美国大都会歌剧院遭受网络攻击(中)

这次攻击具有日益盛行的一种现代攻击行为的特征，其目标包括企业、地方政府、医院，甚至酒店。

双语精读

The Met's outspoken support for Ukraine -- it presented "A Concert for Ukraine" last season; helped arrange a tour by the newly formed Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra; and parted ways with one of its reigning prima donnas, the Russian soprano Anna Netrebko, after she declined to distance herself from President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia -- led to speculation that Russia could be behind the cyberattack.

大都会歌剧院对乌克兰毫不掩饰地表示支持----上一季它推出了"乌克兰音乐会"，帮助新成立的乌克兰自由交响乐团安排了一次巡演，与其风头正劲的首席女歌手之一、俄罗斯女高音安娜·内特雷贝科分道扬镳，因为内特雷贝科拒绝与俄罗斯总统普京保持距离----这不禁让人猜测，俄罗斯可能是此次网络攻击的幕后黑手。

Gelb tamped down that theory, saying that the attack appeared to be the work of an organized criminal gang. He said the Met had informed the F.B.I. of the attack, and that he hoped that the box office would be running as early as Wednesday.

盖尔布驳斥了这一说法，称这次袭击似乎是一个有组织的犯罪团伙所为。他说，大都会歌剧院已经通知了FBI，希望售票厅最早能在周三恢复运营。

"I can understand why there might be conjecture that Russia is behind this, given the Met's strong condemnation of Putin and defense of Ukraine," he said.

"鉴于大都会歌剧院对普京的强烈谴责和对乌克兰的维护，我能理解为什么会有人猜测俄罗斯是幕后黑手。"他说。

"But we don't believe Putin is masterminding cyberattacks on opera companies. And if he is, that is a good reason that the Russians are losing the war."

"但我们不相信普京策划了针对歌剧院的网络攻击。如果真是这样，那俄罗斯倒是有理由输掉战争了。"

Gelb declined to elaborate on who was behind the attack.

盖尔布拒绝详细说明此次攻击是何方所为。

But cybersecurity experts said that, given how long it was taking the Met to get back online, the attack bore the hallmarks of an increasingly prevalent type of modern-day piracy that has targeted businesses, local governments, hospitals and even hotels.

但网络安全专家表示，考虑到大都会花了多长时间才恢复网络，这次攻击具有日益盛行的一种现代攻击行为的特征，其目标包括企业、地方政府、医院，甚至酒店。

The weapon? A type of software known as ransomware. The crime is as simple as it is effective.

武器是什么？是一种被称为勒索软件的软件。犯罪过程简单有效。

In some cases victims receive an email with a link or attachment that contains software that encrypts files on their computer and holds them hostage until they pay a ransom.

在某些情况下，受害者会收到一封带有链接或附件的电子邮件，其中包含对其计算机上的文件进行加密的软件，并将加密文件作为人质，直到支付赎金。

Ransomware has become a global scourge.

勒索软件已成为全球的祸害。

A ransomware attack this fall disrupted the government of Suffolk County, on Long Island, forcing it largely offline.

今年秋天，一次勒索软件攻击扰乱了长岛萨福克县的政府网站，迫使其基本下线。

Five years ago, one of the largest ransomware attacks in recent memory left thousands of computers at companies in Europe, universities in Asia and hospitals in Britain crippled or shut down--in some cases, paralyzing hospital equipment before patients were poised to go into surgery.

五年前，最近规模最大的一次勒索软件攻击导致欧洲的公司、亚洲的大学和英国的医院的数千台电脑瘫痪或关闭----在某些情况下，甚至在患者准备做手术之前，医院的设备就瘫痪了。

Justin Cappos, a cybersecurity expert at New York University's department of computer science and engineering, said hackers who carry out such attacks frequently operate in Russia and Eastern Europe, and often demand a ransom in Bitcoin, a digital currency that is hard to trace.

纽约大学计算机科学与工程系的网络安全专家贾斯汀·卡波斯说，实施此类攻击的黑客经常在俄罗斯和东欧活动，并经常要求用比特币支付赎金，比特币是一种难以追踪的数字货币。

A Bitcoin payment also can't be rescinded once it is made.

