害怕演讲？演员教你一些小窍门

20世纪70年代一项被广泛报道的调查声称，美国人对公众演讲的恐惧甚至超过了死亡。

双语精读

The secrets of public speaking

公众演讲的秘密

People who enjoy public speaking are luckier than they realise. A much-publicised survey from the 1970s claimed that Americans feared it more than death.

喜欢公众演讲的人没有意识到他们有多么幸运。20世纪70年代一项被广泛报道的调查声称，美国人对公众演讲的恐惧甚至超过了死亡。

There is plenty of homespun advice out there for glossophobes. Just be yourself (which ignores the fact that the "real you" would rather be dead than give a presentation).

对于害怕演讲的人有很多朴实的建议。做你自己就好（这条建议没意识到“真实的你自己”宁愿死也不愿演讲）。

Imagine that your audience is in their underwear (for reasons that are totally unclear). Speak on things you properly understand (when getting ahead in many jobs requires precisely the opposite).

想象你的观众都穿着内衣（完全不知道为什么要这样想）。谈论你真正懂的事情（而要想在许多工作中领先其他人，恰恰需要相反的做法）。

A better source of advice comes from a profession that really knows how to pretend and perform: acting. "Don't Say Um", a recent book by Michael Chad Hoeppner, offers presenting tips from an actor-turned-coach.

更好的建议来自一个真正懂得如何伪装和表演的职业：演戏。迈克尔·查德·霍普纳是从演员转型为演讲教练，他的新书《别说"嗯"》分享了演讲窍门。

The advice of professional performers can be condensed into three main messages. First, presenting is a deeply physical activity. Kate Walker Miles, one of the RADA Business coaches, warns against standing with legs locked straight; a slight bend in the knees makes for greater stability.

专业表演者的建议可归纳为三个要点。首先，演讲是一项高度依赖肢体的活动。凯特·沃克·迈尔斯是英国皇家戏剧艺术学院商务培训中心的教练之一，她提醒人们不要双腿笔直、僵硬地站立，膝盖略微弯曲能让你站得更稳。

She emphasises the importance of vowel sounds in communicating emotion, which means opening the jaw more widely than you might naturally tend to. Her warm-up exercises include some fairly ferocious massaging of the masseter muscles-think Edvard Munch and you get the idea-and some theatrical yawning.

她强调在传达情感时元音很重要，即要比自然状态下更大幅度地张开下颌。她的热身运动包括相当用力地按摩咬肌——想想爱德华·蒙克的名画《呐喊》就明白了——以及一些夸张的打哈欠动作。

Second, it helps to slow down the pace of delivery-to allow for pauses, to not rush to fill silences with "ers", "ums" and other verbal detritus. Mr Hoeppner recommends a useful technique called finger-walking, whereby you walk your index and middle fingers across the table as you speak, and only take a "step" when you know what the next word or point is going to be.

第二，放慢说话的节奏是有帮助的——允许停顿，不要急着用“呃”“嗯”等话佐料来填补沉默。霍普纳推荐了一种名为“手指走路”的实用技巧，就是在说话时用食指和中指在桌面上行走，只有在确定下一个词或要点是什么时才用手指“迈出一步”。

Even doing it once is an interesting exercise: by forcing you to take time choosing your words, those filler noises start to disappear and language becomes more precise.

这个练习哪怕只做一次也很有趣：它迫使你花时间斟酌用词，那些无意义的语气词就会开始消失，语言也会变得更精准。

Third, don't focus on yourself. Too often speakers concentrate on how they are doing-how many minutes to go? have I gone bright red?-and not on the experience of their audience.

第三，不要关注自己。演讲者总是关注自己的表现——还剩几分钟？我的脸是不是变得通红？——而没有关注观众的体验。

To help evoke the right emotion, actors have a technique called "actioning", in which they assign a transitive verb ("pacify", "bait", "entice", "repel") to their lines in order to clarify a character's goal.

为了帮助唤起正确的情绪，演员有一种名为“动作化”的技巧，他们会在台词中使用一个及物动词（“使平静”“引诱”“诱惑”“使厌恶”），从而清楚说明人物的目的是什么。

The emotional range of a quarterly update may not match "King Lear", but executives should still work out what they want an audience to feel.

