | 英[ɡet ʌp]
起床;变得猛烈;筹备;起立;打扮
integrity [高考]
美[ɪnˈteɡrəti] | 英[ɪnˈteɡrəti]
n. 完整;完善;正直;诚实
bold [高考]
美[boʊld] | 英[bəʊld]
adj. 大胆的;陡峭的;醒目的;粗体的;无礼的
subtle [高考]
美[ˈsʌtl] | 英[ˈsʌtl]
adj. 微妙的;敏锐的;不明显的;精细的;狡猾的
managerial [四级]
美[ˌmænəˈdʒɪriəl] | 英[ˌmænəˈdʒɪəriəl]
adj. 管理的
tech [四级]
美[tek] | 英[tek]
n. 技术学校;技术;技术人员
morale [四级]
美[məˈræl] | 英[məˈrɑːl]
n. 士气;斗志;道德准则
up to [四级]
美[ʌp tu] | 英[ʌp tu]
胜任;直到;多达;该由 ... 决定
back of [四级]
美[bæk ʌv] | 英[bæk ɔv]
在 ... 后部; 在 ... 背部
all too [四级]
美[ɔl tu] | 英[ɔ:l tu:]
实在太[很]
charismatic [专四]
美[ˌkærɪzˈmætɪk] | 英[ˌkærɪzˈmætɪk]
adj. 有魅力的
showy [专八]
美[ˈʃoʊi] | 英[ˈʃəʊi]
adj. 鲜艳的;显眼的;卖弄的
archetype [专八]
美[ˈɑrkɪˌtaɪp] | 英[ˈɑ:kitaɪp]
n. 原型
adept [专八]
美[əˈdept , ˈædept ] | 英[əˈdept , ˈædept]
adj. 熟练的;老练的 n. 名手;专家
volatile [专八]
美[ˈvɑːlətl] | 英[ˈvɒlətaɪl]
adj. 不稳定的;反复无常的;易挥发的 n. 挥发物
infuriate [专八]
美[ɪnˈfjʊrieɪt] | 英[ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt]
adj. 狂怒的 v. 激怒
sap [专八]
美[sæp] | 英[sæp]
n. 树液;汁液;精力;[俚]易上当的人;地道 v. 挖地道;削弱;逐渐耗竭
achiever [考研]
美[ əˈtʃiːvər] | 英[əˈtʃiːvə(r)]
n.有成就的人;获得成功的人
resentment [考研]
美[rɪˈzɛntmənt] | 英[rɪˈzentmənt]
n. 怨恨;愤恨
dependable [考研]
美[dɪˈpɛndəbəl] | 英[dɪˈpendəbl]
adj. 可靠的;可信赖的
disproportionately [考研]
美[ˌdɪsprə'pɔʃənətlɪ] | 英[ˌdɪsprə'pɔ:ʃənətlɪ]
adv. 不成比例地
intuitively [考研]
美[ɪnˈtjuɪtɪvlɪ] | 英[ɪn'tju:ɪtɪvlɪ]
adv. 直觉地;直观地
trustworthiness [考研]
美['trʌstwɜðɪnəs] | 英['trʌstwɜ:ðɪnəs]
n. 可信赖;确实性
unsung [托福]
美[ʌnˈsʌŋ] | 英[ˌʌnˈsʌŋ]
adj. 未被唱的;未被赞颂的
重点讲解
Dullness and its discontents: Unshowy competence brings benefits as well as drawbacks
沉闷者及其不满:低头做事既有好处也有坏处
hog v. & n.
1. 作动词:多占,独占
【例】hog the bathroom 长时间占用浴室
She preferred to keep in the background rather than hogging the limelight.
她喜欢待在幕后,不喜欢受到太多的关注。
2. 作名词
(1)(喂肥供食用的)猪
【例】He is greedy like a hog.
他像猪一样贪婪。
(2)把某事做彻底
【例】Let’s go the whole hog and order champagne.
我们索性点香槟吧。
pro n. & a. & prep.
1. 作名词:行家,职业人士
(英文释义:somebody who has a lot of experience)
【例】He handled the situation like an old pro.他像行家一般处理了这一局面。
2. 作形容词:专业的,职业的
【例】a young boxer who’s just turned pro
刚转为职业选手的年轻拳击手
3. 作介词:赞成,支持
【例】He has always been pro the environment.
他一向支持环境保护。
The charismatic corporate climber is a common target for resentment in office life. He—and research suggests men are particularly given to such narcissism—hogs the spotlight in meetings, is adept at grabbing undeserved glory, and is a pro at self-promotion
在办公室里,魅力四射且拼命往上爬的人常常招来怨恨。研究表明,男性尤其容易自恋,男性在开会时喜欢博取关注,擅长抢夺本不属于自己的荣誉,还是自我推销的行家。
hog v. & n.
1. 作动词:多占,独占
【例】hog the bathroom 长时间占用浴室
She preferred to keep in the background rather than hogging the limelight.