比特币一旦支付，也不能被撤销。

词汇预习

effective [高考]
美[ɪˈfektɪv] | 英[ɪˈfektɪv]
adj. 有效的；生效的；实际的
frequently [高考]
美[ˈfriːkwəntli] | 英[ˈfriːkwəntli]
adv. 频繁地；经常地
increasingly [高考]
美[ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli] | 英[ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli]
adv. 逐渐地；越来越多地
payment [高考]
美[ˈpeɪmənt] | 英[ˈpeɪmənt]
n. 支付；支付的款项；报偿；报应
largely [高考]
美[ˈlɑːrdʒli] | 英[ˈlɑːdʒli]
adv. 大部分；主要地
surgery [高考]
美[ˈsɜːrdʒəri] | 英[ˈsɜːdʒəri]
n. 外科手术；外科；诊所；手术室；应诊时间
demand [高考]
美[dɪˈmænd] | 英[dɪˈmɑːnd]
n. 要求；需求 v. 要求；查问；需要
theory [高考]
美[ˈθiːəri] | 英[ˈθɪəri]
n. 学说；理论；原理；意见
arrange [高考]
美[əˈreɪndʒ] | 英[əˈreɪndʒ]
vt. 整理；安排；计划；改编(乐曲) vi. 协商；计划
crime [高考]
美[kraɪm] | 英[kraɪm]
n. 犯罪；恶行
software [高考]
美[ˈsɔːftwer] | 英[ˈsɒftweə(r)]
n. 软件
criminal [高考]
美[ˈkrɪmɪnl] | 英[ˈkrɪmɪnl]
n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的；刑事的；违法的
defense [高考]
美[dɪ'fens] | 英[dɪ'fens]
n. 防卫；防卫物；辩护 vt. 防守
currency [高考]
美[ˈkɜːrənsi] | 英[ˈkʌrənsi]
n. 货币；流通
outspoken [高考]
美[aʊtˈspoʊkən] | 英[aʊtˈspəʊkən]
adj. 直言无讳的；坦率的
as it is [高考]
美[æz ɪt ɪz] | 英[æz it iz]
实际上；既然如此
shut down [高考]
美[ʃʌt daʊn] | 英[ʃʌt daun]
关闭；（使）停工
expert at [高考]
美[ˈɛkˌspɚt æt] | 英[ˈekspə:t æt]
在 ... 方面的老手；专家；专长于
weapon [高考]
美[ˈwepən] | 英[ˈwepən]
n. 武器，兵器，凶器；（用于应付困境的）工具，手段 v. 武装，装备
gang [高考]
美[ɡæŋ] | 英[ɡæŋ]
n. 一群；一伙；(歹徒等的)一帮 v. 结成一伙；结伙袭击
piracy [高考]
美[ˈpaɪrəsi] | 英[ˈpaɪrəsi]
n. 盗版；剽窃；著作权侵害；海盗行为
trace [高考]
美[treɪs] | 英[treɪs]
n. 痕迹；微量；踪迹 v. 追踪；描绘；找出根源
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
elaborate [四级]
美[ɪ'læbəret] | 英[ɪ'læb(ə)rət]
adj. 详尽的；复杂的；精心的；精美的 v. 详细地说明；用心制作；推敲；变得复杂
email [四级]
美['imeɪl] | 英['i:meɪl]
vt. 发电子邮件；给……发电子邮件 n. 电子邮件，电子信函
prevalent [四级]
美[ˈprevələnt] | 英[ˈprevələnt]
adj. 流行的；普遍的
attachment [四级]
美[əˈtætʃmənt] | 英[əˈtætʃmənt]
n. 附件；附属物；忠诚；依恋；附著；依赖 n. [法律]扣押令
engineering [四级]
美[ˌendʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ] | 英[ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ]
n. 工程学；工程
bore [四级]
美[bɔːr] | 英[bɔː(r)]
v. 使厌烦；开凿；钻孔；挖掘；盯着看 n. 讨厌的人；麻烦事；(管道、枪炮等的)孔；涌潮；(找水或石油的)钻孔
hostage [六级]
美[ˈhɑːstɪdʒ] | 英[ˈhɒstɪdʒ]
n. 人质
ransom [专四]
美[ˈrænsəm] | 英[ˈrænsəm]
n. 赎金；赎身；赎回 vt. 赎回
soprano [专八]
美[səˈprɑnoʊ] | 英[səˈprɑ:nəʊ]
n. 女高音；最高音部 adj. 女高音的
conjecture [专八]
美[kənˈdʒɛktʃɚ] | 英[kənˈdʒektʃə(r)]
n. 臆测，猜测；推测的结果 v. 猜测，推测；（校勘时的）揣摩
speculation [考研]
美[ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn] | 英[ˌspekjuˈleɪʃn]
n. 推测；投机；沉思
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上
informed [托福]
美[ɪnˈfɔːrmd] | 英[ɪnˈfɔːmd]
adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的；有学问的 v. 通知，告诉（动词inform的过去式和过去分词）
scourge [托福]
美[skɜrdʒ] | 英[skɜ:dʒ]
n. 灾难；祸患；鞭子

重点讲解

The Met's outspoken support for Ukraine -- it presented "A Concert for Ukraine" last season; helped arrange a tour by the newly formed Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra; and parted ways with one of its reigning prima donnas, the Russian soprano Anna Netrebko, after she declined to distance herself from President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia -- led to speculation that Russia could be behind the cyberattack.

