- Published on
鸦片贸易: 罂粟花的力量
- Authors
罂粟花看起来娇弱无害。但对于印度作家阿米塔夫·戈什来说,罂粟却是“人类在地球上遇到的最强大的生物之一”。
![]()
双语精读
Flower power
罂粟花的力量
The history of the opium trade helps explain the modern world.
鸦片贸易的历史有助于解释现代世界。
The opium poppy looks delicate and innocuous. But for Amitav Ghosh, an Indian writer, it is "one of the most powerful beings that humans have encountered in their time on Earth".
罂粟花看起来娇弱无害。但对于印度作家阿米塔夫·戈什来说,罂粟却是“人类在地球上遇到的最强大的生物之一”。
Mr Ghosh's elegant history of the plant's influence is both a tribute to what he calls "the historical agency of botanical matter" and a reckoning with the imperial past.
戈什的这本历史书文笔优雅,讲述了罂粟产生的影响,既是对“植物的历史作用”的致敬,也是对过去帝国主义的清算。
The book's origins lie in his trilogy of "Ibis" novels, set in the thick of the opium trade in the 1830s. The research Mr Ghosh carried out while writing them prompted him to probe how the drug trade shaped free-market capitalism and globalisation.
这本书发端于他的三部曲小说《艾比斯》,小说设定在19世纪30年代鸦片贸易的高峰期。戈什在写这些故事时进行的研究促使他去探索这场毒品贸易如何塑造了自由市场的资本主义和全球化。
Opium has been prized as a sedative for 5,000 years. Mr Ghosh's account begins with Catherine of Braganza marrying King Charles II in 1662. Her dowry included a casket of Chinese tea and some small islands off India's west coast.
鸦片作为珍贵的镇静剂已经有5000年的历史了。戈什的叙述始于1662年葡萄牙布拉干萨王朝的凯瑟琳公主嫁给了英国国王查尔斯二世。凯瑟琳公主的嫁妆包括一盒中国茶叶和印度西海岸的一些小岛。
The fashion for tea simmered quickly in Britain, with the East India Company (EIC) controlling its import. The EIC funnelled goods to China from India.
随着东印度公司控制了茶叶的进口,喝茶的风尚在英国迅速升温。东印度公司从印度向中国运送货物。
An appetite for one of these, cotton, was already strong. But the EIC began coercing Indian farmers to grow a different crop that, used recreationally, would turn countless people into addicts.
中国对其中一种货物——棉花——的需求已经很大了。但东印度公司开始强迫印度农民种植另一种作物,这种作物如果用于娱乐,会让无数人染上毒瘾。
Europeans did not invent the opium trade. Rather, they expanded modest local practices into a rapacious global enterprise. Mr Ghosh argues that the Dutch created the first "imperial narco-state" in the 17th century.
欧洲人不是发明了鸦片贸易。而是将小规模的当地买卖扩展为贪婪的全球企业。戈什认为,荷兰人在17世纪创建了第一个“帝国主义毒品国家”。
The model was "perfected by the British", who promoted the convenient myth that "non-white people were by nature prone to addiction and depravity". When China banned the import of opium in 1729, the British turned to smugglers who called themselves "private traders".
这一模式“由英国人进行完善”,英国人借此推广了“非白人天生容易染上毒瘾和堕落”这一利于他们的谣言。中国在1729年禁止鸦片进口,于是英国人转而求助于那些自称“私营商贩”的走私者。
Most of the characters he depicts are venal. One exception is Lin Zexu, a Chinese civil servant.
戈什描绘的大多数人物都是贪污腐败的。其中有一个例外,就是中国的公务员林则徐。
In 1839 he complained in an undelivered letter to Queen Victoria that opium traders were "perfectly careless about the injuries they inflict" in their "inordinate thirst after gain".
