- Published on
关于美丽和女性创造力的秘史(上)
- Authors
用健康红发男子（年龄不超过25岁或30岁）的3升血液可以修复受损皮肤。食用荨麻是让脸颊红润的秘诀。
双语精读
How to be a Renaissance Woman: The Untold History of Beauty and Female Creativity. By Jill Burke.
《如何成为文艺复兴时期的女性：关于美丽和女性创造力的秘史》，吉尔·伯克著。（上）
Three litres of blood from a healthy red-headed man "no older than 25 or 30" could fix bad skin. Eating nettles was a trick for rosier cheeks. A paste made from marble, wheat and bryony, a poisonous plant, could whiten skin.
用健康红发男子（年龄不超过25岁或30岁）的3升血液可以修复受损皮肤。食用荨麻是让脸颊红润的秘诀。一种由大理石、小麦和泻根（一种有毒植物）制成的浆糊可以美白皮肤。
Most beauty products in Renaissance Italy were made from ingredients that seem strange or foolhardy to modern eyes. But in "How to be a Renaissance Woman", a lively new history of beauty culture in 16th- and 17th-century Italy, make-up is a tool to understand society and the female experience.
在现代人看来，文艺复兴时期意大利的大多数美容产品的原料要么十分奇怪，要么过于大胆。但在《如何成为文艺复兴时期的女性》这本关于16世纪和17世纪意大利美容文化的生动新史书中，化妆是了解社会和女性经历的工具。
Men controlled finance and government. Women cared about their appearances because "they had to", not because they were frivolous, argues Jill Burke, a professor at the University of Edinburgh.
在当时，男性控制着金融和政府。爱丁堡大学教授吉尔·伯克认为，女性在意自己的外表不是因为她们肤浅无聊，而是因为她们"不得不在意"。
Beauty and power intertwined: an attractive appearance offered better marriage prospects and social status. Beauty products were no mere frippery. They could be both weapons and shields.
美色和权力相互交织：漂亮的外表能带来更好的婚姻和社会地位。美容产品并非只是庸脂俗粉。它们既可以是武器，也可以是盾牌。
Marriage manuals of the day recommended wife-beating, and cosmetic recipe-books shared tips on how to hide "dead blood" from blows to the face using wild mint leaves.
当时的婚姻手册推崇殴打妻子，而美容指导手册则分享了一些小技巧，教女性如何使用野生薄荷叶来遮盖面部因受到击打而产生的"瘀血"。
Giovanna de Grandis, a woman from Rome, was hung alongside four other women for selling a poison disguised as a blemish remover that killed 46 men. (Ms Burke thinks the men may have been abusing their wives.)
来自罗马的女子乔瓦娜·德·格兰迪斯与另外四名女子一起被绞死，因其将毒药伪装成遮瑕膏进行出售，导致46名男子死亡。(伯克认为，这些男子可能一直都在虐待他们的妻子。)
One dignitary guessed that 500 men could have been killed by de Grandis's toxic mixture, their deaths mistaken for plague fatalities. Cosmetics are a big business--worth $430bn in 2022--but all too often they are dismissed as trivial.
一位政要猜测，可能有500人死于德·格兰迪斯的毒药，却被误认为是得了瘟疫而死亡。化妆品算得上一门大宗业务（2022年化妆品市场规模高达4300亿美元），但却往往遭人忽视，被认为是微不足道的小生意。
"What we do with our hair, face and body reflects and affects our social world," Ms Burke argues. Academic purists may balk at what they perceive as a chatty "history-lite" approach, but Ms Burke draws all her conclusions from primary sources (many of which she translated from the Italian herself).