大都会歌剧院对乌克兰毫不掩饰地表示支持----上一季它推出了"乌克兰音乐会"，帮助新成立的乌克兰自由交响乐团安排了一次巡演，与其风头正劲的首席女歌手之一、俄罗斯女高音安娜·内特雷贝科分道扬镳，因为内特雷贝科拒绝与俄罗斯总统普京保持距离----这不禁让人猜测，俄罗斯可能是此次网络攻击的幕后黑手。

part ways (with) 离开；分别

（英文释义：to end a relationship or to leave sb）

【例】The band members parted ways after releasing their third album.

发行第三张专辑后，乐队成员就各奔东西了。

She has since parted ways with the organization.

她从此离开了组织。

reign v.

1. 统治；当政

【例】Queen Elizabeth II reigned from 1952 to 2022.

伊丽莎白二世自1952年至2022年在位。

【拓展】reign n. 君主统治时期

【例】in the 2nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty

在清光绪二年

2. 成为最佳；成为最重要的

【例】In the field of classical music, he still reigns supreme.

在古典音乐领域，他仍然是最为杰出的。

【拓展】reigning adj. 占统治地位的；首屈一指的

【例】She was the reigning beauty of her day.

她曾是当时的第一美人。

Gelb tamped down that theory, saying that the attack appeared to be the work of an organized criminal gang. He said the Met had informed the F.B.I. of the attack, and that he hoped that the box office would be running as early as Wednesday.

盖尔布驳斥了这一说法，称这次袭击似乎是一个有组织的犯罪团伙所为。他说，大都会歌剧院已经通知了FBI，希望售票厅最早能在周三恢复运营。

tamp down

1. 压实；塞紧

【例】He tamped down the tobacco in his pipe.

他把烟丝紧紧摁实在烟斗内。

2. 控制；压制

【例】to tamp down price rises/rumors 控制物价上涨/把谣言压下去

conjecture v. & n.

1. 作动词：猜测；推测

【例】We can only conjecture what was in the killer's mind.

我们只能猜测当时凶手心里想的是什么。

【拓展】speculate v. 推测；猜测

2. 作名词：猜测；推测

【例】The truth of his conjecture was confirmed by the newspaper report.

新闻报道证明了他的推测果然不假。

【拓展】speculation n. 推测；猜测

mastermind v. & n.

1. 作动词：策划，操纵（复杂的事）

【例】He masterminded the bank robbery.

他策划了抢劫银行事件。

2. 作名词：（极具才智的）主谋；出谋划策者

【例】He was the mastermind behind the scheme.

他是这一计谋的幕后主使。

"I can understand why there might be conjecture that Russia is behind this, given the Met's strong condemnation of Putin and defense of Ukraine," he said.

"鉴于大都会歌剧院对普京的强烈谴责和对乌克兰的维护，我能理解为什么会有人猜测俄罗斯是幕后黑手。"他说。

tamp down

1. 压实；塞紧

【例】He tamped down the tobacco in his pipe.

他把烟丝紧紧摁实在烟斗内。

2. 控制；压制

【例】to tamp down price rises/rumors 控制物价上涨/把谣言压下去

conjecture v. & n.

1. 作动词：猜测；推测

【例】We can only conjecture what was in the killer's mind.

我们只能猜测当时凶手心里想的是什么。

【拓展】speculate v. 推测；猜测

2. 作名词：猜测；推测

【例】The truth of his conjecture was confirmed by the newspaper report.

新闻报道证明了他的推测果然不假。

【拓展】speculation n. 推测；猜测

mastermind v. & n.

1. 作动词：策划，操纵（复杂的事）

【例】He masterminded the bank robbery.

他策划了抢劫银行事件。

2. 作名词：（极具才智的）主谋；出谋划策者

【例】He was the mastermind behind the scheme.

他是这一计谋的幕后主使。

"But we don't believe Putin is masterminding cyberattacks on opera companies. And if he is, that is a good reason that the Russians are losing the war."