1839年,他在给维多利亚女王的一封未送达的信中抱怨说,鸦片商人在“对利益的过度渴求”中,对“他们造成的伤害完全不在乎(贪利之极,不顾害人)”。
词汇预习
countless [高考]
美[ˈkaʊntləs] | 英[ˈkaʊntləs]
adj. 无数的;多的数不清的
exception [高考]
美[ɪkˈsepʃn] | 英[ɪkˈsepʃn]
n. 例外;不合规则;反对;[律]异议
sedative [高考]
美[ˈsɛdətɪv] | 英[ˈsedətɪv]
adj. 使安静的;使镇静的 n. 镇静剂;能使安静的东西
myth [高考]
美[mɪθ] | 英[mɪθ]
n. 神话;虚构的故事
agency [高考]
美[ˈeɪdʒənsi] | 英[ˈeɪdʒənsi]
n. 代理;代理处;政府机构
civil [高考]
美[ˈsɪvl] | 英[ˈsɪvl]
adj. 公民的;文明的;国内的;民用的;民事的;【建】土木的
appetite [高考]
美[ˈæpɪtaɪt] | 英[ˈæpɪtaɪt]
n. 食欲;嗜好;欲望
delicate [高考]
美[ˈdelɪkət] | 英[ˈdelɪkət]
adj. 微妙的;精美的;纤细的;脆弱的;敏锐的;美味的
elegant [高考]
美[ˈelɪɡənt] | 英[ˈelɪɡənt]
adj. 优雅的;雅致的
enterprise [高考]
美[ˈentərpraɪz] | 英[ˈentəpraɪz]
n. 企业;事业;进取心;谋划
thirst [高考]
美[θɜːrst] | 英[θɜːst]
vi. 渴望;渴求;口渴 n. 口渴;渴望
botanical [高考]
美[bəˈtænɪkl] | 英[bəˈtænɪkl]
adj. 植物学的;植物的 n. 植物制剂
set in [高考]
美[sɛt ɪn] | 英[set in]
嵌入; 开始
by nature [高考]
美[baɪ ˈnetʃɚ] | 英[bai ˈneitʃə]
生性; 本性上; 本来; 生来
imperial [高考]
美[ɪmˈpɪriəl] | 英[ɪmˈpɪəriəl]
adj. 帝国的;皇帝的;特大的;英制的 n. 皇帝;女皇;马车车顶;特大号
probe [高考]
美[proʊb] | 英[prəʊb]
n. 调查;查究;探针;探测器 v. 用探针测;探测;详细调查
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将;可能;大概;总会;愿意;will的过去式
perfectly [四级]
美[ˈpɜːrfɪktli] | 英[ˈpɜːfɪktli]
adv. 完全地;无瑕疵地;完整地;完美地;圆满地
lie in [四级]
美[ˌlaɪ ˈɪn] | 英[ˌlaɪ ˈɪn]
在于; 睡懒觉
trade in [四级]
美[treid ɪn] | 英[treid in]
以旧换新; 买卖
capitalism [六级]
美[ˈkæpɪtlˌɪzəm] | 英[ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm]
n. 资本主义
prone [六级]
美[proʊn] | 英[prəʊn]
adj. 易于 ... 的;有 ... 倾向的;俯卧的
inflict [六级]
美[ɪnˈflɪkt] | 英[ɪnˈflɪkt]
vt. 使遭受;施以;加害;折磨
tribute [六级]
美[ˈtrɪbjuːt] | 英[ˈtrɪbjuːt]
n. 贡品;称赞;敬意;礼物
opium [六级]
美[ˈoʊpiəm] | 英[ˈəʊpiəm]
n. 鸦片;麻醉剂
civil servant [专四]
美[ˈsɪvəl ˈsɚvənt] | 英[ˈsivl ˈsə:vənt]
n. 文职公务员
trilogy [专八]
美[ˈtrɪlədʒi] | 英[ˈtrɪlədʒi]
n. 三部曲
dowry [专八]
美[ˈdaʊri] | 英[ˈdaʊri]
n. 嫁妆;天资
inordinate [专八]
美[ɪnˈɔːrdɪnət] | 英[ɪnˈɔːdɪnət]
adj. 过度的;非常的;无法无天的
non [考研]
美[nɒn] | 英[nɒn]
adv. [拉]非;不是
重点讲解
Flower power
罂粟花的力量
delicate adj. 脆弱的;娇弱的
【例】Babies have very delicate skin.
婴儿的皮肤非常娇嫩。
【近义词】fragile adj. 脆弱的;易被破坏的
The history of the opium trade helps explain the modern world.
鸦片贸易的历史有助于解释现代世界。
delicate adj. 脆弱的;娇弱的
【例】Babies have very delicate skin.
婴儿的皮肤非常娇嫩。
【近义词】fragile adj. 脆弱的;易被破坏的
The opium poppy looks delicate and innocuous. But for Amitav Ghosh, an Indian writer, it is “one of the most powerful beings that humans have encountered in their time on Earth”.
罂粟花看起来娇弱无害。但对于印度作家阿米塔夫·戈什来说,罂粟却是“人类在地球上遇到的最强大的生物之一”。
delicate adj. 脆弱的;娇弱的
【例】Babies have very delicate skin.
婴儿的皮肤非常娇嫩。
【近义词】fragile adj. 脆弱的;易被破坏的
Mr Ghosh’s elegant history of the plant’s influence is both a tribute to what he calls “the historical agency of botanical matter” and a reckoning with the imperial past.
戈什的这本历史书文笔优雅,讲述了罂粟产生的影响,既是对“植物的历史作用”的致敬,也是对过去帝国主义的清算。
agency n.
1. 中介机构;代理机构
【例】a dating agency 婚姻介绍所
By the agency of friends he got the job.
