公司食堂的变迁(上)

公司食堂于工业革命时期诞生，是白领生活中的家长主义固定设施，二十世纪中叶公司搬往不断扩张的城郊办公园区，公司食堂被保留下来。

双语精读

The Corporate Cafeteria Is Broken. So How to Feed Workers?

公司食堂行不通了，该怎样解决员工用餐呢？

Even as the sprawling dining halls of old struggle with emptier workplaces, food is still important to employees, particularly the young.

办公楼越来越空，曾经杂乱的大食堂勉强撑持，但餐食对员工，尤其是年轻人而言，依然很重要。

Many companies are reinventing the company meal.

许多公司正在重新设计公司餐食。

The corporate cafeteria can be an especially lonely place these days.

这段时间，公司食堂可能是一个格外冷清的地方。

"You used to walk in at 12 o'clock on a Tuesday and stand in line to get something," said Casey Allen, 46, who works for a division of the agricultural chemical company BASF in Raleigh, N.C. "Now, you walk in and you're usually first in line."

"以前你在周二中午12点走进食堂，要排队才能取餐，"46岁的凯西·艾伦说，她在北卡罗来纳州罗利市的农业化学品公司BASF的一个部门工作。"现在你走进食堂，一般是第一个排队的。"

A paternalistic fixture of white-collar life born of the Industrial Revolution, the office dining room survived the midcentury move to sprawling suburban office parks.

公司食堂于工业革命时期诞生，是白领生活中的家长主义固定设施，二十世纪中叶公司搬往不断扩张的城郊办公园区，公司食堂被保留下来。

It weathered the rise and fall of cubicle culture and power lunches, and more recently, the lavish excess of the Silicon Valley office lunch.

随后它经受住了格子间文化和商业午餐会的兴衰，以及最近硅谷豪华丰盛的工作午餐的考验。

But as the American office emerges from its pandemic slumber, can the cafeteria survive layoffs, a workweek that sometimes requires only a few days in the mother ship and a new, more demanding generation of employees?

但是，随着美国办公室从大流行的沉睡中走出来，食堂还能挺过裁员、有时只需坐班几天的工作周，以及更为挑剔的新一代员工吗？

Even at companies like Meta, which this month announced that it would lay off 126 cafeteria employees at its headquarters in Menlo Park, Calif., workers are skipping free meals in a quest to leave the office as soon as possible.

即使是在像Meta这样的公司，员工们为了尽早下班，也都放弃了免费餐食。Meta在本月宣布，将在加州门洛帕克市总部裁减126名食堂员工。

"The world of the traditional big cafeteria is dead," said Fedele Bauccio, who in 1987 co-founded Bon Appétit Management Company, which runs food service at hundreds of museums, universities and companies like LinkedIn. "They are just too expensive to maintain, and not flexible enough."

"传统大食堂的世界已经死去了。"费德勒·鲍西奥说。他在1987年与人共同创立了"好胃口"管理公司，为数百家博物馆、大学和领英等公司提供餐饮服务。"食堂的维护成本太高，而且不够灵活。"

Still, office workers need to eat. So companies are blowing up the cafeteria.

尽管如此，上班族还是需要吃饭。于是公司开始吹嘘食堂。

Long regarded as a way to encourage productivity, cafeterias are being reframed as respite and recreation, designed to attract younger workers in a job market badly in need of them.

长期以来，食堂一直被认为是提高工作效率的一种方式，现在却被改造成了一种休息和娱乐方式，目的是吸引就业市场急需的年轻员工。

Some companies are installing cocktail bars, or hosting sunset oyster-shucking parties to help employees relax and socialize after work.

一些公司在布置鸡尾酒吧，或者举办落日牡蛎派对，以帮助员工在下班后放松和社交。

The large dining halls at tech giants are being divided into smaller, more homey spaces flexible enough to feed a work force whose size changes drastically day to day.