宣讲季度最新情况时的情绪范围当然没有表演《李尔王》时那么广，但是进行演讲的高管依然需要弄清楚他们想让观众感受到什么情绪。

词汇预习

source [高考]
美[sɔːrs] | 英[sɔːs]
n. 来源；发源地；原始资料
v. 从...获得
emotional [高考]
美[ɪˈmoʊʃənl] | 英[ɪˈməʊʃənl]
adj. 感情的；情绪的
fairly [高考]
美[ˈferli] | 英[ˈfeəli]
adv. 公正地；相当地
assign [高考]
美[əˈsaɪn] | 英[əˈsaɪn]
vt. 分配；指定；指派；归因；确定
n. 受让人
precisely [高考]
美[prɪˈsaɪsli] | 英[prɪˈsaɪsli]
adv. 精确地
unclear [高考]
美[ˌʌnˈklɪr] | 英[ˌʌnˈklɪə(r)]
adj. 不清楚的；含混的
bait [高考]
美[beɪt] | 英[beɪt]
n. 饵；引诱
v. 以饵引诱；逗弄；中途休息
verbal [高考]
美[ˈvɜːrbl] | 英[ˈvɜːbl]
adj. 口头的；用言语的；用文字的；逐字的；动词的
n. 动名词
stability [高考]
美[stəˈbɪləti] | 英[stəˈbɪləti]
n. 稳定性；居于修道院
range [高考]
美[reɪndʒ] | 英[reɪndʒ]
n.范围; 射程; 类别; （山脉，房屋等的）排列
vi.搜索; 变化; 延伸; 漫游
vt.排列; （按一定位置或顺序）排序; 把…分类; 徘徊
adj.牧场的，放牧区的
technique [高考]
美[tekˈniːk] | 英[tekˈniːk]
n. 技术；技巧；技能
pace [高考]
美[peɪs] | 英[peɪs]
n. 速度；步伐；(一)步
v. 踱步；(用步)测；(马)溜蹄走
prep. 用在人名前(礼貌的表达不同意见)
update [高考]
美[ˌʌpˈdeɪt , ˈʌpdeɪt] | 英[ˌʌpˈdeɪt , ˈʌpdeɪt]
v. 更新；升级
n. 更新
bend [高考]
美[bend] | 英[bend]
v. 弯曲；使弯曲；屈服；屈从；集中于
n. 弯曲；弯道
presentation [高考]
美[ˌpriːzenˈteɪʃn] | 英[ˌpreznˈteɪʃn]
n. 介绍；陈述；赠送物；报告；[美]讲课
profession [高考]
美[prəˈfeʃn] | 英[prəˈfeʃn]
n. 职业；声明；行业；信仰
realise [高考]
美['rɪrlaɪz] | 英['rɪəlaɪz]
v. [英]意识到；实现；明白；变现
slight [高考]
美[slaɪt] | 英[slaɪt]
adj. 轻微的；纤弱的；微小的
vt. 轻视；忽略
n. 轻蔑；怠慢
clarify [高考]
美[ˈklærəfaɪ] | 英[ˈklærəfaɪ]
vt. 澄清；阐明；净化
underwear [高考]
美[ˈʌndərwer] | 英[ˈʌndəweə(r)]
n. 内衣，衬衣
precise [高考]
美[prɪˈsaɪs] | 英[prɪˈsaɪs]
adj. 精确的；恰好的；准确的；严格的
jaw [高考]
美[dʒɔː] | 英[dʒɔː]
n. 颚；颌；下巴；钳口；说教
v. 喋喋不休；教训
concentrate on [高考]
美['kɑːnsənˌtreɪt ɑːn] | 英['kɒnsəntreɪt ɒn]
集中于；专心于
in order [高考]
美[ɪn 'ɔːrdər] | 英[ɪn 'ɔːdə]
整齐；秩序井然；按顺序
allow for [高考]
美[əˈlaʊ fɔr] | 英[əˈlau fɔ:]
考虑到；顾及
take time [高考]
美[tek taɪm] | 英[teik taim]
花费时间；不急不忙
means [高考]
美[miːnz] | 英[miːnz]
n. 方法；手段；收入；财产
v. 意思是，意味（动词mean的第三人称单数）
entice [高考]
美[ɪnˈtaɪs] | 英[ɪnˈtaɪs]
v. 诱使；引诱
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
index [四级]
美[ˈɪndeks] | 英[ˈɪndeks]
n. 指数；索引；(刻度盘上的)指针
v. 指出；编索引
quarterly [四级]
美[ˈkwɔːrtərli] | 英[ˈkwɔːtəli]
adj. 季度的
adv. 每季一次
n. 季刊
evoke [四级]
美[ɪˈvoʊk] | 英[ɪˈvəʊk]
vt. 唤起；引起
repel [六级]
美[rɪˈpel] | 英[rɪˈpel]
vt. 排斥；抵制；击退；使反感
vi. 排斥；反感
whereby [六级]
美[werˈbaɪ] | 英[weəˈbaɪ]
adv. 凭借
vowel [六级]
美[ˈvaʊəl] | 英[ˈvaʊəl]
n. 母音；元音
ferocious [专四]
美[fəˈroʊʃəs] | 英[fəˈrəʊʃəs]
adj. 残忍的；凶猛的；极度的
pacify [专八]
美[ˈpæsɪfaɪ] | 英[ˈpæsɪfaɪ]
v. 使 ... 平静；抚慰；安慰
standing [专八]
美[ˈstændɪŋ] | 英[ˈstændɪŋ]
n. 持续；地位
adj. 永久的；不动的；直立的；不流动的
detritus [托福]
美[dɪˈtraɪtəs] | 英[dɪˈtraɪtəs]
n. 碎石；碎屑
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师
v. 穿上

