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过于热爱工作的陷阱(下)
- Authors
但热爱也会使判断有误。对于公司来说，明显的陷阱是奖励对公司的投入而不是工作能力。
双语精读
But passion can also warp judgment. For firms, the obvious pitfall is rewarding commitment over competence.
但热爱也会使判断有误。对于公司来说，明显的陷阱是奖励对公司的投入而不是工作能力。
Just as that note-taking, detail-orientated baker could be churning out the world's most disgusting profiteroles, the super-keen employee who volunteers for everything may not be that great at their job.
就像那个做笔记、注重细节的面包师可能会做出世界上最恶心的奶心巧克力酥球一样，一个超级热心的员工什么都愿意做，但可能工作能力并不出色。
The paper by Mr Jachimowicz, Mr Wang and Ms Bailey finds that passion may indeed be blinding managers to reality: it finds that even when the performance of passionate employees is on the downward slope, they are still more likely to be given promotions than taciturn peers.
杰希奥维茨、王先生和贝利的这篇论文发现，激情可能确实让经理们看不清现实：论文发现，即使充满激情的员工业绩下降，他们仍比沉默寡言的同事更有可能得到提拔。
Dangers also lurk for employees. Even if commitment is heartfelt, passion comes in different varieties, some better than others.
对于员工来说也潜伏着危险。即使发自内心地想投入工作，热爱也有不同的表现形式，其中一些优于另一些。
Psychologists distinguish between harmonious passion, in which people engage in an activity because they genuinely enjoy it, and obsessive passion, a more compulsive behaviour in which people feel like they are not really in control of themselves.
心理学家区分了和谐性热爱和强迫性热爱，前者是指人们因为真正喜欢某项活动而参与其中，后者是一种更具强迫性的行为，人们感觉自己并不能真正控制自己。
One obvious pitfall stands out. There are only so many ways to communicate passion. Widening your eyes and nodding wildly: too weird. Jumping, whooping and sweating: even weirder.
还有一个明显的陷阱很凸出。就是表达热爱的方式只有这么多。睁大眼睛，疯狂点头：太奇怪了。蹦蹦跳跳、欢呼尖叫、直冒热汗：更奇怪了。
Working ever longer hours, on the other hand, is a fairly simple way to show that your commitment is beyond question. Some evidence suggests that employers feel justified in exploiting that fact.
另一方面，延长工作时间是一种表明你毋庸置疑地投入工作的极简单方式。一些证据表明，雇主会理直气壮地利用这一事实。
A survey by academics at Duke University, the University of Oregon and Oklahoma State University found that people thought it was more legitimate to ask passionate workers than disengaged ones to work for no money and to miss time they were meant to be spending with their families.
杜克大学、俄勒冈大学和俄克拉荷马州立大学的学者的一项调查发现，人们认为让热爱工作的员工无偿工作、牺牲他们本应与家人共度的时光，比让对工作不上心的员工这样做更合理。
They are also more comfortable with the idea of asking passionate employees to do totally unrelated tasks. People apparently believe that if you love your job, you will enjoy cleaning the office toilets more than people who are less enthused by it.
他们让热爱工作的员工去做并非分内的任务也更不会觉得不好意思。人们显然认为，如果你热爱自己的工作，你就会比那些不热爱工作的人更喜欢打扫办公室厕所。
It is great to feel passion for your job. But if you are up at 4 am for a meeting with Asia, constantly working on your holiday or have just been handed a bottle of bleach and a mop by your boss, you are in the grip of something that is not entirely healthy.
