管理学小知识： 领导与经理的区别(下)

首先，当领导似乎比当经理要风光得多。部分原因是领导力素质与高级别职位有关。

双语精读

The research suggested that firms that are run by leaders perform better than those run by managers. But pointing to the differences between managers and leaders can also be unhelpful, for two reasons.

研究表明，由领导者经营的公司比由经理经营的公司表现更好。但指出管理者和领导者之间的区别可能是无益的，原因有两个。

The first is that being a leader seems so much sexier than being a manager. That is partly because leadership qualities are associated with seniority.

首先，当领导似乎比当经理要风光得多。部分原因是领导力素质与高级别职位有关。

As people scale the corporate ladder, they go on leadership courses, join leadership teams and start sentences with phrases like "as a leader".

当人们一步步晋升时，他们会参加领导力课程、加入领导班子，并在说每句话时都以“作为领导”来开头。

It is also because the two archetypes are not created equal. Would you rather be the person who likes to do budgeting or the one who holds others in thrall? The type that likes the status quo or the one that wants to change the world?

而且也是因为这两种类型并非生来平等。你愿意做一个喜欢做预算的人，还是愿意做一个驾驭别人的人？你是喜欢维持现状，还是想要改变世界？

"It takes neither genius nor heroism to be a manager," wrote Zaleznik. No wonder there are feted programmes for young global leaders but not for young global managers.

扎莱兹尼克写道：“成为经理既不需要天才，也不需要英勇。”难怪有大型全球青年领导力培训项目，但没有全球青年经理人培训项目。

The capacity to inspire others and to head into uncharted waters does become more salient the higher you rise. But management skill does not become less important.

职级晋升得越高，激励他人和探索未知领域的能力确实变得越为重要。但管理能力的重要性并没有随之降低。

Dr Bandiera and colleagues concluded that although CEOs who displayed the behaviour of leaders were associated with better company performance overall, different firms may require different types of boss. Some would be better off with "manager" CEOs.

班迪埃拉博士及其同事得出结论，尽管表现出领导者行为的CEO与公司整体业绩提升相关，但不同的公司可能需要不同类型的老板。有些公司在“管理型”CEO的带领下会业绩更好。

And performance is independently correlated with other things, including the quality of management practices.

而且公司业绩也与其他因素有独立的相关性，包括管理做法的质量。

The second unhelpful by-product of the debate about managers and leaders is that it tends to separate people into one camp or the other. In fact, bosses must combine the qualities of both.

关于经理和领导之辩的第二个无益的副产品是，它往往会把人分入非此即彼的阵营。事实上，老板们必须将二者的品质结合起来。

Just as it is hard to motivate people if you are highly efficient but have the inspirational qualities of feta cheese, so it is not much use laying out ambitious visions for the future if you don't have a clue how to make them reality.

如果你效率很高，但像羊奶干酪一样平淡、无法鼓舞人心，那么你很难去激励别人，同样，如果你对将雄心变成现实毫无头绪，那么描绘未来的远大宏图也没什么用处。

You need to turn the dial back and forth-from strategy to execution, change to order, passion to process, leader to manager.

