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职业成功的秘诀很可能是横着走
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关于职业成功的传统语言只有一个方向：向上。你要么去攀登职业阶梯，要么去爬油腻的柱子。
双语精读
The crab-like career: The secret to professional success may well be off to the side.
螃蟹型职业路线：职业成功的秘诀很可能是横着走。
The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up. You scale the career ladder or climb the greasy pole.
关于职业成功的传统语言只有一个方向：向上。你要么去攀登职业阶梯，要么去爬油腻的柱子。
If you do well, you have a rapid ascent. And if you really succeed, you reach the top.
如果你做得好，就会快速晋升。如果你真的成功了，就会到达顶峰。
No one ever rings home to share the news that they have reached a plateau. But there is another type of career trajectory.
从来没有人打电话回家，分享他们已经达到瓶颈期的消息。但还有另一种职业轨迹。
Sideways moves, to jobs that don't involve a promotion or even necessarily a pay rise, can be a boon to employees and organisations alike.
横向跳槽，即跳槽到不会升职，甚至不一定会涨薪的工作，对员工和组织都可能有益。
A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral career opportunities has a marked impact on employee retention.
麻省理工学院的唐纳德·苏尔及其合著者在2021年进行的一项研究发现，横向职业机会的可获得性对员工留任有显著影响。
Their research found that chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay as a predictor of workers' willingness to stay at a firm.
他们的研究发现，作为预测员工是否愿意留在公司的指标，横向跳槽机会的重要性是薪酬的2.5倍。
Another paper, by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cornell University, concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organisations: employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not.
南佛罗里达大学的金欣（音译）和康奈尔大学的迈克尔·沃尔德曼的另一篇论文得出结论，横向跳槽不仅有利于组织：经历过横向跳槽的员工比没有经历过的员工更有可能在职业生涯后期获得晋升，并享受更高的工资增长。
You can move up by first moving sideways.
要想往上走，可以先横着走。
Lateral moves and good management seem to go hand in hand.
横向跳槽和良好的管理似乎是齐头并进的。
A recent paper by Virginia Minni of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a British think-tank, looked at job moves within a big multinational over a period of ten years.
英国智库"财政研究"的弗吉尼亚·明尼最近发表的一篇论文研究了一家大型跨国公司内部在十年内的工作变动情况。
She found that the arrival of a high-flying boss (who had got the job early in their career) was associated with a jump in intra-company transfers, both horizontal and vertical, among employees.
她发现，一位事业成功的老板(即在职业生涯早期就成了老板)的到来与员工在公司内部工作调动的猛增有关，既包括横向调动，也包括纵向调动。
Better bosses seem to be good at sorting people into roles that suit them.
更好的老板似乎擅长为员工分配适合他们的角色。
This process again results in higher pay over time for employees who move sideways; it is also associated with higher profits.
随着时间的推移，这一过程再次使得横向跳槽的员工获得更高的薪酬，这也与更高的利润相关。
Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude. Lots of managers like to hoard talent, at the expense of workers and firms.
拥抱横向跳槽也需要正确的态度。许多经理喜欢囤积人才，而牺牲了员工和公司的利益。
And moving horizontally still has less cachet than moving upwards.
而且，横向跳槽仍然没有向上晋升那么让人有面子。
It would help if career success had a different vocabulary: across or out, say, or the meteoric scuttle.