重点讲解

The secrets of public speaking

公众演讲的秘密

publicise v. 宣传；传播；报道

【例】a highly-publicised case 被广泛报道的案件

to publicise his new book 宣传他的新书

【拓展】publicity n. 媒体报道；宣传工作

【例】publicity material 宣传材料

People who enjoy public speaking are luckier than they realise. A much-publicised survey from the 1970s claimed that Americans feared it more than death.

喜欢公众演讲的人没有意识到他们有多么幸运。20世纪70年代一项被广泛报道的调查声称，美国人对公众演讲的恐惧甚至超过了死亡。

publicise v. 宣传；传播；报道

【例】a highly-publicised case 被广泛报道的案件

to publicise his new book 宣传他的新书

【拓展】publicity n. 媒体报道；宣传工作

【例】publicity material 宣传材料

There is plenty of homespun advice out there for glossophobes. Just be yourself (which ignores the fact that the “real you” would rather be dead than give a presentation).

对于害怕演讲的人有很多朴实的建议。做你自己就好（这条建议没意识到“真实的你自己”宁愿死也不愿演讲）。

ahead adv. 在前面；领先

【例】Our team was ahead of other teams by six points.

我们队领先其他队六分。

【近义词】lead v. 领先

【例】Our team was leading other teams by six points.

我们队领先其他队六分。

Imagine that your audience is in their underwear (for reasons that are totally unclear). Speak on things you properly understand (when getting ahead in many jobs requires precisely the opposite).

想象你的观众都穿着内衣（完全不知道为什么要这样想）。谈论你真正懂的事情（而要想在许多工作中领先其他人，恰恰需要相反的做法）。

ahead adv. 在前面；领先

【例】Our team was ahead of other teams by six points.

我们队领先其他队六分。

【近义词】lead v. 领先

【例】Our team was leading other teams by six points.

我们队领先其他队六分。

A better source of advice comes from a profession that really knows how to pretend and perform: acting. “Don’t Say Um”, a recent book by Michael Chad Hoeppner, offers presenting tips from an actor-turned-coach.

更好的建议来自一个真正懂得如何伪装和表演的职业：演戏。迈克尔·查德·霍普纳是从演员转型为演讲教练，他的新书《别说"嗯"》分享了演讲窍门。

condense v. 浓缩；压缩

【例】Condense the soup by boiling it for several minutes.

煮几分钟把汤熬浓。

The author has condensed a great deal of material into just 100 pages.

作者在短短100页中浓缩了大量信息。

【近义词】boil sth down 煮浓；压缩；归纳

【反义词】water sth down/dilute 加水冲淡；稀释

The advice of professional performers can be condensed into three main messages. First, presenting is a deeply physical activity. Kate Walker Miles, one of the RADA Business coaches, warns against standing with legs locked straight; a slight bend in the knees makes for greater stability.