对工作充满热爱是很棒的。但如果你凌晨4点起床参加亚洲那边的会议，在假期里不停加班，或者老板递给你一瓶漂白剂和一个拖把，那么你就被某种不完全健康的东西控制住了。
词汇预习
constantly [高考]
美[ˈkɑːnstəntli] | 英[ˈkɒnstəntli]
adv. 不断地；经常地
apparently [高考]
美[əˈpærəntli] | 英[əˈpærəntli]
adv. 表面上；似乎；显然
engage [高考]
美[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] | 英[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ]
v. 答应，预定，使忙碌，雇佣，订婚，啮合；吸引住（注意力、兴趣）
passion [高考]
美[ˈpæʃn] | 英[ˈpæʃn]
n. 激情；酷爱；强烈情感；盛怒 v.〈诗〉感觉[表现]热情
fairly [高考]
美[ˈferli] | 英[ˈfeəli]
adv. 公正地；相当地
entirely [高考]
美[ɪnˈtaɪərli] | 英[ɪnˈtaɪəli]
adv. 完全地；全部地
slope [高考]
美[sloʊp] | 英[sləʊp]
n. 倾斜；斜坡；斜面；斜率；斜线 vt. 使倾斜 vi. 倾斜；有坡度
harmonious [高考]
美[hɑrˈmoʊniəs] | 英[hɑ:ˈməʊniəs]
adj. 和谐的；和睦的；音调优美的
evidence [高考]
美[ˈevɪdəns] | 英[ˈevɪdəns]
n. 证据；证词；根据；迹象 v. 证明；证实
behaviour [高考]
美[bɪˈheɪvjər] | 英[bɪˈheɪvjə(r)]
n. 行为；举止；品行
obvious [高考]
美[ˈɑːbviəs] | 英[ˈɒbviəs]
adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;自明
judgment [高考]
美['dʒʌdʒmənt] | 英['dʒʌdʒmənt]
n. 裁判；判断；判断力；意见；判决书
distinguish [高考]
美[dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ] | 英[dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]
vt. 区别；辨认；使显著
commitment [高考]
美[kəˈmɪtmənt] | 英[kəˈmɪtmənt]
n. 承诺；保证；信奉；献身；委任；交押
competence [高考]
美[ˈkɑːmpɪtəns] | 英[ˈkɒmpɪtəns]
n. 能力；胜任；管辖权
mop [高考]
美[mɑːp] | 英[mɒp]
n. 拖把；拖把状物 vt. 用拖把拖；擦拭 vi. 用拖把拖
engage in [高考]
美[ɪn'gedʒ ɪn] | 英[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ in]
从事； 参加
weird [高考]
美[wɪrd] | 英[wɪəd]
adj. 离奇的；古怪的；怪异的 n. 命运；预言者
disgusting [高考]
美[dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ] | 英[dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ]
adj. 令人厌恶的
grip [四级]
美[ɡrɪp] | 英[ɡrɪp]
n. 紧握；手提包；了解；手柄 vt. 吸引；紧抓
downward [四级]
美[ˈdaʊnwərd] | 英[ˈdaʊnwəd]
adv. 向下 adj. 向下的；下降的
genuinely [四级]
美[ˈdʒɛnjʊɪnlɪ] | 英['dʒenjʊɪnlɪ]
adv. 真正地；诚实地；由衷地
passionate [四级]
美[ˈpæʃənət] | 英[ˈpæʃənət]
adj. 热情的；激情的；易怒的
passion for [四级]
美 | 英
对 ... 的强烈爱好； 热爱
rewarding [四级]
美[rɪˈwɔːrdɪŋ] | 英[rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ]
adj. 有报酬的；有益的；值得的
bleach [六级]
美[bliːtʃ] | 英[bliːtʃ]
n. 漂白剂；漂白 v. 变白；漂白
legitimate [六级]
美[lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət] | 英[lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət]
adj. 合法的；世袭的；婚生的；正当的；合理的 vt. 使合法；授权；宣布 ... 为合法
pitfall [专八]
美[ˈpɪtfɔːl] | 英[ˈpɪtfɔːl]
n. 陷阱；隐患；想不到的困难
baker [专八]
美[ˈbekɚ] | 英[ˈbeɪkə(r)]
n. 面包师；烤炉
heartfelt [专八]
美[ˈhɑːrtfelt] | 英[ˈhɑːtfelt]
adj. 衷心的
warp [专八]
美[wɔrp] | 英[wɔ:p]
vt. 使翘起；弄歪；歪曲 vi. 变歪；扭曲 n. 弯曲；歪曲；乖僻；经纱；绞船索
lurk [专八]
美[lɜːrk] | 英[lɜːk]
v. 潜藏；潜伏；埋伏 n. 潜伏；隐藏
obsessive [专八]
美[əbˈsesɪv] | 英[əbˈsesɪv]
adj. 着迷的；困扰的；强迫性的
unrelated [考研]
美[ˌʌnrɪˈleɪtɪd] | 英[ˌʌnrɪˈleɪtɪd]
adj. 不相关的；无亲属关系的
compulsive [考研]
美[kəmˈpʌlsɪv] | 英[kəmˈpʌlsɪv]
adj. 极有趣的；强迫的；上瘾的；难以抑制的
重点讲解
But passion can also warp judgment. For firms, the obvious pitfall is rewarding commitment over competence.