科技巨头的大型餐厅被分成了更小、更温馨的空间，足够灵活地为规模每天都不断变化的员工提供餐食。

Developers are building restaurants that function like subsidized corporate cafeterias but are open to the public. "Free pizza isn't enough anymore," said Andrew Montesano, the North America food programming and operations manager at LinkedIn.

房地产开发商正在建造一种餐厅，这种餐厅功能类似于有补贴的公司食堂，但对公众开放。"免费披萨已经不够吸引人了。"领英北美餐饮运营经理安德鲁·蒙泰萨诺说。

Employees, especially younger ones, are demanding more culturally authentic meals and climate-friendly kitchen protocols, like reducing waste, according to Mr. Bauccio and others in the corporate food service business.

鲍西奥和其他企业餐饮服务行业从业人员表示，员工，尤其是年轻员工，要求更正宗的食物和气候友好型厨房规程，比如减少浪费。

They are eating less meat and questioning labor practices. Health and wellness have become a menu mantra.

他们更少吃肉，并对劳工问题提出质疑。健康已经成为菜单宗旨。

词汇预习

particularly [高考]
美[pərˈtɪkjələrli] | 英[pəˈtɪkjələli]
adv. 特别；尤其；详细地
maintain [高考]
美[meɪnˈteɪn] | 英[meɪnˈteɪn]
vt. 维持；维修；保养；坚持；断言
corporate [高考]
美[ˈkɔːrpərət] | 英[ˈkɔːpərət]
adj. 法人的；公司的；社团的；共同的；全体的
productivity [高考]
美[ˌprɑːdʌkˈtɪvəti] | 英[ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]
n. 生产率；生产力
sunset [高考]
美[ˈsʌnset] | 英[ˈsʌnset]
n. 日落；衰落时期（尤指人的晚年）
generation [高考]
美[ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn] | 英[ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn]
n. 一代（人）；一代人的时间；（产品发展的）代；产生
struggle [高考]
美[ˈstrʌɡl] | 英[ˈstrʌɡl]
vi. 努力；奋斗；斗争；挣扎 n. 斗争；竞争；奋斗
flexible [高考]
美[ˈfleksəbl] | 英[ˈfleksəbl]
adj. 柔韧的；灵活的；易弯曲的；可变通的
agricultural [高考]
美[ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl] | 英[ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl]
adj. 农业的
division [高考]
美[dɪˈvɪʒn] | 英[dɪˈvɪʒn]
n. 划分；除法；部门；分开；师（军队）
recreation [高考]
美[ˌriːkriˈeɪʃn] | 英[ˌriːkriˈeɪʃn]
n. 消遣；娱乐
authentic [高考]
美[ɔːˈθentɪk] | 英[ɔːˈθentɪk]
adj. 真正的；真实的；可信的；可靠的
collar [高考]
美[ˈkɑːlər] | 英[ˈkɒlə(r)]
n. 衣领；项圈；[机]轴环 vt. 抓住；为 ... 戴上项圈；为 ... 上领子
quest [高考]
美[kwest] | 英[kwest]
n. 探索；寻求 v. 寻找；搜索
suburban [高考]
美[səˈbɜːrbən] | 英[səˈbɜːbən]
adj. 市郊的；郊区的
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
excess [四级]
美[ɪkˈses , ˈekses] | 英[ɪkˈses , ˈekses]
n. 超过；过量；过剩 adj. 过量的；额外的
headquarters [四级]
美[ˈhedkwɔːrtərz] | 英[ˌhedˈkwɔːtəz]
n. 总部；司令部；指挥部
pizza [四级]
美[ˈpiːtsə] | 英[ˈpiːtsə]
n. 比萨饼
socialize [四级]
美[ˈsoʊʃəlaɪz] | 英[ˈsəʊʃəlaɪz]
vt. 使 ... 社会化；使 ... 社会主义化；使适应社会需要 vi. 交际
tech [四级]
美[tek] | 英[tek]
n. 技术学校；技术；技术人员
cubicle [四级]
美[ˈkjubɪkəl] | 英[ˈkju:bɪkl]
n. 小室
open to [四级]
美[ˈopən tu] | 英[ˈəupən tu:]
易接受 ... 的
stand in [四级]
美[stænd ɪn] | 英[stænd in]
代替；代表；作替身
born of [四级]
美[bɔrn ʌv] | 英[bɔ:n ɔv]
出身于, 源于
demanding [四级]
美[dɪˈmændɪŋ] | 英[dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ]
adj. 要求多的；吃力的
drastically [四级]
美[ˈdræstɪklɪ] | 英['drɑ:stɪklɪ]
adv. 大幅度地；彻底地
white-collar [六级]
美[ˌwaɪt ˈkɑːlər] | 英[ˌwaɪt ˈkɒlə(r)]
adj. 白领阶层的
slumber [六级]
美[ˈslʌmbɚ] | 英[ˈslʌmbə(r)]
n. 睡眠；微睡；休止状态 v. 睡觉；打盹；静止；休眠
fixture [六级]
美[ˈfɪkstʃər] | 英[ˈfɪkstʃə(r)]
n. 固定物；固定装置；固定成员；【机】夹具
oyster [六级]
美[ˈɔɪstər] | 英[ˈɔɪstə(r)]
n. 牡蛎
lay off [六级]
美[leɪ ɔːf] | 英[leɪ ɒf]
解雇；停止；关闭；休息
lavish [六级]
美[ˈlævɪʃ] | 英[ˈlævɪʃ]
adj. 大方的；丰富的；浪费的 vt. 浪费；慷慨给予
according [专四]
美[ə'kɔrdɪŋ] | 英[ə'kɔːdɪŋ]
adj. 相符的；相应的；一致的 v. 给予；符合，一致；正式协议（accord的现在分词）
works [专八]
美[wəks] | 英[wə:ks]
n. 工厂；修建；机器部件；全套物品
respite [专八]
美[ˈrespɪt] | 英[ˈrespaɪt]
n. 暂缓；缓刑 vt. 延迟；推延
cocktail [考研]
美[ˈkɑːkteɪl] | 英[ˈkɒkteɪl]
n. 鸡尾酒；混合物；开胃品 n. 截短尾巴的马 adj. 鸡尾酒的