如果用来描述职业成功的语言有不同的词语，那将会有所帮助：比如横向或向外，再或者流星雨般地四处乱窜。
词汇预习
impact [高考]
美[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt] | 英[ˈɪmpækt , ɪmˈpækt]
n. 影响；冲击力；撞击 vt. 挤入；压紧；撞击；对 ... 发生影响 vi. 冲击；撞击；产生影响
scale [高考]
美[skeɪl] | 英[skeɪl]
n. 等级，规模；刻度；音阶；量程；天枰 v. 攀登；到达…顶点；去鳞
promotion [高考]
美[prəˈmoʊʃn] | 英[prəˈməʊʃn]
n. 提升；促进；晋升；促销
willingness [高考]
美[ˈwɪlɪŋnɪs] | 英['wɪlɪŋnəs]
n. 乐意；愿意
availability [高考]
美[əˌveɪlə'bɪləti] | 英[əˌveɪlə'bɪləti]
n. 有效；有用；有益；可得到的人(或物)；可用性
within [高考]
美[wɪˈðɪn] | 英[wɪˈðɪn]
prep. 在(某段时间、距离或范围)内；在…里面 adv. 在…里面 n. 内部
growth [高考]
美[ɡroʊθ] | 英[ɡrəʊθ]
n. 【U】增长；生长；发展；种植 n. 【C】生长物；【医】瘤;赘生物
arrival [高考]
美[əˈraɪvl] | 英[əˈraɪvl]
n. 到达；达到；到达者；新生儿
alike [高考]
美[əˈlaɪk] | 英[əˈlaɪk]
adj. 相似的；同样的 adv. 一样；以同样的方式
expense [高考]
美[ɪkˈspens] | 英[ɪkˈspens]
n. 费用；花费；代价
wage [高考]
美[weɪdʒ] | 英[weɪdʒ]
n. 工资；报酬 v. 开展；从事；进行(战争、运动)
conventional [高考]
美[kənˈvenʃənl] | 英[kənˈvenʃənl]
adj. 传统的；惯例的；常规的
vertical [高考]
美[ˈvɜːrtɪkl] | 英[ˈvɜːtɪkl]
adj. 垂直的；纵向的；顶点的 n. 垂直物；垂直的位置
tank [高考]
美[tæŋk] | 英[tæŋk]
n. 箱；罐；槽；贮水池；坦克 vt. 把 ... 储于槽中
sideways [高考]
美[ˈsaɪdweɪz] | 英[ˈsaɪdweɪz]
adv. 向旁边；斜着地；向侧面地 adj. 旁边的；斜着；向侧面的
in hand [高考]
美[ɪn hænd] | 英[ɪn hænd]
在手中； 在进行中
impact on [高考]
美[ˈɪmˌpækt ɑn] | 英[ˈimpækt ɔn]
对 ... 产生影响
horizontal [高考]
美[ˌhɔːrɪˈzɑːntl] | 英[ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl]
adj. 水平的；横的 n. 水平线；水平面
plateau [高考]
美[plæˈtoʊ] | 英[ˈplætəʊ]
n. 高原；平稳；稳定状态 vi. 到达平稳阶段
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
necessarily [四级]
美[ˌnesəˈserəli] | 英[ˌnesəˈserəli]
adv. 必然地；必定地；必需地
multinational [四级]
美[mʌltiˈnæʃənəl] | 英[mʌltiˈnæʃənəl]
adj. 多国的；多种国籍的 n. 跨国公司
good at [四级]
美[ɡʊd æt] | 英[ɡʊd æt]
善于； 擅长
at the expense of [四级]
美[æt ði ɪkˈspɛns ʌv] | 英[æt ðə iksˈpens ɔv]
以 ... 作为代价
experienced [四级]
美[ɪkˈspɪriənst] | 英[ɪkˈspɪəriənst]
adj. 有经验的
crab [六级]
美[kræb] | 英[kræb]
n. 蟹；阴虱；爱争吵的人；[植]山楂子 v. 捕蟹；使横行；批评；抱怨
predictor [专四]
美[prɪˈdɪktər] | 英[prɪˈdɪktə(r)]
n. 预言者
hoard [专八]
美[hɔrd] | 英[hɔ:d]
n. 贮藏 v. 贮藏；储存
boon [专八]
美[buːn] | 英[buːn]
n. 恩惠；所感激的事 adj. 合得来的
scuttle [专八]
美[ˈskʌtl] | 英[ˈskʌtl]
n. 煤斗；天窗 v. 凿沉；急走；快跑
ascent [专八]
美[əˈsent] | 英[əˈsent]
n. 上升；上坡路；晋升；提升
lateral [专八]
美[ˈlætərəl] | 英[ˈlætərəl]
adj. 侧面的；横向的；旁边的 n. 侧面；[语]侧音 vi. 完成横向穿越
retention [考研]
美[rɪˈtenʃn] | 英[rɪˈtenʃn]
n. 保留物；保存；保持(力)；记忆力
hand in hand [考研]
美[hænd ɪn hænd] | 英[hænd ɪn hænd]
手拉手地； 联合起来； 相随
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上
marked [托福]
美[mɑːrkt] | 英[mɑːkt]
adj. 有记号的；显著的；受监视的 v. 弄污；打分；留意；做标记（动词mark的过去式和过去分词）
重点讲解
The crab-like career: The secret to professional success may well be off to the side.