但热爱也会使判断有误。对于公司来说，明显的陷阱是奖励对公司的投入而不是工作能力。
warp v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）（使）扭曲，变形
【例】The window frames had begun to warp.
窗框已经开始变形。
（2）使不合理，使有偏见
【例】His judgement was warped by prejudice.
他因偏见而判断有误。
2. 作名词：（织布机上的）经线，经纱
【例】warp knitting 织经纱
commitment n.
1. 承诺，保证
【例】I'm not ready to make a long-term commitment.
我还没有准备做出长期承诺。
2. （对工作或活动的）奉献，投入
【例】Her commitment to work is beyond question.
她的敬业精神是不容置疑的。
3. 承诺的事
【例】He's busy for the next month with filming commitments.
他正忙于准备已经承诺下个月接拍的电影工作。
4. 花费，使用（资金、时间、人力）
【例】Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy.
取得这种水平的成就需要花费时间和精力。
Just as that note-taking, detail-orientated baker could be churning out the world’s most disgusting profiteroles, the super-keen employee who volunteers for everything may not be that great at their job.
就像那个做笔记、注重细节的面包师可能会做出世界上最恶心的奶心巧克力酥球一样，一个超级热心的员工什么都愿意做，但可能工作能力并不出色。
churn out （粗制滥造地）大量生产，大量炮制
【例】She churns out novels at the rate of three a year.
她以一年三部的速度大量炮制小说。
【拓展】churn v.
1. 剧烈搅动；（使）猛烈翻腾
【例】The water churned beneath the huge ship.
水在巨轮下面剧烈翻滚。
2. 反胃，恶心
【例】My stomach churned as the names were read out.
名单一宣布，我就觉得胃里翻腾得难受。
3. 使感到不安，心烦意乱
【例】It churns me up inside to think what might have happened.
这让我心烦意乱，以为可能会发生什么。
The paper by Mr Jachimowicz, Mr Wang and Ms Bailey finds that passion may indeed be blinding managers to reality: it finds that even when the performance of passionate employees is on the downward slope, they are still more likely to be given promotions than taciturn peers.
杰希奥维茨、王先生和贝利的这篇论文发现，激情可能确实让经理们看不清现实：论文发现，即使充满激情的员工业绩下降，他们仍比沉默寡言的同事更有可能得到提拔。
blind v. & a.
1. 作动词
（1）使失明，使眼花
【例】The strong light almost blinded him.
强光照得他几乎什么都看不见了。
（2）使失去判断力
【例】His sense of loyalty blinded him to the truth.
他的赤诚忠心使他看不清真相。
2. 作形容词
（1）瞎的，失明的
【例】Doctors think he will go blind.
医生们认为他会失明。
（2）未察觉的，视而不见的
【例】She is blind to her husband's faults.
她对丈夫的过错毫无察觉。
（3）盲目的，莫名的
【例】It was a moment of blind panic.
当时一阵莫名的惊慌。
lurk v.
1. 潜伏，埋伏
【例】Why are you lurking around outside my house?