通过朋友们的斡旋/介绍,他得到了那份工作。
【拓展】agent n. 经纪人;代理人
2. 政府的专门机构
【例】government agencies 各政府部门
3. 能动作用;力量
【例】Rocks are worn smooth through the agency of water.
岩石在流水的作用下被磨洗得光滑。
【拓展】agent n. 起一定作用的人或事;动因
【例】Rain and sun are the natural agents that help plants grow.
雨水和阳光是帮助植物生长的自然力。
oxidizing agents 氧化剂
in the thick of 最繁忙/密集的时候
【例】in the thick of the battle
在战斗最激烈的时候
【拓展】thick and fast 大量而快速地
The book’s origins lie in his trilogy of “Ibis” novels, set in the thick of the opium trade in the 1830s. The research Mr Ghosh carried out while writing them prompted him to probe how the drug trade shaped free-market capitalism and globalisation.
这本书发端于他的三部曲小说《艾比斯》,小说设定在19世纪30年代鸦片贸易的高峰期。戈什在写这些故事时进行的研究促使他去探索这场毒品贸易如何塑造了自由市场的资本主义和全球化。
agency n.
1. 中介机构;代理机构
【例】a dating agency 婚姻介绍所
By the agency of friends he got the job.
通过朋友们的斡旋/介绍,他得到了那份工作。
【拓展】agent n. 经纪人;代理人
2. 政府的专门机构
【例】government agencies 各政府部门
3. 能动作用;力量
【例】Rocks are worn smooth through the agency of water.
岩石在流水的作用下被磨洗得光滑。
【拓展】agent n. 起一定作用的人或事;动因
【例】Rain and sun are the natural agents that help plants grow.
雨水和阳光是帮助植物生长的自然力。
oxidizing agents 氧化剂
in the thick of 最繁忙/密集的时候
【例】in the thick of the battle
在战斗最激烈的时候
【拓展】thick and fast 大量而快速地
Opium has been prized as a sedative for 5,000 years. Mr Ghosh’s account begins with Catherine of Braganza marrying King Charles II in 1662. Her dowry included a casket of Chinese tea and some small islands off India’s west coast.
鸦片作为珍贵的镇静剂已经有5000年的历史了。戈什的叙述始于1662年葡萄牙布拉干萨王朝的凯瑟琳公主嫁给了英国国王查尔斯二世。凯瑟琳公主的嫁妆包括一盒中国茶叶和印度西海岸的一些小岛。
prize v. 珍视;高度重视
【例】The boy's bicycle was his most prized possession.
那男孩的自行车是他最珍爱的东西。
【近义词】value v. 重视
account n. 叙述;讲述
【例】to give a full account of sth 详细地描述某事
【拓展】by one’s account 根据某人所言
funnel v. 流经漏斗;传送
【例】Economic aid from 24 countries will be funneled into the war zone.
来自24个国家的救援物资将运送至战区。
【近义词】channel v. 输送;传送
The fashion for tea simmered quickly in Britain, with the East India Company (EIC) controlling its import. The EIC funnelled goods to China from India.
随着东印度公司控制了茶叶的进口,喝茶的风尚在英国迅速升温。东印度公司从印度向中国运送货物。
prize v. 珍视;高度重视
【例】The boy's bicycle was his most prized possession.
那男孩的自行车是他最珍爱的东西。
【近义词】value v. 重视
account n. 叙述;讲述
【例】to give a full account of sth 详细地描述某事
【拓展】by one’s account 根据某人所言
funnel v. 流经漏斗;传送
【例】Economic aid from 24 countries will be funneled into the war zone.
来自24个国家的救援物资将运送至战区。
【近义词】channel v. 输送;传送
An appetite for one of these, cotton, was already strong. But the EIC began coercing Indian farmers to grow a different crop that, used recreationally, would turn countless people into addicts.
中国对其中一种货物——棉花——的需求已经很大了。但东印度公司开始强迫印度农民种植另一种作物,这种作物如果用于娱乐,会让无数人染上毒瘾。
coerce v. 强迫;胁迫
【例】He was coerced and bribed into telling the secret.
他被威逼利诱,最后说出了秘密。
【近义词】force v. 强迫
modest adj.
1. 谦虚的
【例】She's very modest about her success.
她对自己的成功非常谦虚。
2. 不大的;不多的
【例】a modest income 收入不高
【辨析】moderate adj. 适度的
convenient adj. 提供便利的
【例】a convenient excuse 一个好用的借口
a convenient taxi 刚好路过的出租车
【反义词】inconvenient adj. 不方便的;带来麻烦的
【例】He was an inconvenient eyewitness.
被他看到了真是不凑巧/很麻烦。
be prone to 倾向于;易于
【例】Working without a break makes you more prone to error.