螃蟹型职业路线：职业成功的秘诀很可能是横着走。
may/might/could well 可能，或许
【例】What you say may well be true.
你说的或许是真的。
scale n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）规模，程度
【例】There has been housing development on a massive scale since 1980.
自1980年以来一直在大规模地进行住宅开发。
（2）等级；级别
【例】to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10 按 1 到 10 级来评估业绩
（3）刻度；秤；比例
【例】a map with a scale of 1:250,000 比例尺为1比250,000的地图
2. 作动词
（1）攀登；到达…顶点
【例】He has scaled the heights of his profession.
他登上了他事业的顶峰。
（2）改变（文字、图片）的尺寸大小，缩放
【例】The writing can be scaled to any size, depending on the paper.
文字可缩放到任何尺寸，视纸张的大小而定。
the greasy pole 涂油杆（到达专业之巅的艰难道路）；险峻的职业阶梯
【例】Few business and political leaders climb the greasy pole without having confidence.
那些艰难往上攀登的商人和政治领袖中，很少有人是没有自信的。
The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction: up. You scale the career ladder or climb the greasy pole.
关于职业成功的传统语言只有一个方向：向上。你要么去攀登职业阶梯，要么去爬油腻的柱子。
may/might/could well 可能，或许
【例】What you say may well be true.
你说的或许是真的。
scale n. & v.
1. 作名词
（1）规模，程度
【例】There has been housing development on a massive scale since 1980.
自1980年以来一直在大规模地进行住宅开发。
（2）等级；级别
【例】to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10 按 1 到 10 级来评估业绩
（3）刻度；秤；比例
【例】a map with a scale of 1:250,000 比例尺为1比250,000的地图
2. 作动词
（1）攀登；到达…顶点
【例】He has scaled the heights of his profession.
他登上了他事业的顶峰。
（2）改变（文字、图片）的尺寸大小，缩放
【例】The writing can be scaled to any size, depending on the paper.
文字可缩放到任何尺寸，视纸张的大小而定。
the greasy pole 涂油杆（到达专业之巅的艰难道路）；险峻的职业阶梯
【例】Few business and political leaders climb the greasy pole without having confidence.
那些艰难往上攀登的商人和政治领袖中，很少有人是没有自信的。
If you do well, you have a rapid ascent. And if you really succeed, you reach the top.
如果你做得好，就会快速晋升。如果你真的成功了，就会到达顶峰。
plateau n. & v.
1. 作名词：高原；平稳时期，（增长后的）稳定期
【例】Inflation rates have reached a plateau.
通货膨胀率已趋平稳。
2. 作动词：（在一段时期的发展后）达到稳定时期，处于停滞状态
【例】The athletic footwear market has not yet plateaued.
运动鞋市场还未达到饱和。
No one ever rings home to share the news that they have reached a plateau. But there is another type of career trajectory.
从来没有人打电话回家，分享他们已经达到瓶颈期的消息。但还有另一种职业轨迹。
plateau n. & v.
1. 作名词：高原；平稳时期，（增长后的）稳定期
【例】Inflation rates have reached a plateau.
通货膨胀率已趋平稳。
2. 作动词：（在一段时期的发展后）达到稳定时期，处于停滞状态
【例】The athletic footwear market has not yet plateaued.
运动鞋市场还未达到饱和。
Sideways moves, to jobs that don't involve a promotion or even necessarily a pay rise, can be a boon to employees and organisations alike.
横向跳槽，即跳槽到不会升职，甚至不一定会涨薪的工作，对员工和组织都可能有益。
plateau n. & v.
1. 作名词：高原；平稳时期，（增长后的）稳定期
【例】Inflation rates have reached a plateau.
通货膨胀率已趋平稳。
2. 作动词：（在一段时期的发展后）达到稳定时期，处于停滞状态
【例】The athletic footwear market has not yet plateaued.
运动鞋市场还未达到饱和。
A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral career opportunities has a marked impact on employee retention.
麻省理工学院的唐纳德·苏尔及其合著者在2021年进行的一项研究发现，横向职业机会的可获得性对员工留任有显著影响。
availability n. 可得性；有效
【例】the availability of cheap flights 有廉价机票出售
【拓展】available a.