她喜欢待在幕后,不喜欢受到太多的关注。
2. 作名词
(1)(喂肥供食用的)猪
【例】He is greedy like a hog.
他像猪一样贪婪。
(2)把某事做彻底
【例】Let’s go the whole hog and order champagne.
我们索性点香槟吧。
pro n. & a. & prep.
1. 作名词:行家,职业人士
(英文释义:somebody who has a lot of experience)
【例】He handled the situation like an old pro.他像行家一般处理了这一局面。
2. 作形容词:专业的,职业的
【例】a young boxer who’s just turned pro
刚转为职业选手的年轻拳击手
3. 作介词:赞成,支持
【例】He has always been pro the environment.
他一向支持环境保护。
More often than not, he is the boss’s pet. But he rises on the back of another, unsung, corporate archetype: the competent, diligent but unexciting achiever.
很多时候,他是老板的宠儿。但他是靠着另一类默默无闻的公司员工努力工作才得以晋升的:这类人能干、勤奋,但平淡无奇。
More often than not 通常;往往;一贯= as often as not
【例】More often than not, he's late for work.
他上班往往会迟到。
【拓展】every so often 有时,偶尔
Every so often I heard a strange noise outside.
我经常听到外面有奇怪的声音。
Studies find that plenty of confident egomaniacs, unsuited to the subtleties of management, get a leg-up for being, well, confident egomaniacs. Companies disproportionately promote narcissists.
研究发现,虽然许多自信的自大狂因心思不够细腻而不适合做管理工作,但他们恰恰会因为自信自大而被往上拉一把。公司会提拔相当多的自恋者。
sap v. & n.
1. 作动词:使虚弱;逐渐破坏
【例】The hot sun sapped our energy.
火辣辣的太阳烤得我们虚软无力。
2. 作名词
(1)(植物的)汁,液
【例】Maple sugar is made from the sap of maple trees.
枫糖是由枫树的树液制成的。
(2)笨蛋,易上当的人
【例】The poor sap never knew what was going on behind his back.
可怜的笨蛋永远不知道背后发生了什么。
Perhaps a fifth of chief executives fit the description, researchers have found, a far higher proportion than within the wider population. Self-absorbed CEOs can sap morale and, evidence suggests, produce poor financial results.
研究人员发现,首席执行官之中,符合自恋描述的人占五分之一,这一比例远远高于广大人群中自恋者所占的比例。以自我为中心的首席执行官可能会挫伤士气,而且有证据表明,他们也会造成财务业绩不佳。
sap v. & n.
1. 作动词:使虚弱;逐渐破坏
【例】The hot sun sapped our energy.
火辣辣的太阳烤得我们虚软无力。
2. 作名词
(1)(植物的)汁,液
【例】Maple sugar is made from the sap of maple trees.
枫糖是由枫树的树液制成的。
(2)笨蛋,易上当的人
【例】The poor sap never knew what was going on behind his back.
可怜的笨蛋永远不知道背后发生了什么。
A strong case for the dull striver was made by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, a psychologist at University College London, in an article for the Harvard Business Review in 2015 entitled “The best managers are boring managers”.
伦敦大学学院的心理学家托马斯·查莫罗-普雷穆季奇在2015年为《哈佛商业评论》撰写了一篇文章,题为《最好的经理人是无趣的经理人》,文章为支持沉闷但努力的人进行了有力论证。
volatile a.
1. 易变的,反复无常的
【例】a highly volatile personality
反复无常的个性
2. (情况)不稳定的,易恶化的
【例】This is a highly volatile situation from which riots might develop.
现在局势极不稳定,有可能发展成动乱。
3. 易挥发的
【例】Petrol is a volatile substance.
汽油是挥发性物质。
Understated competence does not intuitively scream leadership. Many totemic bosses of the age, from bankers to tech founders, come with big egos, showy antics and volatile tempers.
低调的才干不会直观地表现为领导力。现今时代的许多图腾式老板,从银行家到科技公司创始人,都极其自负,爱哗众取宠,且脾气反复无常。
volatile a.
1. 易变的,反复无常的
【例】a highly volatile personality
反复无常的个性
2. (情况)不稳定的,易恶化的
【例】This is a highly volatile situation from which riots might develop.
现在局势极不稳定,有可能发展成动乱。
3. 易挥发的
【例】Petrol is a volatile substance.
汽油是挥发性物质。
Elon Musk may be accused of many things. Dullness is not one of them. Even so, Mr Chamorro-Premuzic argued, conscientious but unprepossessing characters tend to have little-noticed but precious advantages.
埃隆·马斯克可能会受到许多批评。但沉闷并非其中之一。即便如此,查莫罗-普雷穆季奇认为,勤勉认真但平平无奇的人往往具有不易被察觉,但非常宝贵的优势。
depend on
1. 依靠;信赖
【例】He knew he could depend on her to deal with the situation.