你需要来回拨动指示盘：从制定战略到实际执行，从做出改变到维持秩序，从充满激情到注重流程，从领导角色切换到经理角色。

词汇预习

motivate [高考]
美[ˈmoʊtɪveɪt] | 英[ˈməʊtɪveɪt]
vt. 激发(兴趣或欲望)；给与动机
efficient [高考]
美[ɪˈfɪʃnt] | 英[ɪˈfɪʃnt]
adj. 效率高的；胜任的
passion [高考]
美[ˈpæʃn] | 英[ˈpæʃn]
n. 激情；酷爱；强烈情感；盛怒 v.〈诗〉感觉[表现]热情
ambitious [高考]
美[æmˈbɪʃəs] | 英[æmˈbɪʃəs]
adj. 有雄心的；野心勃勃的；有抱负的
scale [高考]
美[skeɪl] | 英[skeɪl]
n. 等级，规模；刻度；音阶；量程；天枰 v. 攀登；到达…顶点；去鳞
overall [高考]
美[ˌoʊvərˈɔːl , ˈoʊvərɔːl] | 英[ˌəʊvərˈɔːl , ˈəʊvərɔːl]
adj. 全部的；总体的；全面考虑的 adv. 总的来说；总共 n. 罩衫；工作服
capacity [高考]
美[kəˈpæsəti] | 英[kəˈpæsəti]
n. 容量；容积；能力；职位；资格
corporate [高考]
美[ˈkɔːrpərət] | 英[ˈkɔːpərət]
adj. 法人的；公司的；社团的；共同的；全体的
genius [高考]
美[ˈdʒiːniəs] | 英[ˈdʒiːniəs]
n. 天才；天赋
clue [高考]
美[kluː] | 英[kluː]
n. 线索；（故事等的）情节 vt. 为…提供线索；为…提供情况
inspire [高考]
美[ɪnˈspaɪər] | 英[ɪnˈspaɪə(r)]
vt. 鼓舞；激发；产生；赋予...灵感 vi. 吸入
behaviour [高考]
美[bɪˈheɪvjər] | 英[bɪˈheɪvjə(r)]
n. 行为；举止；品行
debate [高考]
美[dɪˈbeɪt] | 英[dɪˈbeɪt]
n. 辩论；讨论 vt. 争论；思考 vi. 辩论
status [高考]
美[ˈsteɪtəs , ˈstætəs] | 英[ˈsteɪtəs]
n. 地位；情形；状况，状态；身份
equal [高考]
美[ˈiːkwəl] | 英[ˈiːkwəl]
adj. 相等的；平等的 vt. 比得上；等于 n. 同辈；平等；(同等的)人或事物
dial [高考]
美[ˈdaɪəl] | 英[ˈdaɪəl]
n. 拨号盘；刻度盘；日晷；钟面 v. 拨号；打电话
as it is [高考]
美[æz ɪt ɪz] | 英[æz it iz]
实际上；既然如此
debate about [高考]
美 | 英
就……辩论
for the future [高考]
美[fɔr ði ˈfjutʃɚ] | 英[fɔ: ðə ˈfju:tʃə]
从今以后；将来
back and forth [高考]
美[bæk ənd fɔːrθ] | 英[bæk ənd fɔːθ]
来回地；反复地
by-product [高考]
美[ˈbaɪˌprɑdəkt] | 英[baɪ 'prɒdʌkt]
n. 副产品；副作用
heroism [高考]
美[ˈheroʊɪzəm] | 英[ˈherəʊɪzəm]
n. 勇敢的事迹
would [高考]
美[wʊd , wəd] | 英[wʊd , wəd]
aux. 将；可能；大概；总会；愿意；will的过去式
forth [四级]
美[fɔːrθ] | 英[fɔːθ]
adv. 向前；向外；露出
independently [四级]
美[ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntlɪ] | 英[ˌɪndɪ'pendəntlɪ]
adv. 独立地；自立地
be better off [四级]
美[biː 'betər ɔːf] | 英[biː 'betə ɒf]
更富裕；境况好转
inspirational [六级]
美[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl] | 英[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl]
adj. 带有灵感的；给予灵感的；鼓舞人心的
execution [六级]
美[ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃn] | 英[ˌeksɪˈkjuːʃn]
n. 处决；执行；实施
seniority [专四]
美[ˌsiniˈɔrəti] | 英[ˌsi:niˈɒrəti]
n. 长辈；前任者的特权；老资格
salient [专八]
美[ˈseɪliənt] | 英[ˈseɪliənt]
adj. 突出的；显著的；跳跃的 n. 突出部分
uncharted [考研]
美[ˌʌnˈtʃɑrtɪd] | 英[ˌʌnˈtʃɑ:tɪd]
adj. (情形、经历、活动)陌生的；不熟悉的；(地域、水域)未被探索的，图上未标明的
don [托福]
美[dɑn] | 英[dɒn]
n. 先生（西班牙用语）；(牛津、剑桥大学的)指导教师 v. 穿上

重点讲解

研究表明，由领导者经营的公司比由经理经营的公司表现更好。但指出管理者和领导者之间的区别可能是无益的，原因有两个。

quality n.

1. 质量

【例】goods of a high quality/the quality of life

优质商品/生活质量

【拓展】quality adj. 优质的

【例】quality education/service 优质教育；优质服务

2. （人的）素质，品质；（物的）性质，特质

【例】personal qualities such as honesty/the refreshing quality of a drink

比如诚实之类的个人品质/饮料的特质是可以提神

【拓展】qualitative vs quantitative 定性的vs定量的

scale n. & v.

1. 作名词：等级

【例】to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10

按1到10级来评估成绩

2. 作动词：攀登

【例】to scale a mountain 攀爬山峰

【近义词】climb v. 攀爬

The first is that being a leader seems so much sexier than being a manager. That is partly because leadership qualities are associated with seniority.

首先，当领导似乎比当经理要风光得多。部分原因是领导力素质与高级别职位有关。

quality n.

1. 质量

【例】goods of a high quality/the quality of life

优质商品/生活质量

【拓展】quality adj. 优质的

【例】quality education/service 优质教育；优质服务

2. （人的）素质，品质；（物的）性质，特质

【例】personal qualities such as honesty/the refreshing quality of a drink

比如诚实之类的个人品质/饮料的特质是可以提神

【拓展】qualitative vs quantitative 定性的vs定量的

scale n. & v.