伯克认为："我们如何对待头发、脸部和身体，既反映了社会现实，又反过来对其产生影响。"学术纯粹主义者可能会认为这是一本漫谈式的"轻历史"书，但伯克书中的所有结论都来自原始资料（其中许多是她自己从意大利语翻译而来的）。
词汇预习
mere [高考]
美[mɪr] | 英[mɪə(r)]
adj. 仅仅的；只不过的 n. 小湖；池塘 n. (Mere)人名；(日)目连(姓)；(西)梅雷
approach [高考]
美[əˈproʊtʃ] | 英[əˈprəʊtʃ]
v. 接近；建议；接洽；着手处理 n. 方法；接近；路径；道路
status [高考]
美[ˈsteɪtəs , ˈstætəs] | 英[ˈsteɪtəs]
n. 地位；情形；状况，状态；身份
alongside [高考]
美[əˌlɔːŋˈsaɪd] | 英[əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd]
adv. 在旁边 prep. 在 ... 旁边
finance [高考]
美[ˈfaɪnæns] | 英[ˈfaɪnæns]
n. 金融；财政；资金 vt. 给 ... 提供资金；负担经费
marble [高考]
美[ˈmɑːrbl] | 英[ˈmɑːbl]
n. 大理石；弹子，弹珠 vt. 使有大理石的花纹
perceive [高考]
美[pərˈsiːv] | 英[pəˈsiːv]
v. 注意到；觉察到；认为；理解
mistaken [高考]
美[mɪˈsteɪkən] | 英[mɪˈsteɪkən]
adj. 犯错的；错误的
paste [四级]
美[peɪst] | 英[peɪst]
n. 面团；浆糊；糊状物；糊 vt. 裱糊；粘贴
trivial [四级]
美[ˈtrɪviəl] | 英[ˈtrɪviəl]
adj. 不重要的；琐碎的
make-up [四级]
美[ˈmeɪk ʌp] | 英[ˈmeɪk ʌp]
n. 化妆品；性格；补考
toxic [四级]
美[ˈtɑːksɪk] | 英[ˈtɒksɪk]
adj. 有毒的
plague [四级]
美[pleɪɡ] | 英[pleɪɡ]
n. 瘟疫；麻烦；灾祸 vt. 折磨；烦扰；造成麻烦
do with [四级]
美[dʊ wɪð] | 英[duː wɪð]
处理； 利用； 忍受； 需要； 相处
all too [四级]
美[ɔl tu] | 英[ɔ:l tu:]
实在太[很]
dignitary [专八]
美[ˈdɪgnɪteri] | 英[ˈdɪgnɪtəri]
n. 高贵的人；高官 adj. 地位尊贵的
blemish [专八]
美[ˈblemɪʃ] | 英[ˈblemɪʃ]
n. 瑕疵；污点；缺点 v. 玷污；损害
frivolous [专八]
美[ˈfrɪvələs] | 英[ˈfrɪvələs]
adj. 轻佻的；妄动的；琐碎的；无足轻重的
balk [专八]
美[bɔːk] | 英[bɔːk]
vi. 畏缩不前，犹豫；（指马）不肯跑；拒绝；[体]假动作 vt. 阻止，阻碍；推诿；过错 n. 障碍；梁木；失败；过失；田埂 【名】（Balk）（美）鲍克
mint [托福]
美[mɪnt] | 英[mɪnt]
n. 薄荷；造币厂；[口]巨额 vt. 铸造(硬币)；伪造 adj. 完美无缺的
重点讲解
How to be a Renaissance Woman: The Untold History of Beauty and Female Creativity. By Jill Burke.
《如何成为文艺复兴时期的女性：关于美丽和女性创造力的秘史》，吉尔·伯克著。（上）
trick n. & v. & adj.
1. 作名词
（1）诡计；花招；骗局；把戏
【例】The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher.
孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。
treat or trick 不给糖就捣蛋
（万圣节时儿童挨家索要糖果用语，扬言若不给糖就捣乱戏弄别人）
（2）技巧，诀窍，窍门
【例】The trick is to pick the animal up by the back of its neck.
窍门在于抓住动物的后脖颈把它提起来。
2. 作动词，欺骗，欺诈
【例】I'd been tricked and I felt stupid.
我被人骗了，觉得自己真傻。
【搭配】trick sb into sth/ into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
【例】He tricked me into lending him 100 pounds.