他知道可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
2. 受…的影响,取决于
【例】Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up.
我们是否需要更多的食物,这要视到场人数而定。
3. 相信;指望
【例】You can depend on his coming in on Sunday.
你放心,他星期天一定来参加。
vision n.
1. 视力,视野
【例】Cats have good night vision.
猫的夜视能力强。
2. 幻想,想象
【例】He had a vision of a world in which there would be no wars.
他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。
3. 远见卓识
【例】She had vision and determination.
她有远见和决心。
They can be depended on to make decisions calmly, manage teams deftly and be emotionally mature. They deserve promotion ahead of co-workers with “flash and vision, and bold displays of confidence”.
人们可以信任他们会冷静地做出决定,巧妙地管理团队,并保持情感成熟。他们比那些“闪闪发光、有远见、大胆展示自信”的同事值得更早地得到晋升。
depend on
1. 依靠;信赖
【例】He knew he could depend on her to deal with the situation.
他知道可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
2. 受…的影响,取决于
【例】Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up.
我们是否需要更多的食物,这要视到场人数而定。
3. 相信;指望
【例】You can depend on his coming in on Sunday.
你放心,他星期天一定来参加。
vision n.
1. 视力,视野
【例】Cats have good night vision.
猫的夜视能力强。
2. 幻想,想象
【例】He had a vision of a world in which there would be no wars.
他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。
3. 远见卓识
【例】She had vision and determination.
她有远见和决心。
A seminal meta-analysis of research on leadership characteristics, published in 2002 by Timothy Judge, then at the University of Florida, and colleagues, indeed found a link between managerial effectiveness and personality traits such as being stable, agreeable and dependable.
2002年,当时在佛罗里达大学工作的蒂莫西·贾奇及其同事发表了一项关于领导力特征研究的影响重大的元分析。该分析确实发现,管理效率与稳定、随和、可靠等人格特质之间存在联系。
agreeable a.
1. 愉快的,讨人喜欢的
【例】He seemed extremely agreeable.
他似乎特别招人喜欢。
2. 欣然同意
【例】He was perfectly agreeable to the idea.
他十分赞同这个观点。
3. 可以接受的;适合的
【例】The deal must be agreeable to both sides.
处理方法必须是双方都可以接受的。
One explanation is that level-headedness makes it easier to deal coolly with the many subtle problems thrown up by human beings (who may all too easily infuriate a more volatile manager).
一种解释是,冷静的头脑更容易冷静地处理人类引发的许多微妙问题(人类要激怒一个更反复无常的经理可太容易了)。
subtle a.
1. 不明显的;微妙的
(英文释义:not very obvious or easy to notice)
【例】There are subtle differences between the two versions.
两个版本之间有一些细微的差异。
2. 机智的,巧妙的
【例】a subtle use of lighting in the play
灯光在剧中的巧妙运用
3. 敏锐的,头脑灵活的
【例】The job required a subtle mind.
那项工作需要一个头脑敏锐的人去做。
integrity n.
1. 诚实正直
【例】a man of great integrity
非常正直的人
2. 完整,完好
【例】to respect the territorial integrity of the nation
尊重该国的领土完整
Emotional maturity is also an indicator of trustworthiness. Studies have found that managers with dysfunctional traits such as narcissism are likelier to get up to no good. Conscientious bosses, by contrast, score highly for integrity.
情绪成熟也是值得信赖的一个标志。研究发现,具有自恋等功能障碍特征的管理者更有可能做出不好的事情。相比之下,勤勉认真的老板在为人正直方面得分很高。
subtle a.
1. 不明显的;微妙的
(英文释义:not very obvious or easy to notice)
【例】There are subtle differences between the two versions.
两个版本之间有一些细微的差异。
2. 机智的,巧妙的
【例】a subtle use of lighting in the play
灯光在剧中的巧妙运用
3. 敏锐的,头脑灵活的
【例】The job required a subtle mind.
那项工作需要一个头脑敏锐的人去做。
integrity n.
1. 诚实正直
【例】a man of great integrity
非常正直的人
2. 完整,完好
【例】to respect the territorial integrity of the nation
尊重该国的领土完整
课后练习
The corporate climber is depicted as ____.
A. successful and admired by colleagues
B. attention-seeking and self-boasting
C. popular with bosses and colleagues
D. more likable than quiet achievers
Why do egomaniacs often get promoted?
A. Because they are good at leading a team.
B. Because they appear to be confident and competent.
C. Because their confidence can inspire the team.
D. Because their performance deserves promotion.
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic holds that dull strivers ____.
A. lack innovation and tend to be boring
B. can collaborate well with egomaniacs
C. are reliable and can work efficiently
D. stand out as being more competent
According to Timothy Judge, emotionally stable people ____.
A. can solve problems patiently and calmly
B. are tolerant of other people’s faults
C. can foster trust among co-workers
D. are respected by their colleagues