重点讲解

The Corporate Cafeteria Is Broken. So How to Feed Workers?

公司食堂行不通了，该怎样解决员工用餐呢？

sprawling adj. 蔓延的；杂乱无序伸展的

【例】a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

【拓展】sprawl v. 伸开四肢坐（或躺）；蔓延；杂乱地拓展

【例】His large handwriting sprawled all over the paper.

他斗大的字迹凌乱地布满纸上。

reinvent v. 重新创造；彻底改造

【例】He was trying to reinvent his own life.

他在努力彻底改造自己的生活。

【拓展】reinvent the wheel 重复发明；做无用功

Even as the sprawling dining halls of old struggle with emptier workplaces, food is still important to employees, particularly the young.

办公楼越来越空，曾经杂乱的大食堂勉强撑持，但餐食对员工，尤其是年轻人而言，依然很重要。

sprawling adj. 蔓延的；杂乱无序伸展的

【例】a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

【拓展】sprawl v. 伸开四肢坐（或躺）；蔓延；杂乱地拓展

【例】His large handwriting sprawled all over the paper.

他斗大的字迹凌乱地布满纸上。

reinvent v. 重新创造；彻底改造

【例】He was trying to reinvent his own life.

他在努力彻底改造自己的生活。

【拓展】reinvent the wheel 重复发明；做无用功

Many companies are reinventing the company meal.

许多公司正在重新设计公司餐食。

sprawling adj. 蔓延的；杂乱无序伸展的

【例】a modern sprawling town 一座杂乱无序拓展的现代城镇

【拓展】sprawl v. 伸开四肢坐（或躺）；蔓延；杂乱地拓展

【例】His large handwriting sprawled all over the paper.

