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可以点外卖, 为什么要自己做披萨
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可以点外卖, 为什么要自己做披萨
如果你想吃到披萨，最简单的方法就是通过打电话或应用程序下单，不到一小时披萨就会送到你家门口。 
双语精读
Get a pizza the action
动手烤披萨
If you want to get your hands on a pizza, the easiest way is to order one by phone or app; within the hour it will land on your doorstep. (So convenient is this method that Americans spent $17bn on pizza deliveries last year.)
如果你想吃到披萨，最简单的方法就是通过打电话或应用程序下单，不到一小时披萨就会送到你家门口。（这种方法如此便捷，以至于美国人去年在披萨外卖上花费了170亿美元。）
Nevertheless, some people prefer a harder way: making a pie from scratch. Even inexpert bakers will manage to ferment flour, water, yeast and salt into a decent dough, before topping it with pureed tomatoes, mozzarella and some basil.
然而，有些人偏爱更费力的方式：从零开始做披萨。即便是非专业的烘焙者也能用面粉、水、酵母、盐成功发酵出不错的面团，然后在上面放上捣成糊状的番茄、马苏里拉奶酪和少许罗勒叶。
The problem comes when it is time to cook the thing. For a long time, you had three choices. First, use a conventional oven-but, because they rarely get above around 250°C, the pizza will be flat and dry.
问题出在烘烤环节。长久以来，你有三种选择。第一种是使用传统烤箱，但是由于烤箱的温度很少能达到250摄氏度以上，因此披萨会变得又扁又干。
Second, buy a giant wood-fired oven: perfect for anyone with thousands of dollars and an immense amount of space to spare. Third, anyone with many hundreds, a large garden and a taste for backbreaking manual labour could build their own.
第二种选择是购买一个巨大的柴火烤炉：适合那些手头有几千美元闲钱，而且拥有大量闲置空间的人。第三种选择适合手头有几百美元、拥有一个大院子、喜欢艰苦体力劳动的人，这些人可以自己造一个烤炉。
But in recent years, a fourth option has emerged: portable ovens. These are just big enough for a single pizza and fuelled by wood, propane or electricity. They tend to be domed; the shape reflects heat downwards, as in a professional oven. Crucially, they are reasonably priced, starting at around $250.
但近年来，第四种选择出现了：便携式烤箱。这种烤箱刚好能放进一张披萨，以木材、丙烷或电为燃料。它们通常有圆顶，这种形状能将热量向下反射，就像专业烤炉一样。关键是价格合理，起步价约为250美元。
The delicious pizza they produce shatters a long-held belief that cooking with wood or coal was the only way to make one of restaurant quality. In fact, different heat sources produce little or no discernible difference in flavour.
这种烤箱制作的美味披萨打破了一个长期存在的观念，即只有用木柴或煤炭才能做出餐厅品质的披萨。事实上，不同的热源对风味产生的影响微乎其微，甚至完全无法察觉。
A pizza's cooking time is brief-around 90 seconds-and it is not being smoked by the charcoal. Gas ovens get hot enough (upwards of 450°C) to produce the puffed, leopard-spotted crust that defines a first-rate pizza.
家用烤箱的烘烤一张披萨的时间很短——大约90秒——而且不会被木炭的烟熏到。燃气烤箱能达到足够高的温度（超过450摄氏度），从而烤出蓬松、布满豹纹状焦痕的饼皮，这是一流披萨的标志。
That just leaves the question of why anyone would spend time and money making perhaps the most easily acquired takeaway food on Earth. One reason is taste: pizza straight from the oven is much more delicious than the same pizza 30 minutes later, partly stuck to a cardboard box.
最后剩下的问题就是，为什么有人会花费时间和金钱去制作地球上最容易买到的外卖食品？一个原因是味道：新鲜出炉的披萨比放了三十分钟、粘在纸盒上的披萨美味得多。
Another is social: with an oven, dough balls, toppings and some friends, a summer party emerges. Last is pride. Anyone can pick up a phone, but when a dish hits your eye and it's your own pizza pie, that's amore.