你在我房子外面鬼鬼祟祟的，想干什么？
2. （危险）暗藏，潜藏
【例】At night, danger lurks in these streets.
夜晚这些街上隐藏着危险
3. （在网上）隐身，“潜水”
【例】I think it’s sort of creepy how people lurk in chat rooms.
我觉得人们在聊天室里隐身不语有点可怕。
Dangers also lurk for employees. Even if commitment is heartfelt, passion comes in different varieties, some better than others.
对于员工来说也潜伏着危险。即使发自内心地想投入工作，热爱也有不同的表现形式，其中一些优于另一些。
blind v. & a.
1. 作动词
（1）使失明，使眼花
【例】The strong light almost blinded him.
强光照得他几乎什么都看不见了。
（2）使失去判断力
【例】His sense of loyalty blinded him to the truth.
他的赤诚忠心使他看不清真相。
2. 作形容词
（1）瞎的，失明的
【例】Doctors think he will go blind.
医生们认为他会失明。
（2）未察觉的，视而不见的
【例】She is blind to her husband's faults.
她对丈夫的过错毫无察觉。
（3）盲目的，莫名的
【例】It was a moment of blind panic.
当时一阵莫名的惊慌。
lurk v.
1. 潜伏，埋伏
【例】Why are you lurking around outside my house?
你在我房子外面鬼鬼祟祟的，想干什么？
2. （危险）暗藏，潜藏
【例】At night, danger lurks in these streets.
夜晚这些街上隐藏着危险
3. （在网上）隐身，“潜水”
【例】I think it’s sort of creepy how people lurk in chat rooms.
我觉得人们在聊天室里隐身不语有点可怕。
Psychologists distinguish between harmonious passion, in which people engage in an activity because they genuinely enjoy it, and obsessive passion, a more compulsive behaviour in which people feel like they are not really in control of themselves.
心理学家区分了和谐性热爱和强迫性热爱，前者是指人们因为真正喜欢某项活动而参与其中，后者是一种更具强迫性的行为，人们感觉自己并不能真正控制自己。
distinguish v.
1. 区分，辨别
【例】At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
2. 使有特色，使有区别
The power of speech distinguishes human beings from animals.
【例】语言能力使得人类有别于动物。
3. 看清；认出；听出
【例】The light was too dim for me to distinguish anything clearly.
光线太暗，我什么也看不清。
4. 使出众，使著名
【例】She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
作为运动员她已享有盛名。
compulsive a.
1. 强迫性的，难控制的
【例】compulsive eating/spending
强迫性进食／消费
2. 引人入胜的，有趣的
【例】The programme made compulsive viewing.
这节目引人入胜，收看起来欲罢不能。
One obvious pitfall stands out. There are only so many ways to communicate passion. Widening your eyes and nodding wildly: too weird. Jumping, whooping and sweating: even weirder.
还有一个明显的陷阱很凸出。就是表达热爱的方式只有这么多。睁大眼睛，疯狂点头：太奇怪了。蹦蹦跳跳、欢呼尖叫、直冒热汗：更奇怪了。
beyond question 毋庸置疑的
【例】Her honesty is beyond question.
她的诚实是毋庸置疑的。
exploit v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1） 利用…（为自己谋利）
【例】He exploited his father's name to get himself a job.
他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。
（2）剥削，压榨
【例】What is being done to stop employers from exploiting young people?
目前有什么措施制止雇主剥削年轻人呢？
（3）开发，开采
【例】Companies are moving in to exploit the natural resources of the area.
公司正在积极开发该地区的自然资源。
2. 作名词：英勇的行为
【例】His courage and exploits were legendary.
他的无畏与英勇事迹是出了名的。
Working ever longer hours, on the other hand, is a fairly simple way to show that your commitment is beyond question. Some evidence suggests that employers feel justified in exploiting that fact.
另一方面，延长工作时间是一种表明你毋庸置疑地投入工作的极简单方式。一些证据表明，雇主会理直气壮地利用这一事实。
beyond question 毋庸置疑的
【例】Her honesty is beyond question.