他骗我借给了他100英镑。
3. 作形容词，骗人的，令人迷惑的，产生幻觉的
【例】a trick question 一个迷惑人的问题
Three litres of blood from a healthy red-headed man "no older than 25 or 30" could fix bad skin. Eating nettles was a trick for rosier cheeks. A paste made from marble, wheat and bryony, a poisonous plant, could whiten skin.
用健康红发男子（年龄不超过25岁或30岁）的3升血液可以修复受损皮肤。食用荨麻是让脸颊红润的秘诀。一种由大理石、小麦和泻根（一种有毒植物）制成的浆糊可以美白皮肤。
trick n. & v. & adj.
1. 作名词
（1）诡计；花招；骗局；把戏
【例】The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher.
孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。
treat or trick 不给糖就捣蛋
（万圣节时儿童挨家索要糖果用语，扬言若不给糖就捣乱戏弄别人）
（2）技巧，诀窍，窍门
【例】The trick is to pick the animal up by the back of its neck.
窍门在于抓住动物的后脖颈把它提起来。
2. 作动词，欺骗，欺诈
【例】I'd been tricked and I felt stupid.
我被人骗了，觉得自己真傻。
【搭配】trick sb into sth/ into doing sth 诱使某人做某事
【例】He tricked me into lending him 100 pounds.
他骗我借给了他100英镑。
3. 作形容词，骗人的，令人迷惑的，产生幻觉的
【例】a trick question 一个迷惑人的问题
Most beauty products in Renaissance Italy were made from ingredients that seem strange or foolhardy to modern eyes. But in "How to be a Renaissance Woman", a lively new history of beauty culture in 16th- and 17th-century Italy, make-up is a tool to understand society and the female experience.
在现代人看来，文艺复兴时期意大利的大多数美容产品的原料要么十分奇怪，要么过于大胆。但在《如何成为文艺复兴时期的女性》这本关于16世纪和17世纪意大利美容文化的生动新史书中，化妆是了解社会和女性经历的工具。
foolhardy adj. 莽撞的；有勇无谋的
（英文释义：If you describe behaviour as foolhardy, you disapprove of it because it is extremely risky.）
【例】It would be foolhardy to go into the scheme without support.
在没有支援的情况下投入这计划是鲁莽的。
Men controlled finance and government. Women cared about their appearances because "they had to", not because they were frivolous, argues Jill Burke, a professor at the University of Edinburgh.
在当时，男性控制着金融和政府。爱丁堡大学教授吉尔·伯克认为，女性在意自己的外表不是因为她们肤浅无聊，而是因为她们"不得不在意"。
frivolous adj.
1. 愚蠢的，可笑的
【例】frivolous comments/ suggestions 愚蠢的话；可笑的建议
2. 无聊的，不严肃的
【例】frivolous pastimes/ pleasures 无聊的消遣/娱乐
Beauty and power intertwined: an attractive appearance offered better marriage prospects and social status. Beauty products were no mere frippery. They could be both weapons and shields.
美色和权力相互交织：漂亮的外表能带来更好的婚姻和社会地位。美容产品并非只是庸脂俗粉。它们既可以是武器，也可以是盾牌。
frivolous adj.
1. 愚蠢的，可笑的
【例】frivolous comments/ suggestions 愚蠢的话；可笑的建议
2. 无聊的，不严肃的
【例】frivolous pastimes/ pleasures 无聊的消遣/娱乐
Marriage manuals of the day recommended wife-beating, and cosmetic recipe-books shared tips on how to hide "dead blood" from blows to the face using wild mint leaves.
当时的婚姻手册推崇殴打妻子，而美容指导手册则分享了一些小技巧，教女性如何使用野生薄荷叶来遮盖面部因受到击打而产生的"瘀血"。
manual adj. & n.
1. 作形容词，用手的；手工的；体力的
【例】manual labour/ jobs/ skills 体力劳动、体力活儿、手工技巧
manual workers and non-manual workers 体力劳动者和非体力劳动者
2. 作名词，手册，说明书
【例】a computer manual 计算机操作指南
a training manual 培训手册
disguise v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）假扮，装扮
【例】She disguised herself as a boy.