1. 可获得的；可购得的
【例】Tickets are available free of charge from the school.
学校有免费票。
2. （人）有空的
【例】Will she be available this afternoon?
今天下午她有空吗？
retention n.
1. 保持，保留
【例】The company needs to improve its training and retention of staff.
公司需要改进对员工的培训和留用工作。
2. 记忆力
【例】I have a real problem with retention of information.
我的记忆力大有问题。
【拓展】retain v.
1. 保留，保有
【例】He struggled to retain control of the situation.
他曾努力保持对局势的控制。
2. 记住；保存，储存
【例】A lot of information can be retained in your computer.
电脑可以储存很多信息。
3. 聘请（律师等）
【例】He has retained a lawyer to challenge the court’s decision.
他聘请了一名律师质疑法庭的判决。
Their research found that chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay as a predictor of workers' willingness to stay at a firm.
他们的研究发现，作为预测员工是否愿意留在公司的指标，横向跳槽机会的重要性是薪酬的2.5倍。
availability n. 可得性；有效
【例】the availability of cheap flights 有廉价机票出售
【拓展】available a.
1. 可获得的；可购得的
【例】Tickets are available free of charge from the school.
学校有免费票。
2. （人）有空的
【例】Will she be available this afternoon?
今天下午她有空吗？
retention n.
1. 保持，保留
【例】The company needs to improve its training and retention of staff.
公司需要改进对员工的培训和留用工作。
2. 记忆力
【例】I have a real problem with retention of information.
我的记忆力大有问题。
【拓展】retain v.
1. 保留，保有
【例】He struggled to retain control of the situation.
他曾努力保持对局势的控制。
2. 记住；保存，储存
【例】A lot of information can be retained in your computer.
电脑可以储存很多信息。
3. 聘请（律师等）
【例】He has retained a lawyer to challenge the court’s decision.
他聘请了一名律师质疑法庭的判决。
Another paper,**** by**** Xin Jin of**** the University**** of**** South Florida and Michael Waldman of**** Cornell University****,**** concluded that**** lateral moves did not just**** benefit organisations:**** employees who experienced them**** were**** more**** likely**** to**** be**** promoted**** and to**** enjoy higher**** wage**** growth**** later in**** their careers than**** employees who did not.****
南佛罗里达大学的金欣（音译）和康奈尔大学的迈克尔·沃尔德曼的另一篇论文得出结论，横向跳槽不仅有利于组织：经历过横向跳槽的员工比没有经历过的员工更有可能在职业生涯后期获得晋升，并享受更高的工资增长。
You can move**** up**** by**** first moving**** sideways****.****
要想往上走，可以先横着走。
Lateral moves and good management seem to go hand in hand.
横向跳槽和良好的管理似乎是齐头并进的。
hand in hand
1. 手拉手
【例】They walked hand in hand in silence up the path.
他们手拉手，默默地沿着小路走去。
2. 密切关联
【例】Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand.
贫困和健康不良常有连带关系。
A recent paper by Virginia Minni of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a British think-tank, looked at job moves within a big multinational over a period of ten years.
英国智库"财政研究"的弗吉尼亚·明尼最近发表的一篇论文研究了一家大型跨国公司内部在十年内的工作变动情况。
hand in hand
1. 手拉手
【例】They walked hand in hand in silence up the path.
他们手拉手，默默地沿着小路走去。
2. 密切关联
【例】Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand.
贫困和健康不良常有连带关系。
She found that the arrival of a high-flying boss (who had got the job early in their career) was associated with a jump in intra-company transfers, both horizontal and vertical, among employees.
她发现，一位事业成功的老板(即在职业生涯早期就成了老板)的到来与员工在公司内部工作调动的猛增有关，既包括横向调动，也包括纵向调动。
high-flying a. 十分成功的
【例】a high-flying career woman 事业成功的职业女性
【拓展】high-flier/high flyer n. （事业或学业上）极有成就的人
【例】academic high-flyers 有学术抱负的人
sort n. & v.
1.作名词：种类；类别
【例】What sort of music do you like?
你喜欢哪一类音乐？
【搭配】sort of 有点；好像
【例】I sort of like him, but I don’t know why.
我有点喜欢他，但不知道为什么。
【搭配】of sorts 勉强算的，凑合的
【例】He offered us an apology of sorts.