他斗大的字迹凌乱地布满纸上。

reinvent v. 重新创造；彻底改造

【例】He was trying to reinvent his own life.

他在努力彻底改造自己的生活。

【拓展】reinvent the wheel 重复发明；做无用功

The corporate cafeteria can be an especially lonely place these days.

这段时间，公司食堂可能是一个格外冷清的地方。

stand in line 排队

【例】I always peer at other people's shopping carts as we stand in line.

排队的时候我喜欢瞅瞅别人的购物筐里有些什么。

【搭配】wait/cut in line 排队/插队

【拓展】queue up for sth 排队等候某物

"You used to walk in at 12 o'clock on a Tuesday and stand in line to get something," said Casey Allen, 46, who works for a division of the agricultural chemical company BASF in Raleigh, N.C. "Now, you walk in and you're usually first in line."

"以前你在周二中午12点走进食堂，要排队才能取餐，"46岁的凯西·艾伦说，她在北卡罗来纳州罗利市的农业化学品公司BASF的一个部门工作。"现在你走进食堂，一般是第一个排队的。"

stand in line 排队

【例】I always peer at other people's shopping carts as we stand in line.

排队的时候我喜欢瞅瞅别人的购物筐里有些什么。

【搭配】wait/cut in line 排队/插队

【拓展】queue up for sth 排队等候某物

A paternalistic fixture of white-collar life born of the Industrial Revolution, the office dining room survived the midcentury move to sprawling suburban office parks.

公司食堂于工业革命时期诞生，是白领生活中的家长主义固定设施，二十世纪中叶公司搬往不断扩张的城郊办公园区，公司食堂被保留下来。

paternalistic adj. 家长主义的；家长作风的

【例】a paternalistic employer 家长式雇主

fixture n. 固定设施

【例】The price of the house includes fixtures and fittings.

房屋价格包括固定装置和附加设备。

【近义词】installation/amenity 安装的设备/生活设施

weather v. 经受住，平安地渡过（困难）

【例】The company just managed to weather the recession.

这家公司勉强渡过了衰退期。

lavish adj. 大量的；过分丰富的

【例】They lived a very lavish lifestyle.

他们过着挥霍无度的生活。

【近义词】luxurious adj. 奢侈的；豪华的；丰盛的

【拓展】lavish sth on... 过分给予；滥施

【例】The old lady lavished money on her pet dog.

那位老夫人在她的宠物狗身上花了很多钱。

It weathered the rise and fall of cubicle culture and power lunches, and more recently, the lavish excess of the Silicon Valley office lunch.

随后它经受住了格子间文化和商业午餐会的兴衰，以及最近硅谷豪华丰盛的工作午餐的考验。

paternalistic adj. 家长主义的；家长作风的

【例】a paternalistic employer 家长式雇主

fixture n. 固定设施

【例】The price of the house includes fixtures and fittings.

房屋价格包括固定装置和附加设备。

【近义词】installation/amenity 安装的设备/生活设施

weather v. 经受住，平安地渡过（困难）

【例】The company just managed to weather the recession.

这家公司勉强渡过了衰退期。

lavish adj. 大量的；过分丰富的

【例】They lived a very lavish lifestyle.

他们过着挥霍无度的生活。

【近义词】luxurious adj. 奢侈的；豪华的；丰盛的

【拓展】lavish sth on... 过分给予；滥施

【例】The old lady lavished money on her pet dog.

那位老夫人在她的宠物狗身上花了很多钱。

But as the American office emerges from its pandemic slumber, can the cafeteria survive layoffs, a workweek that sometimes requires only a few days in the mother ship and a new, more demanding generation of employees?

但是，随着美国办公室从大流行的沉睡中走出来，食堂还能挺过裁员、有时只需坐班几天的工作周，以及更为挑剔的新一代员工吗？

emerge v.