她女扮男装。
（2）掩饰，掩盖
【例】She made no attempt to disguise her surprise.
她毫不掩饰自己的惊奇。
2. 作名词，伪装物，化装工具
【例】She wore glasses and a wig as a disguise.
她用眼镜和假发伪装起来。
You’ll have to travel in disguise.
你将不得不乔装出行。
Giovanna de Grandis, a woman from Rome, was hung alongside four other women for selling a poison disguised as a blemish remover that killed 46 men. (Ms Burke thinks the men may have been abusing their wives.)
来自罗马的女子乔瓦娜·德·格兰迪斯与另外四名女子一起被绞死，因其将毒药伪装成遮瑕膏进行出售，导致46名男子死亡。(伯克认为，这些男子可能一直都在虐待他们的妻子。)
manual adj. & n.
1. 作形容词，用手的；手工的；体力的
【例】manual labour/ jobs/ skills 体力劳动、体力活儿、手工技巧
manual workers and non-manual workers 体力劳动者和非体力劳动者
2. 作名词，手册，说明书
【例】a computer manual 计算机操作指南
a training manual 培训手册
disguise v. & n.
1. 作动词
（1）假扮，装扮
【例】She disguised herself as a boy.
她女扮男装。
（2）掩饰，掩盖
【例】She made no attempt to disguise her surprise.
她毫不掩饰自己的惊奇。
2. 作名词，伪装物，化装工具
【例】She wore glasses and a wig as a disguise.
她用眼镜和假发伪装起来。
You’ll have to travel in disguise.
你将不得不乔装出行。
One dignitary guessed that 500 men could have been killed by de Grandis's toxic mixture, their deaths mistaken for plague fatalities. Cosmetics are a big business--worth $430bn in 2022--but all too often they are dismissed as trivial.
一位政要猜测，可能有500人死于德·格兰迪斯的毒药，却被误认为是得了瘟疫而死亡。化妆品算得上一门大宗业务（2022年化妆品市场规模高达4300亿美元），但却往往遭人忽视，被认为是微不足道的小生意。
dismiss v.
1. 不予理会，不予考虑，摒弃
（英文释义：If you dismiss something, you decide or say that it is not important enough for you to think about or consider.）
【例】I think we can safely dismiss their objections.
我认为我们对他们的异议完全可以不予理会。
2. 解雇，免职，开除
【例】She claims she was unfairly dismissed from her post.
她声称自己被无理免职。
3. 让（某人）离开；把（某人）打发走；解散
【例】At 12 o'clock the class was dismissed.
12点下课了。
"What we do with our hair, face and body reflects and affects our social world," Ms Burke argues. Academic purists may balk at what they perceive as a chatty "history-lite" approach, but Ms Burke draws all her conclusions from primary sources (many of which she translated from the Italian herself).
伯克认为："我们如何对待头发、脸部和身体，既反映了社会现实，又反过来对其产生影响。"学术纯粹主义者可能会认为这是一本漫谈式的"轻历史"书，但伯克书中的所有结论都来自原始资料（其中许多是她自己从意大利语翻译而来的）。
balk at 拒绝，不接受
（英文释义：to be unwilling to do something or to allow something to happen）
【例】I balked at the prospect of spending four hours on a train with him.
一想到要和他一起坐四个小时的火车，我就很抗拒。
课后练习
The beauty products in Renaissance ____.
A. were used to cure diseases
B. contained peculiar ingredients
C. were innovative and effective
D. shaped the concept of beauty
Women cared about their appearances because ____.
A. they were uneducated and superficial
B. they were not allowed to do anything else
C. beautiful women were respected in the society
D. beauty was a means of obtaining power
The example of Giovanna de Grandis showed that ____.
A. many beauty products were poisonous
B. murder by poisoning was severely penalized
C. women used beauty products as weapons
D. the cause of death was hard to identify
Jill Burke argues that ____.
A. cosmetics are commercially significant
B. beauty products have a huge impact on society
C. make-up is an important part of daily life
D. Italy has a long history of beauty