另一个原因是社交：有了烤箱、面团、配料和一些朋友，自然而然就有了一场夏日派对。最后一个原因是自豪。任何人都能拿起手机点外卖，但当一道菜出现在你眼前，而且是你自己做的披萨，那么这不仅是披萨，而是爱。
词汇预习
- giant [高考]
美[ˈdʒaɪənt] | 英[ˈdʒaɪənt]
n. 巨人；巨物；大公司
adj. 巨大的 - option [高考]
美[ˈɑːpʃn] | 英[ˈɒpʃn]
n. 选项；选择；选择权；可选择的事物
v. 购买（或出售）…的选择权 - rarely [高考]
美[ˈrerli] | 英[ˈreəli]
adv. 很少；难得 - oven [高考]
美[ˈʌvn] | 英[ˈʌvn]
n. 烤箱；烤炉 - reasonably [高考]
美[ˈriznəblɪ] | 英[ˈri:znəbli]
adv. 适度地；相当地；合理地；有理性地 - manual [高考]
美[ˈmænjuəl] | 英[ˈmænjuəl]
adj. 手工的；体力的
n. 指南；手册；键盘 - within [高考]
美[wɪˈðɪn] | 英[wɪˈðɪn]
prep. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)内；在…里面
adv. 在…里面
n. 内部 - rate [高考]
美[reɪt] | 英[reɪt]
n. 比率；速度；价格；费用；等级
v. 认为；估价；定等级；值得；怒斥；责骂 - belief [高考]
美[bɪˈliːf] | 英[bɪˈliːf]
n. 信念；信仰；相信 - brief [高考]
美[briːf] | 英[briːf]
adj. 短暂的；短期的；简短的；扼要的
n. 摘要；案件陈述
vt. 作…的概述；（向…）简单介绍 - portable [高考]
美[ˈpɔːrtəbl] | 英[ˈpɔːtəbl]
adj. 轻便的；手提式的；[计]可移植的
n. 便携的东西 - labour [高考]
美[ˈleɪbər] | 英[ˈleɪbə(r)]
n. 劳动；劳工；分娩
v. 努力；干苦力活；困难吃力地行进；反复说明
n. (英国)工党 - flour [高考]
美[ˈflaʊər] | 英[ˈflaʊə(r)]
n. 面粉；粉末
v. 研成粉末；撒上粉 - conventional [高考]
美[kənˈvenʃənl] | 英[kənˈvenʃənl]
adj. 传统的；惯例的；常规的 - flavour [高考]
美[ˈfleɪvər] | 英[ˈfleɪvə(r)]
n. 味道；风味；韵味
vt. 给...加味；给...增添风趣 - decent [高考]
美[ˈdiːsnt] | 英[ˈdiːsnt]
adj. 相当好的；体面的；适当的；正派的 - immense [高考]
美[ɪˈmens] | 英[ɪˈmens]
adj. 巨大的；广大的；[口]非常好的 - would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式 - crust [四级]
美[krʌst] | 英[krʌst]
n. 外壳；坚硬的外壳；面包皮
vt. 盖以硬皮
vi. 结硬皮 - pizza [四级]
美[ˈpiːtsə] | 英[ˈpiːtsə]
n. 比萨饼 - first-rate [四级]
美[ˈfəstˈret] | 英[fɜ:st reɪt]
adj. 第一流的；最佳的
adv. 一流地 - cardboard [四级]
美[ˈkɑrdbɔrd] | 英[ˈkɑ:dbɔ:d]
n. 厚纸板
adj. 厚纸板的；不真实的；无实质的 - leopard [六级]
美[ˈlepərd] | 英[ˈlepəd]
n. 豹；美洲豹，金钱豹，花豹；豹斑；（纹章）斑豹造型 - yeast [六级]
美[jist] | 英[ji:st]
n. 酵母；发酵剂
vi. 发酵；起泡沫 - charcoal [六级]
美[ˈtʃɑrkoʊl] | 英[ˈtʃɑ:kəʊl]
n. 木炭；炭笔 - ferment [专四]
美[fərˈment] | 英[fəˈment]
n. 发酵；酵素；动乱
v. （使）发酵；动乱 - doorstep [专八]
美[ˈdɔrstep] | 英[ˈdɔ:step]
n. 门阶 - discernible [专八]
美[dɪˈsɜːrnəbl] | 英[dɪˈsɜːnəbl]
adj. 可辨别的 - backbreaking [托福]
美[ˈbækˌbrekɪŋ] | 英['bækˌbreɪkɪŋ]
adj. 非常辛苦的；极累人的
重点讲解
Get a pizza the action
动手烤披萨
If you want to get your hands on a pizza, the easiest way is to order one by phone or app; within the hour it will land on your doorstep. (So convenient is this method that Americans spent $17bn on pizza deliveries last year.)