1. （从隐蔽处或暗处）出现，浮现，露出

【例】The swimmer emerged from the lake.

游泳的人从湖水中浮出来。

2. 露头；显现；显露

【例】the emerging markets of South Asia 正在兴起的南亚市场

3. （从困境或苦难经历中）幸存下来，摆脱出来

【例】She emerged from the scandal with her reputation intact.

她在丑闻中安然无恙，名声丝毫未受影响。

demanding adj.

1. （工作）要求高的；费力的

【例】The work is physically demanding.

这工作需要有很好的体力。

2. （人）要求严的；苛刻的

【例】a demanding boss 苛刻的老板

即使是在像Meta这样的公司，员工们为了尽早下班，也都放弃了免费餐食。Meta在本月宣布，将在加州门洛帕克市总部裁减126名食堂员工。

quest n. 探索，寻找，追求

【例】the quest for happiness/knowledge/truth 对幸福/知识/真理的追求

【拓展】in an effort to 为了

【例】The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.

公司为节省资金遣散了 150 名工人。

"传统大食堂的世界已经死去了。"费德勒·鲍西奥说。他在1987年与人共同创立了"好胃口"管理公司，为数百家博物馆、大学和领英等公司提供餐饮服务。"食堂的维护成本太高，而且不够灵活。"

quest n. 探索，寻找，追求

【例】the quest for happiness/knowledge/truth 对幸福/知识/真理的追求

【拓展】in an effort to 为了

【例】The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.

公司为节省资金遣散了 150 名工人。

Still, office workers need to eat. So companies are blowing up the cafeteria.

尽管如此，上班族还是需要吃饭。于是公司开始吹嘘食堂。

blow up 夸大；夸张

【例】The advertisers are blowing up their products.

广告商大肆吹嘘他们的产品。

respite n.

1. 暂停；暂缓

【例】The drug brought a brief respite from the pain.

药物暂时缓解了疼痛。

2. 喘息时间；工作暂停

【例】work without respite 马不停蹄地工作

Long regarded as a way to encourage productivity, cafeterias are being reframed as respite and recreation, designed to attract younger workers in a job market badly in need of them.

长期以来，食堂一直被认为是提高工作效率的一种方式，现在却被改造成了一种休息和娱乐方式，目的是吸引就业市场急需的年轻员工。

blow up 夸大；夸张

【例】The advertisers are blowing up their products.

广告商大肆吹嘘他们的产品。

respite n.

1. 暂停；暂缓

【例】The drug brought a brief respite from the pain.

药物暂时缓解了疼痛。

2. 喘息时间；工作暂停

【例】work without respite 马不停蹄地工作

Some companies are installing cocktail bars, or hosting sunset oyster-shucking parties to help employees relax and socialize after work.

一些公司在布置鸡尾酒吧，或者举办落日牡蛎派对，以帮助员工在下班后放松和社交。

install v.

1. 安装；设置

【例】He's getting a phone installed tomorrow.

他明天要找人装一部电话。

2. （以正式仪式）使就职，任命

【例】He was installed as President last May.

他于去年五月份正式就任总统。

3. 安顿；安置

【例】We installed ourselves in the front row.

我们舒舒服服地坐进了前排。

homey adj. 在家一样舒适的；家常的；朴实的

【例】a homey hotel/cooking 温馨的旅馆/家常菜

【同义词】homely adj. 像家一样温馨的；家常的

The large dining halls at tech giants are being divided into smaller, more homey spaces flexible enough to feed a work force whose size changes drastically day to day.

科技巨头的大型餐厅被分成了更小、更温馨的空间，足够灵活地为规模每天都不断变化的员工提供餐食。

install v.

1. 安装；设置

【例】He's getting a phone installed tomorrow.

他明天要找人装一部电话。

2. （以正式仪式）使就职，任命

【例】He was installed as President last May.