他给我们勉强道了个歉。
2. 作动词
（1）整理；把…分类
【例】The computer sorts the words into alphabetical order.
计算机按字母顺序排列这些单词。
（2）妥善处理；安排妥当
【例】I'm really busy—can you sort it?
我真的很忙，你能处理一下吗？
Better bosses seem to be good at sorting people into roles that suit them.
更好的老板似乎擅长为员工分配适合他们的角色。
high-flying a. 十分成功的
【例】a high-flying career woman 事业成功的职业女性
【拓展】high-flier/high flyer n. （事业或学业上）极有成就的人
【例】academic high-flyers 有学术抱负的人
sort n. & v.
1.作名词：种类；类别
【例】What sort of music do you like?
你喜欢哪一类音乐？
【搭配】sort of 有点；好像
【例】I sort of like him, but I don’t know why.
我有点喜欢他，但不知道为什么。
【搭配】of sorts 勉强算的，凑合的
【例】He offered us an apology of sorts.
他给我们勉强道了个歉。
2. 作动词
（1）整理；把…分类
【例】The computer sorts the words into alphabetical order.
计算机按字母顺序排列这些单词。
（2）妥善处理；安排妥当
【例】I'm really busy—can you sort it?
我真的很忙，你能处理一下吗？
This process again results in higher pay over time for employees who move sideways; it is also associated with higher profits.
随着时间的推移，这一过程再次使得横向跳槽的员工获得更高的薪酬，这也与更高的利润相关。
high-flying a. 十分成功的
【例】a high-flying career woman 事业成功的职业女性
【拓展】high-flier/high flyer n. （事业或学业上）极有成就的人
【例】academic high-flyers 有学术抱负的人
sort n. & v.
1.作名词：种类；类别
【例】What sort of music do you like?
你喜欢哪一类音乐？
【搭配】sort of 有点；好像
【例】I sort of like him, but I don’t know why.
我有点喜欢他，但不知道为什么。
【搭配】of sorts 勉强算的，凑合的
【例】He offered us an apology of sorts.
他给我们勉强道了个歉。
2. 作动词
（1）整理；把…分类
【例】The computer sorts the words into alphabetical order.
计算机按字母顺序排列这些单词。
（2）妥善处理；安排妥当
【例】I'm really busy—can you sort it?
我真的很忙，你能处理一下吗？
Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude. Lots of managers like to hoard talent, at the expense of workers and firms.
拥抱横向跳槽也需要正确的态度。许多经理喜欢囤积人才，而牺牲了员工和公司的利益。
at the expense of 牺牲（或损害）…为代价
【例】He built up the business at the expense of his health.
他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业
【拓展】at sb's expense 由某人付钱；由某人负担费用
【例】We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense.
公司出钱请我们外出就餐。
And moving horizontally still has less cachet than moving upwards.
而且，横向跳槽仍然没有向上晋升那么让人有面子。
at the expense of 牺牲（或损害）…为代价
【例】He built up the business at the expense of his health.
他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业
【拓展】at sb's expense 由某人付钱；由某人负担费用
【例】We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense.
公司出钱请我们外出就餐。
It would help if career success had a different vocabulary: across or out, say, or the meteoric scuttle.
如果用来描述职业成功的语言有不同的词语，那将会有所帮助：比如横向或向外，再或者流星雨般地四处乱窜。
at the expense of 牺牲（或损害）…为代价
【例】He built up the business at the expense of his health.
他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业
【拓展】at sb's expense 由某人付钱；由某人负担费用
【例】We were taken out for a meal at the company's expense.
公司出钱请我们外出就餐。
课后练习
What is the new type of career trajectory mentioned in the text?
A. Staying at the top.
B. Declining in position.
C. Getting promoted rapidly.
D. Moving to jobs of equal rank.
How do sideways moves benefit organizations?
A. They help retain employees.
B. They reduce overall wages.
C. They enhance the skills of the staff.
D. They allow workers to enjoy better pay.
According to Virginia Minni's research, lateral moves result in ____.
A. intensified competition among workers
B. better management of employees
C. more promotions for the boss
D. reduced employee turnover
What attitude is required to embrace sideways movement?
A. A desire to hoard talent.
B. A disregard for career success.
C. A focus on vertical promotions.
D. An acceptance of horizontal moves.