她的诚实是毋庸置疑的。
exploit v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1） 利用…（为自己谋利）
【例】He exploited his father's name to get himself a job.
他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。
（2）剥削，压榨
【例】What is being done to stop employers from exploiting young people?
目前有什么措施制止雇主剥削年轻人呢？
（3）开发，开采
【例】Companies are moving in to exploit the natural resources of the area.
公司正在积极开发该地区的自然资源。
2. 作名词：英勇的行为
【例】His courage and exploits were legendary.
他的无畏与英勇事迹是出了名的。
A survey by academics at Duke University, the University of Oregon and Oklahoma State University found that people thought it was more legitimate to ask passionate workers than disengaged ones to work for no money and to miss time they were meant to be spending with their families.
杜克大学、俄勒冈大学和俄克拉荷马州立大学的学者的一项调查发现，人们认为让热爱工作的员工无偿工作、牺牲他们本应与家人共度的时光，比让对工作不上心的员工这样做更合理。
legitimate a.
1. 合情合理的，正当的
【例】It seemed a perfectly legitimate question.
这似乎是完全合乎情理的问题。
2. 合法的，法定的
【例】the legitimate government of the country
这个国家的合法政府
They are also more comfortable with the idea of asking passionate employees to do totally unrelated tasks. People apparently believe that if you love your job, you will enjoy cleaning the office toilets more than people who are less enthused by it.
他们让热爱工作的员工去做并非分内的任务也更不会觉得不好意思。人们显然认为，如果你热爱自己的工作，你就会比那些不热爱工作的人更喜欢打扫办公室厕所。
legitimate a.
1. 合情合理的，正当的
【例】It seemed a perfectly legitimate question.
这似乎是完全合乎情理的问题。
2. 合法的，法定的
【例】the legitimate government of the country
这个国家的合法政府
It is great to feel passion for your job. But if you are up at 4 am for a meeting with Asia, constantly working on your holiday or have just been handed a bottle of bleach and a mop by your boss, you are in the grip of something that is not entirely healthy.
对工作充满热爱是很棒的。但如果你凌晨4点起床参加亚洲那边的会议，在假期里不停加班，或者老板递给你一瓶漂白剂和一个拖把，那么你就被某种不完全健康的东西控制住了。
in the grip of 处于不快却无法抑制的境遇；受制于某事
【例】a country in the grip of recession陷入衰退的国家
【拓展】grip n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）紧抓，紧握
【例】Keep a tight grip on the rope.
紧紧抓住绳索不放。
（2）控制，影响力
【例】We need to tighten the grip we have on the market.
我们得加强对市场的掌控。
（3）理解，了解
【例】You need to keep a good grip on reality in this job.
做这个工作你需要充分了解实际情况
2. 作动词
（1）紧握，紧抓
【例】She gripped on to the railing with both hands.
她双手紧紧抓住栏杆。
（2）使感兴趣，使激动
【例】The book grips you from start to finish.
这本书从头至尾扣人心弦。
（3）对…产生强有力的影响
【例】A sudden fear gripped me.
突然的恐惧笼罩了我。
课后练习
One of the influences of passion is that ____.
A. people believe that passion indicates loyalty to the company
B. the emphasis on passion may result in unfair treatment
C. passion may divert employees from their responsibilities
D. too much passion is likely to decrease work efficiency
What kind of passion is good passion?
A. The one that results from genuine love and interest.
B. The one that is driven by a desire for achievement.
C. The one that is beyond the restraint of oneself.
D. The one that can be shared by other people.
How may employers treat passionate workers?
A. Employers may incentivize them to work overtime.
B. Employers may reward them with better salaries.
C. Employers may take their commitment for granted.
D. Employers may ask them to support disengaged workers.
What is the author’s advice on passion?
A. People should strive to pursue their passion.
B. The best job is the one that can arouse passion.
C. Beware of unhealthy competition caused by passion.
D. Passion does not justify unreasonable pressures of work.