如果你想吃到披萨，最简单的方法就是通过打电话或应用程序下单，不到一小时披萨就会送到你家门口。（这种方法如此便捷，以至于美国人去年在披萨外卖上花费了170亿美元。）
Nevertheless, some people prefer a harder way: making a pie from scratch. Even inexpert bakers will manage to ferment flour, water, yeast and salt into a decent dough, before topping it with pureed tomatoes, mozzarella and some basil.
然而，有些人偏爱更费力的方式：从零开始做披萨。即便是非专业的烘焙者也能用面粉、水、酵母、盐成功发酵出不错的面团，然后在上面放上捣成糊状的番茄、马苏里拉奶酪和少许罗勒叶。
from scratch 从零开始
【例】I learned German from scratch in six months.
我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。
【近义词】from the ground up 从头开始
【例】We have to redo it from the ground up.
我们必须从头开始重做。
conventional adj. 传统的；常规的
【例】She's very conventional in her views.
她的观点很传统守旧。
【反义词】unconventional adj. 非常规的；新奇的
【例】an unconventional approach 非常规的办法
【拓展】convention n. 习俗；常规；惯例
The problem comes when it is time to cook the thing. For a long time, you had three choices. First, use a conventional oven—but, because they rarely get above around 250°C, the pizza will be flat and dry.
问题出在烘烤环节。长久以来，你有三种选择。第一种是使用传统烤箱，但是由于烤箱的温度很少能达到250摄氏度以上，因此披萨会变得又扁又干。
from scratch 从零开始
【例】I learned German from scratch in six months.
我从零学起，六个月学会了德语。
【近义词】from the ground up 从头开始
【例】We have to redo it from the ground up.
我们必须从头开始重做。
conventional adj. 传统的；常规的
【例】She's very conventional in her views.
她的观点很传统守旧。
【反义词】unconventional adj. 非常规的；新奇的
【例】an unconventional approach 非常规的办法
【拓展】convention n. 习俗；常规；惯例
Second, buy a giant wood-fired oven: perfect for anyone with thousands of dollars and an immense amount of space to spare. Third, anyone with many hundreds, a large garden and a taste for backbreaking manual labour could build their own.
第二种选择是购买一个巨大的柴火烤炉：适合那些手头有几千美元闲钱，而且拥有大量闲置空间的人。第三种选择适合手头有几百美元、拥有一个大院子、喜欢艰苦体力劳动的人，这些人可以自己造一个烤炉。
to spare 富余的
【例】We arrived at the airport with five minutes to spare.
我们赶到机场时还剩五分钟。
【拓展】spare adj. 空余的；闲置的；备用的
【例】spare time 空闲时间
a spare room 空置的房间
a spare key 备用钥匙
But in recent years, a fourth option has emerged: portable ovens. These are just big enough for a single pizza and fuelled by wood, propane or electricity. They tend to be domed; the shape reflects heat downwards, as in a professional oven. Crucially, they are reasonably priced, starting at around $250.