1. 作名词：等级

【例】to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10

按1到10级来评估成绩

2. 作动词：攀登

【例】to scale a mountain 攀爬山峰

【近义词】climb v. 攀爬

As people scale the corporate ladder, they go on leadership courses, join leadership teams and start sentences with phrases like “as a leader”.

当人们一步步晋升时，他们会参加领导力课程、加入领导班子，并在说每句话时都以“作为领导”来开头。

quality n.

1. 质量

【例】goods of a high quality/the quality of life

优质商品/生活质量

【拓展】quality adj. 优质的

【例】quality education/service 优质教育；优质服务

2. （人的）素质，品质；（物的）性质，特质

【例】personal qualities such as honesty/the refreshing quality of a drink

比如诚实之类的个人品质/饮料的特质是可以提神

【拓展】qualitative vs quantitative 定性的vs定量的

scale n. & v.

1. 作名词：等级

【例】to evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 10

按1到10级来评估成绩

2. 作动词：攀登

【例】to scale a mountain 攀爬山峰

【近义词】climb v. 攀爬

It is also because the two archetypes are not created equal. Would you rather be the person who likes to do budgeting or the one who holds others in thrall? The type that likes the status quo or the one that wants to change the world?

而且也是因为这两种类型并非生来平等。你愿意做一个喜欢做预算的人，还是愿意做一个驾驭别人的人？你是喜欢维持现状，还是想要改变世界？

budget n. & v. & adj.

1. 作名词：预算

【例】We decorated the house on a tight budget.

我们俭省地装修了房子。

2. 作动词：编入预算；制定预算

【例】to budget the project at 1 million dollars

给这个项目制定100万美元的预算

【拓展】budgeting n. 编制预算

3. 作形容词：廉价的；实惠的

【例】a budget flight 廉价航班

【近义词】cheap/affordable adj. 廉价（但劣质）的/便宜的

status quo 现状；原来的状况

【例】to maintain/restore the status quo

维持现状/恢复原来的状况

【近义词】stay put 待在原地；保持原状

“It takes neither genius nor heroism to be a manager,” wrote Zaleznik. No wonder there are feted programmes for young global leaders but not for young global managers.

扎莱兹尼克写道：“成为经理既不需要天才，也不需要英勇。”难怪有大型全球青年领导力培训项目，但没有全球青年经理人培训项目。

budget n. & v. & adj.

1. 作名词：预算

【例】We decorated the house on a tight budget.

我们俭省地装修了房子。

2. 作动词：编入预算；制定预算

【例】to budget the project at 1 million dollars

给这个项目制定100万美元的预算

【拓展】budgeting n. 编制预算

3. 作形容词：廉价的；实惠的

【例】a budget flight 廉价航班

【近义词】cheap/affordable adj. 廉价（但劣质）的/便宜的

status quo 现状；原来的状况

【例】to maintain/restore the status quo

维持现状/恢复原来的状况

【近义词】stay put 待在原地；保持原状

The capacity to inspire others and to head into uncharted waters does become more salient the higher you rise. But management skill does not become less important.

职级晋升得越高，激励他人和探索未知领域的能力确实变得越为重要。但管理能力的重要性并没有随之降低。

uncharted adj. 地图上未标明的；未知的

【例】to move into uncharted territory 涉足未知领域

【拓展】chart n./v. 图表/绘制地图

【近义词】unmapped adj. 地图上未标明的

【辨析】a chartered flight 包机

salient adj. 最重要的；显著的

【例】the salient features of a product/to summarize the salient points

产品最重要的特点/总结一下几个要点

【近义词】important/prominent adj. 重要的；显著的

better off 情况更好

【例】She is better off without him.

没有他，她过得更好。

【反义词】worse off 情况更不好

【近义词】fare better 情况更好

【例】The economy is faring better than last year.

现在的经济情况比去年好一些。

correlate v. 有关联；相互影响

【例】A high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.

高脂肪饮食与心脏病发病率的增加密切相关。

【辨析】related adj. 有关；相关

【例】a stress-related illness 与压力相关的疾病

班迪埃拉博士及其同事得出结论，尽管表现出领导者行为的CEO与公司整体业绩提升相关，但不同的公司可能需要不同类型的老板。有些公司在“管理型”CEO的带领下会业绩更好。

uncharted adj. 地图上未标明的；未知的

【例】to move into uncharted territory 涉足未知领域

【拓展】chart n./v. 图表/绘制地图

【近义词】unmapped adj. 地图上未标明的

【辨析】a chartered flight 包机

salient adj. 最重要的；显著的

【例】the salient features of a product/to summarize the salient points

产品最重要的特点/总结一下几个要点

【近义词】important/prominent adj. 重要的；显著的

better off 情况更好

【例】She is better off without him.