连续工作不停歇使人更容易出错。
【近义词】be likely/liable to 可能;倾向于
Europeans did not invent the opium trade. Rather, they expanded modest local practices into a rapacious global enterprise. Mr Ghosh argues that the Dutch created the first “imperial narco-state” in the 17th century.
欧洲人不是发明了鸦片贸易。而是将小规模的当地买卖扩展为贪婪的全球企业。戈什认为,荷兰人在17世纪创建了第一个“帝国主义毒品国家”。
coerce v. 强迫;胁迫
【例】He was coerced and bribed into telling the secret.
他被威逼利诱,最后说出了秘密。
【近义词】force v. 强迫
modest adj.
1. 谦虚的
【例】She's very modest about her success.
她对自己的成功非常谦虚。
2. 不大的;不多的
【例】a modest income 收入不高
【辨析】moderate adj. 适度的
convenient adj. 提供便利的
【例】a convenient excuse 一个好用的借口
a convenient taxi 刚好路过的出租车
【反义词】inconvenient adj. 不方便的;带来麻烦的
【例】He was an inconvenient eyewitness.
被他看到了真是不凑巧/很麻烦。
be prone to 倾向于;易于
【例】Working without a break makes you more prone to error.
连续工作不停歇使人更容易出错。
【近义词】be likely/liable to 可能;倾向于
The model was “perfected by the British”, who promoted the convenient myth that “non-white people were by nature prone to addiction and depravity”. When China banned the import of opium in 1729, the British turned to smugglers who called themselves “private traders”.
这一模式“由英国人进行完善”,英国人借此推广了“非白人天生容易染上毒瘾和堕落”这一利于他们的谣言。中国在1729年禁止鸦片进口,于是英国人转而求助于那些自称“私营商贩”的走私者。
coerce v. 强迫;胁迫
【例】He was coerced and bribed into telling the secret.
他被威逼利诱,最后说出了秘密。
【近义词】force v. 强迫
modest adj.
1. 谦虚的
【例】She's very modest about her success.
她对自己的成功非常谦虚。
2. 不大的;不多的
【例】a modest income 收入不高
【辨析】moderate adj. 适度的
convenient adj. 提供便利的
【例】a convenient excuse 一个好用的借口
a convenient taxi 刚好路过的出租车
【反义词】inconvenient adj. 不方便的;带来麻烦的
【例】He was an inconvenient eyewitness.
被他看到了真是不凑巧/很麻烦。
be prone to 倾向于;易于
【例】Working without a break makes you more prone to error.
连续工作不停歇使人更容易出错。
【近义词】be likely/liable to 可能;倾向于
Most of the characters he depicts are venal. One exception is Lin Zexu, a Chinese civil servant.
戈什描绘的大多数人物都是贪污腐败的。其中有一个例外,就是中国的公务员林则徐。
civil adj. 国家的;公民的
【例】civil law 民法
civil rights and duties 公民的权利和义务
civil office 公职
civil marriage 在民政厅举行的婚礼
inflict v. 使遭受打击
【例】They inflicted a defeat on the home team.
他们使主队吃了败仗。
【辨析】afflict v. 折磨
【例】A nightmare afflicts him.
噩梦折磨着他。
He is afflicted with a heart disease.
他患有心脏病。
In 1839 he complained in an undelivered letter to Queen Victoria that opium traders were “perfectly careless about the injuries they inflict” in their “inordinate thirst after gain”.
1839年,他在给维多利亚女王的一封未送达的信中抱怨说,鸦片商人在“对利益的过度渴求”中,对“他们造成的伤害完全不在乎(贪利之极,不顾害人)”。
civil adj. 国家的;公民的
【例】civil law 民法
civil rights and duties 公民的权利和义务
civil office 公职
civil marriage 在民政厅举行的婚礼
inflict v. 使遭受打击
【例】They inflicted a defeat on the home team.
他们使主队吃了败仗。
【辨析】afflict v. 折磨
【例】A nightmare afflicts him.
噩梦折磨着他。
He is afflicted with a heart disease.
他患有心脏病。
课后练习
What prompted Amitav Ghosh to investigate the history of the opium trade?
A. His interest in the delicate opium poppy.
B. His reading experience of “Ibis” novels.
C. His job of analyzing the impact of imperialism.
D. His research for the novels set in the 1830s.
What does Mr. Ghosh's book begin with?
A. The medical use of opium.
B. The popularity of tea in Britain.
C. The Britain’s colonization of India.
D. The establishment of the East India Company.
Which of the following is true about the model of opium trade?
A. The opium business first emerged in Europe.
B. Britain sold opium in China illegally after 1729.
C. The Dutch was the first country to import opium.
D. Indians smuggled opium to China for Britain.
What did Lin Zexu complain about in his letter?
A. The lack of response from Queen Victoria.
B. The immoral behavior of opium traders.
C. The actions of Dutch merchants.
D. The influence of the British Empire.