"但我们不相信普京策划了针对歌剧院的网络攻击。如果真是这样，那俄罗斯倒是有理由输掉战争了。"

tamp down

1. 压实；塞紧

【例】He tamped down the tobacco in his pipe.

他把烟丝紧紧摁实在烟斗内。

2. 控制；压制

【例】to tamp down price rises/rumors 控制物价上涨/把谣言压下去

conjecture v. & n.

1. 作动词：猜测；推测

【例】We can only conjecture what was in the killer's mind.

我们只能猜测当时凶手心里想的是什么。

【拓展】speculate v. 推测；猜测

2. 作名词：猜测；推测

【例】The truth of his conjecture was confirmed by the newspaper report.

新闻报道证明了他的推测果然不假。

【拓展】speculation n. 推测；猜测

mastermind v. & n.

1. 作动词：策划，操纵（复杂的事）

【例】He masterminded the bank robbery.

他策划了抢劫银行事件。

2. 作名词：（极具才智的）主谋；出谋划策者

【例】He was the mastermind behind the scheme.

他是这一计谋的幕后主使。

Gelb declined to elaborate on who was behind the attack.

盖尔布拒绝详细说明此次攻击是何方所为。

elaborate v. & adj.

1. 作动词：详尽阐述；详细描述

【例】He said he was resigning but did not elaborate on his reasons.

他说他准备辞职但未详细说明原因。

2. 作形容词：复杂的；详尽的；精心制作的

【例】She had prepared a very elaborate meal.

她做了一顿精美的饭菜。

bear v. 显示；带有

【例】He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars.

他在战争中负了重伤，现在还留有伤疤。

prevalent adj. 流行的，普遍的，盛行的

【例】Colds are prevalent in the winter.

感冒在冬季很普遍。

【拓展】prevail v. 普遍存在；盛行

【例】Those beliefs still prevail among certain social groups.

那些观念在某些社会群体中仍很盛行。

But cybersecurity experts said that, given how long it was taking the Met to get back online, the attack bore the hallmarks of an increasingly prevalent type of modern-day piracy that has targeted businesses, local governments, hospitals and even hotels.

但网络安全专家表示，考虑到大都会花了多长时间才恢复网络，这次攻击具有日益盛行的一种现代攻击行为的特征，其目标包括企业、地方政府、医院，甚至酒店。

elaborate v. & adj.

1. 作动词：详尽阐述；详细描述

【例】He said he was resigning but did not elaborate on his reasons.

他说他准备辞职但未详细说明原因。

2. 作形容词：复杂的；详尽的；精心制作的

【例】She had prepared a very elaborate meal.

她做了一顿精美的饭菜。

bear v. 显示；带有

【例】He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars.

他在战争中负了重伤，现在还留有伤疤。

prevalent adj. 流行的，普遍的，盛行的

【例】Colds are prevalent in the winter.

感冒在冬季很普遍。

【拓展】prevail v. 普遍存在；盛行

【例】Those beliefs still prevail among certain social groups.

那些观念在某些社会群体中仍很盛行。

The weapon? A type of software known as ransomware. The crime is as simple as it is effective.

武器是什么？是一种被称为勒索软件的软件。犯罪过程简单有效。

as+adj.+as it is+adj. 既……又……

【例】The policy is as cynical as it is dangerous.

这一政策既危险又冷酷无情。

scourge v. & n.

1. 作动词：

（1）鞭打；鞭笞

【例】The prisoner was scourged with a whip.

囚犯被鞭笞。

（2）折磨；使痛苦

【例】He lay awake, scourged by his conscience.

他备受良心的折磨，不能入睡。

2. 作名词：祸害；祸根

【例】the scourge of war/disease/poverty 战争/疾病/贫穷之苦

In some cases victims receive an email with a link or attachment that contains software that encrypts files on their computer and holds them hostage until they pay a ransom.

在某些情况下，受害者会收到一封带有链接或附件的电子邮件，其中包含对其计算机上的文件进行加密的软件，并将加密文件作为人质，直到支付赎金。

as+adj.+as it is+adj. 既……又……

【例】The policy is as cynical as it is dangerous.

这一政策既危险又冷酷无情。

scourge v. & n.

1. 作动词：

（1）鞭打；鞭笞

【例】The prisoner was scourged with a whip.

囚犯被鞭笞。

（2）折磨；使痛苦

【例】He lay awake, scourged by his conscience.

他备受良心的折磨，不能入睡。

2. 作名词：祸害；祸根

【例】the scourge of war/disease/poverty 战争/疾病/贫穷之苦

Ransomware has become a global scourge.