专业表演者的建议可归纳为三个要点。首先，演讲是一项高度依赖肢体的活动。凯特·沃克·迈尔斯是英国皇家戏剧艺术学院商务培训中心的教练之一，她提醒人们不要双腿笔直、僵硬地站立，膝盖略微弯曲能让你站得更稳。

condense v. 浓缩；压缩

【例】Condense the soup by boiling it for several minutes.

煮几分钟把汤熬浓。

The author has condensed a great deal of material into just 100 pages.

作者在短短100页中浓缩了大量信息。

【近义词】boil sth down 煮浓；压缩；归纳

【反义词】water sth down/dilute 加水冲淡；稀释

She emphasises the importance of vowel sounds in communicating emotion, which means opening the jaw more widely than you might naturally tend to. Her warm-up exercises include some fairly ferocious massaging of the masseter muscles—think Edvard Munch and you get the idea—and some theatrical yawning.

她强调在传达情感时元音很重要，即要比自然状态下更大幅度地张开下颌。她的热身运动包括相当用力地按摩咬肌——想想爱德华·蒙克的名画《呐喊》就明白了——以及一些夸张的打哈欠动作。

ferocious adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的

【例】a ferocious storm 狂风暴雨

ferocious heat 酷热

ferocious opposition 强烈的反对

【拓展】ferociously adv. 凶猛地；猛烈地

【例】Chefs are working ferociously in the kitchen.

厨师们在厨房里忙疯了。

Second, it helps to slow down the pace of delivery—to allow for pauses, to not rush to fill silences with “ers”, “ums” and other verbal detritus. Mr Hoeppner recommends a useful technique called finger-walking, whereby you walk your index and middle fingers across the table as you speak, and only take a “step” when you know what the next word or point is going to be.

第二，放慢说话的节奏是有帮助的——允许停顿，不要急着用“呃”“嗯”等话佐料来填补沉默。霍普纳推荐了一种名为“手指走路”的实用技巧，就是在说话时用食指和中指在桌面上行走，只有在确定下一个词或要点是什么时才用手指“迈出一步”。

delivery n. （演讲、讲课、口译等）传达的整体效果，风格

【例】Her delivery is deadpan, but hilarious.

她的演讲风格是面无表情地搞笑。

【拓展】deliver v. 发表；说出

【例】to deliver a speech/the lines 发表演讲/说出台词

Even doing it once is an interesting exercise: by forcing you to take time choosing your words, those filler noises start to disappear and language becomes more precise.

这个练习哪怕只做一次也很有趣：它迫使你花时间斟酌用词，那些无意义的语气词就会开始消失，语言也会变得更精准。

take one’s time doing sth 慢慢做某事

【例】There's no rush -- take your time.

别着急，慢慢来。

【反义词】rush/hurry to do sth 急着做某事

Third, don’t focus on yourself. Too often speakers concentrate on how they are doing—how many minutes to go? have I gone bright red?—and not on the experience of their audience.

第三，不要关注自己。演讲者总是关注自己的表现——还剩几分钟？我的脸是不是变得通红？——而没有关注观众的体验。

take one’s time doing sth 慢慢做某事

【例】There's no rush -- take your time.

别着急，慢慢来。

【反义词】rush/hurry to do sth 急着做某事

To help evoke the right emotion, actors have a technique called “actioning”, in which they assign a transitive verb (“pacify”, “bait”, “entice”, “repel”) to their lines in order to clarify a character’s goal.

为了帮助唤起正确的情绪，演员有一种名为“动作化”的技巧，他们会在台词中使用一个及物动词（“使平静”“引诱”“诱惑”“使厌恶”），从而清楚说明人物的目的是什么。

evoke v. 引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象）

【例】The music evoked memories of her youth.

这乐曲勾起了她对青年时代的回忆。

【近义词】conjure sth up/elicit 使想起；唤起；引起

The emotional range of a quarterly update may not match “King Lear”, but executives should still work out what they want an audience to feel.

宣讲季度最新情况时的情绪范围当然没有表演《李尔王》时那么广，但是进行演讲的高管依然需要弄清楚他们想让观众感受到什么情绪。