但近年来，第四种选择出现了：便携式烤箱。这种烤箱刚好能放进一张披萨，以木材、丙烷或电为燃料。它们通常有圆顶，这种形状能将热量向下反射，就像专业烤炉一样。关键是价格合理，起步价约为250美元。
portable adj. 便携的；手提的
【例】a portable fan/device 便携电风扇/设备
a portable software 无需安装的软件
【近义词】hand-held adj. 手持的
【拓展】transport v. 运输
porter n. （火车站或旅馆）搬运工
The delicious pizza they produce shatters a long-held belief that cooking with wood or coal was the only way to make one of restaurant quality. In fact, different heat sources produce little or no discernible difference in flavour.
这种烤箱制作的美味披萨打破了一个长期存在的观念，即只有用木柴或煤炭才能做出餐厅品质的披萨。事实上，不同的热源对风味产生的影响微乎其微，甚至完全无法察觉。
shatter v. 打碎；打破
【例】to shatter the window 打碎玻璃窗
to shatter the record 打破纪录
to shatter his confidence 粉碎他的信心
【近义词】break v. 打碎；打破
define v. 定义；本质特征是
【例】Reason defines man.
理性是人的本质特征。
the defining quality 本质特征
A pizza’s cooking time is brief—around 90 seconds—and it is not being smoked by the charcoal. Gas ovens get hot enough (upwards of 450°C) to produce the puffed, leopard-spotted crust that defines a first-rate pizza.
家用烤箱的烘烤一张披萨的时间很短——大约90秒——而且不会被木炭的烟熏到。燃气烤箱能达到足够高的温度（超过450摄氏度），从而烤出蓬松、布满豹纹状焦痕的饼皮，这是一流披萨的标志。
shatter v. 打碎；打破
【例】to shatter the window 打碎玻璃窗
to shatter the record 打破纪录
to shatter his confidence 粉碎他的信心
【近义词】break v. 打碎；打破
define v. 定义；本质特征是
【例】Reason defines man.
理性是人的本质特征。
the defining quality 本质特征
That just leaves the question of why anyone would spend time and money making perhaps the most easily acquired takeaway food on Earth. One reason is taste: pizza straight from the oven is much more delicious than the same pizza 30 minutes later, partly stuck to a cardboard box.
最后剩下的问题就是，为什么有人会花费时间和金钱去制作地球上最容易买到的外卖食品？一个原因是味道：新鲜出炉的披萨比放了三十分钟、粘在纸盒上的披萨美味得多。
acquire v. 获得；买到
【例】to acquire knowledge/a house 获得知识/买下一套房
to acquire a habit/taste 养成一个习惯/培养一种口味
【拓展】acquisition n. 获得物；购置物
【例】The house is his latest acquisition.
这房子是他最近买的。
Another is social: with an oven, dough balls, toppings and some friends, a summer party emerges. Last is pride. Anyone can pick up a phone, but when a dish hits your eye and it’s your own pizza pie, that’s amore.
另一个原因是社交：有了烤箱、面团、配料和一些朋友，自然而然就有了一场夏日派对。最后一个原因是自豪。任何人都能拿起手机点外卖，但当一道菜出现在你眼前，而且是你自己做的披萨，那么这不仅是披萨，而是爱。
课后练习
What is the biggest challenge in making a pizza?
A. The proper baking of the pizza.
B. The preparation of the toppings.
C. The complex fermenting process.
D. The balance of different ingredients.The drawbacks of the three traditional oven options don't include ____.
A. temperature limitation
B. high cost and huge space
C. hard labour in building the oven
D. requirement for professional skillsWhat kind of belief does the portable oven break?
A. It requires a long time to cook a first-rate pizza .
B. Gas or electric ovens can't reach high temperatures.
C. Only professional wood-fired ovens can cook a good pizza.
D. Portable ovens are not affordable for average households.One of the reasons why people make pizzas by themselves is that ____.
A. takeaway pizzas are too expensive
B. most people have a family recipe for pizza
C. it saves time compared to ordering delivery
D. it helps gather people and brings joy and pride