勒索软件已成为全球的祸害。

as+adj.+as it is+adj. 既……又……

【例】The policy is as cynical as it is dangerous.

这一政策既危险又冷酷无情。

scourge v. & n.

1. 作动词：

（1）鞭打；鞭笞

【例】The prisoner was scourged with a whip.

囚犯被鞭笞。

（2）折磨；使痛苦

【例】He lay awake, scourged by his conscience.

他备受良心的折磨，不能入睡。

2. 作名词：祸害；祸根

【例】the scourge of war/disease/poverty 战争/疾病/贫穷之苦

A ransomware attack this fall disrupted the government of Suffolk County, on Long Island, forcing it largely offline.

今年秋天，一次勒索软件攻击扰乱了长岛萨福克县的政府网站，迫使其基本下线。

poised adj.

1. 处于准备状态；蓄势待发

【例】The cat crouched in the grass, poised to jump.

猫儿蹲踞在草丛中，准备跳跃。

【例】The economy is poised for recovery.

经济呈复苏之势。

2. 泰然自如的；镇定的

【例】He is cool and poised.

他冷静沉着。

五年前，最近规模最大的一次勒索软件攻击导致欧洲的公司、亚洲的大学和英国的医院的数千台电脑瘫痪或关闭----在某些情况下，甚至在患者准备做手术之前，医院的设备就瘫痪了。

poised adj.

1. 处于准备状态；蓄势待发

【例】The cat crouched in the grass, poised to jump.

猫儿蹲踞在草丛中，准备跳跃。

【例】The economy is poised for recovery.

经济呈复苏之势。

2. 泰然自如的；镇定的

【例】He is cool and poised.

他冷静沉着。

纽约大学计算机科学与工程系的网络安全专家贾斯汀·卡波斯说，实施此类攻击的黑客经常在俄罗斯和东欧活动，并经常要求用比特币支付赎金，比特币是一种难以追踪的数字货币。

trace n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）痕迹；踪迹

【例】Police searched the area but found no trace of the escaped prisoners.

警方搜索了那一地区，但未发现越狱逃犯的任何踪迹。

（2）微量；少许

【例】speak with a trace of American accent 讲话略带美国口音

2. 作动词

（1）查出；追踪

【例】We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.

我们终于追查到他在芝加哥的一个地址。

（2）描绘（事物的过程或发展）

【例】Her book traces the town's history from Saxon times to the present day.

她的书描述的是这个市镇从撒克逊时代到现在的历史。

rescind v. 废除；撤销

【例】to rescind a contract/law/decision 解除合同/废除法律/撤销决定

【近义词】revoke/cancel 撤回；取消；废除

A Bitcoin payment also can't be rescinded once it is made.

比特币一旦支付，也不能被撤销。

trace n. & v.

1. 作名词

（1）痕迹；踪迹

【例】Police searched the area but found no trace of the escaped prisoners.

警方搜索了那一地区，但未发现越狱逃犯的任何踪迹。

（2）微量；少许

【例】speak with a trace of American accent 讲话略带美国口音

2. 作动词

（1）查出；追踪

【例】We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.

我们终于追查到他在芝加哥的一个地址。

（2）描绘（事物的过程或发展）

【例】Her book traces the town's history from Saxon times to the present day.

她的书描述的是这个市镇从撒克逊时代到现在的历史。

rescind v. 废除；撤销

【例】to rescind a contract/law/decision 解除合同/废除法律/撤销决定

【近义词】revoke/cancel 撤回；取消；废除

课后练习

It is suspected that Russia was responsible for the attack because ____.
A. the Met showed its support for Ukraine in a high-profile manner
B. the Met’s prima donna dissented from President Putin’s policies
C. the Met provided assistance and funds for Ukrainian troops
D. the Met was informed by the F.B.I. of clues related to Russia
According to Mr. Gelb, the theory that Russia was behind the attack ____.
A. was based on obvious evidence
B. was likely to be confirmed by the F.B.I.
C. was exaggerated and false
D. was biased and unfair
Which of the following is true about the attack on the Met?
A. It was a signal of upcoming attacks on other organizations.
B. It was a simple crime and caused limited disruption.
C. It aimed to steal the confidential files and documents.
D. It was a typical cyberattack implemented with ransomware.
What can be learned about ransomware attacks?
A. They have caused heavy casualties around the globe.
B. They can lead to equipment shutdown on a large scale.
C. They are legalized in Russia and Eastern Europe.
D. They demand a ransom in Bitcoin for its high value.