他于去年五月份正式就任总统。

3. 安顿；安置

【例】We installed ourselves in the front row.

我们舒舒服服地坐进了前排。

homey adj. 在家一样舒适的；家常的；朴实的

【例】a homey hotel/cooking 温馨的旅馆/家常菜

【同义词】homely adj. 像家一样温馨的；家常的

Developers are building restaurants that function like subsidized corporate cafeterias but are open to the public. "Free pizza isn't enough anymore," said Andrew Montesano, the North America food programming and operations manager at LinkedIn.

房地产开发商正在建造一种餐厅，这种餐厅功能类似于有补贴的公司食堂，但对公众开放。"免费披萨已经不够吸引人了。"领英北美餐饮运营经理安德鲁·蒙泰萨诺说。

function n. & v.

1. 作名词：作用；功能

【例】to fulfil/perform a function 发挥功能

2. 作动词：起作用；正常工作

【例】Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.

尽管供电中断，医院继续照常运作。

【搭配】function as 起……作用；具有……功能

【例】The sofa also functions as a bed.

这沙发还可当床用。

【拓展】dysfunction n. （身体）功能障碍；（社会关系）失衡

mantra n. 念咒语的声音

【例】My mantra while packing was that every piece of gear had to be multi-functional in order to maximize space.

我收拾行李的时候，时刻要记住的就是每个东西都要是多功能的，从而最大化利用空间。

鲍西奥和其他企业餐饮服务行业从业人员表示，员工，尤其是年轻员工，要求更正宗的食物和气候友好型厨房规程，比如减少浪费。

function n. & v.

1. 作名词：作用；功能

【例】to fulfil/perform a function 发挥功能

2. 作动词：起作用；正常工作

【例】Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.

尽管供电中断，医院继续照常运作。

【搭配】function as 起……作用；具有……功能

【例】The sofa also functions as a bed.

这沙发还可当床用。

【拓展】dysfunction n. （身体）功能障碍；（社会关系）失衡

mantra n. 念咒语的声音

【例】My mantra while packing was that every piece of gear had to be multi-functional in order to maximize space.

我收拾行李的时候，时刻要记住的就是每个东西都要是多功能的，从而最大化利用空间。

They are eating less meat and questioning labor practices. Health and wellness have become a menu mantra.

他们更少吃肉，并对劳工问题提出质疑。健康已经成为菜单宗旨。

function n. & v.

1. 作名词：作用；功能

【例】to fulfil/perform a function 发挥功能

2. 作动词：起作用；正常工作

【例】Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.

尽管供电中断，医院继续照常运作。

【搭配】function as 起……作用；具有……功能

【例】The sofa also functions as a bed.

这沙发还可当床用。

【拓展】dysfunction n. （身体）功能障碍；（社会关系）失衡

mantra n. 念咒语的声音

【例】My mantra while packing was that every piece of gear had to be multi-functional in order to maximize space.

我收拾行李的时候，时刻要记住的就是每个东西都要是多功能的，从而最大化利用空间。

课后练习

What can be learned about the corporate cafeteria?
A. It has the disadvantage of small capacity.
B. It was the product of suburban office parks.
C. It helped to maintain the modern cubicle culture.
D. It needs to adapt to new realities in workplaces.
The example of the cafeteria of Meta shows that ____.
A. most companies cannot afford the cost of a cafeteria
B. it is not popular with employees due to its poor food
C. the number of diners in the cafeteria is shrinking
D. it serves as a means of prolonging working hours
In order to attract younger workers, cafeterias ____.
A. put more emphasis on efficiency and fast service
B. are integrated into team building programs
C. function as a place for leisure and relaxation
D. are expanding to feed a larger number of employees
According to Mr. Bauccio, younger employees ____.
A. demand more benefits than free meals
B. care about the bigger issues involving food
C. prefer more diverse and exotic dishes
D. value service and settings more than food