没有他，她过得更好。

【反义词】worse off 情况更不好

【近义词】fare better 情况更好

【例】The economy is faring better than last year.

现在的经济情况比去年好一些。

correlate v. 有关联；相互影响

【例】A high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.

高脂肪饮食与心脏病发病率的增加密切相关。

【辨析】related adj. 有关；相关

【例】a stress-related illness 与压力相关的疾病

And performance is independently correlated with other things, including the quality of management practices.

而且公司业绩也与其他因素有独立的相关性，包括管理做法的质量。

uncharted adj. 地图上未标明的；未知的

【例】to move into uncharted territory 涉足未知领域

【拓展】chart n./v. 图表/绘制地图

【近义词】unmapped adj. 地图上未标明的

【辨析】a chartered flight 包机

salient adj. 最重要的；显著的

【例】the salient features of a product/to summarize the salient points

产品最重要的特点/总结一下几个要点

【近义词】important/prominent adj. 重要的；显著的

better off 情况更好

【例】She is better off without him.

没有他，她过得更好。

【反义词】worse off 情况更不好

【近义词】fare better 情况更好

【例】The economy is faring better than last year.

现在的经济情况比去年好一些。

correlate v. 有关联；相互影响

【例】A high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.

高脂肪饮食与心脏病发病率的增加密切相关。

【辨析】related adj. 有关；相关

【例】a stress-related illness 与压力相关的疾病

The second unhelpful by-product of the debate about managers and leaders is that it tends to separate people into one camp or the other. In fact, bosses must combine the qualities of both.

关于经理和领导之辩的第二个无益的副产品是，它往往会把人分入非此即彼的阵营。事实上，老板们必须将二者的品质结合起来。

lay out

1. 展开；铺开

【例】to lay out the map on the table

把地图在桌子上展开

2. 清晰地提出（计划、论点等）

【例】Our approach was laid out in the report.

我们的方法在报告中清晰地说明了。

vision n.

1. 视力

【例】Cats have good night vision.

猫在夜间视力好。

2. 想象；愿景

【例】He had a vision of a world in which there would be no wars.

他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。

【近义词】prospect/outlook n. 前景；展望

Just as it is hard to motivate people if you are highly efficient but have the inspirational qualities of feta cheese, so it is not much use laying out ambitious visions for the future if you don’t have a clue how to make them reality.

如果你效率很高，但像羊奶干酪一样平淡、无法鼓舞人心，那么你很难去激励别人，同样，如果你对将雄心变成现实毫无头绪，那么描绘未来的远大宏图也没什么用处。

lay out

1. 展开；铺开

【例】to lay out the map on the table

把地图在桌子上展开

2. 清晰地提出（计划、论点等）

【例】Our approach was laid out in the report.

我们的方法在报告中清晰地说明了。

vision n.

1. 视力

【例】Cats have good night vision.

猫在夜间视力好。

2. 想象；愿景

【例】He had a vision of a world in which there would be no wars.

他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。

【近义词】prospect/outlook n. 前景；展望

You need to turn the dial back and forth—from strategy to execution, change to order, passion to process, leader to manager.

你需要来回拨动指示盘：从制定战略到实际执行，从做出改变到维持秩序，从充满激情到注重流程，从领导角色切换到经理角色。

lay out

1. 展开；铺开

【例】to lay out the map on the table

把地图在桌子上展开

2. 清晰地提出（计划、论点等）

【例】Our approach was laid out in the report.

我们的方法在报告中清晰地说明了。

vision n.

1. 视力

【例】Cats have good night vision.

猫在夜间视力好。

2. 想象；愿景

【例】He had a vision of a world in which there would be no wars.

他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。

【近义词】prospect/outlook n. 前景；展望

课后练习

The distinction between leaders and managers can be unhelpful because ____.
A. both of the two types can bring good performance
B. leaders may be considered as superior to managers
C. the responsibilities of the two types are the same
D. leaders have equal status with managers
According to Dr Bandiera, managerial skills ____.
A. are as important as leadership skills
B. are less salient in senior positions
C. suit the need of a wider range of companies
D. bring more practical results
The quotation from Zaleznik shows that ____.
A. a person can’t train to be a manager
B. leaders are more brilliant than managers
C. programmes for young global leaders are pointless
D. you have to be a manager before becoming a leader
According to the author, a boss should ____.
A. decide whether to be a leader or a manager
B. possess the ability to inspire people
C. be detail-oriented and pragmatic
D. combine the qualities of manager and leader